初升高英语衔接学习第1讲

初升高英语衔接学习第1讲

名 词

一、名词的分类：根据用法，名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。

1．可数名词有单、复数形式的区别。需要掌握规则名词的复数形式的构成。

以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：

以f或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时常去 f , fe 加 ves ，

考点回顾：

hero ________ potato ________ knife __________ story _________ family _______ holiday ________ photo _________ leaf _________

2.名词复数的不规则变化

1）child ______ foot _______ tooth ___________

mouse __________ man _______ policewoman _____________ an Englishman _________________ German ____________ 2）deer ________ sheep _________ fish ______

Chinese ________ one yuan _________ a meter ________ 3）maths _______ physics ________ news ______

4) glass _____________ (一副眼镜) trousers ______________（一条裤子） shoe _______________（一双鞋）

3．不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般需要将其量化。

不可数名词如何量化：就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”

最常见的不可数名词有：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture（家具）, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage（行李）, money, news, progress, traffic 不可数名词量的表示

a glass of water 一杯水 _____________一块蛋糕 ____________ 一张纸 ________________一双短袜 ____________一瓶牛奶 ____________一盒巧克力 ________________一块肥皂 ____________一条情报

4. 另外还有一些名词，即可做不可数名词也可做可数名词，但意思不相同。 单词 work wood Paper Room Time Light 可数名词意思 报纸，试卷 房间 灯 不可数名词意思 工作 木头 纸 时间 单词 German life Orange Glass fish 可数名词意思 德国人 橘子 玻璃杯 不可数名词意思 生活，人生 日语 鱼肉 Chicken 小鸡 Exercise 练习，体操 Japanese 2．）常以复数形式出现并使用的名词：clothes, people, trousers, glasses, scissors, thanks, congratulations, wishes, police, stairs(楼梯), works(著作), woods(森林), times(时代)

3）只有复数形式的名词

trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜，compasses圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子 4）单复数同型的单词

fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊，works（工厂），means手段，Swiss瑞士人，Chinese中国人，news 新闻，goods 商品

5．修饰可数名词的词有： _________________________________________________ 修饰不可数名词的词有________________________________________________

即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的词有：some (any), no, a lot of ，_______________________________________________ 二、定语名词的复数 （即名词修饰名词） 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。

_____________运动会 _____________________学生阅览室 2) man, woman, 等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 _______________女老师 __________________ 男警察 3) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。

如：two-dozen eggs 两打/（二十四个鸡蛋） _____________________十里路 ___________________两百棵树 _______________________ 一个五年计划 三、名词的格

1.有生命的人、物及其他名词的所有格在词尾加―‘s‖， 男孩的书包______________ 2.词词尾已有-s ，只加?，

教师节_____________ 双胞胎的父母 ____________________ 3. 时间、距离、地域等名词的所有格形式为-‘s

今天的报纸____________________ 十分钟的路程 _______________________ 4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词， 在理发店______________ 去诊所 ______________________ 5. 凡不能加\的名词，都可以用\名词+of +名词\的结构来表示所有关系， 歌的名字 ___________________ 我家的窗户 __________________

6. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示\分别有\；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。 如：John's and Mary's rooms（两间） John and Mary's room（一间） 7. 双重所有格形式：a novel of Mark Twin‘s a friend of my father‘s / mine

名词练习 ㈠、基本题型

一.写出下列名词的复数形式

1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child

7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman _____________ 20、knife ___________ 22、sheep _________

㈡、选择填空

1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has

3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. That‘s art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already.

A. two bread B. two breads

C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river. A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish 8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 9. We should clean twice a day.

A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth 10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.

A. teacher B.teacher‘s C.teachers‘ D.teachers 11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.

A. letter boxes B.letters boxes C. letter box D.letters box 12.There are_____ birds in that big tree.

A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of

C. five hundred of D. hundred of

13.June 1st is ____ Day all over the world. A. Child‘s B. Childs‘ C. Children‘sD. Childrens‘ 14.September 10th is ___ Day in China, isn‘t it?

A. Teacher‘sB. Teachers‘C. TeacherD. Teacher of 15._____ is made of _____.

A. Glass; glassB. A glass; glassC. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses 16.This is _______ news.

A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good 17.What ______ it is! Let‘s go swimming.

A. a fine weatherB. fine dayC. a fine dayD. bad weather 18.They like Chinese _____.

A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people 19.Lucy and I go to school _____ every day. A. on feetB. on footC. by footsD. by buses

20. –Are those _____? -No, they aren‘t. They‘re _____. A. sheep; cowsB. sheep; cowC. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows 21. What are you listening to, Jane? ____ or ____?

A. a music; a newsB. music; newsC. music; newsD. music; a news 22. That bus driver drank two _____.

A. glass of waterB. glasses of watersC. cups of teaD. cup of tea 23. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.

A. Bob‘s motherB. Bob‘s mother‘sC. mother of BobD. Bob mother‘s

24. The tall man with a big nose is _______ teacher. A. Tom and CarlB. Tom‘s and Carl‘sC. Tom and Carl‘s 25. There is ______ tree in our school.

A. a 8-metres-tallB. an-8-metre-tallC. an 8 metres tall 26.How many ____ and ____ are there in your class? A. boy student; girl onesB. girls students; boys ones C. boys student; girl oneD. girl students; boy ones 27.A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there. A. Frenchmen; GermansB. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; FrenchmenD. Germans; Frenchmans

㈢、综合型

1.In ____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A.fewyear B. a few years‘ C. few years D. a few year‘s 2. Did you hear the ______ report?

A. policeB. policemen‘s C. policemans‘D. policemens‘ 3. We bought _____ for my mother‘s birthday.

A. some meatsB. some pieces meatC. a piece of meatD. pieces of meats

4. –Whose is this new desk?-It‘s _____.

A. Sue and Jim‘sB. Sue and JimC. Sue‘s and Jim‘s

5. –Would you like _____ coffee?-No, thanks. I‘ve drunk two __. A.any; bottles of orangeB. little; bottle of oranges C. some; bottles of orangeD. a few; bottle of orange 6. –How many _____ do you want?-Two, please.

A. kilos of eggB. kilo of eggsC. kilos of eggsD. kilo of bread 7. The railway station is two _____ from our house. A. hour‘s drive B. hours‘ driveC. hour-drive D. hours drive 8. –Where are you going, Lucy?-_______.

A. To my uncleB. To my uncle‘sC. At my uncleD. At my uncle‘s 9. Have you read _____?A. a newspaper of today‘s B. today newspaper C. today's newspaper

10. There‘re a lot of ___ down there, but hardly any ___. A. horse; peopleB. horses; peoplesC. cow; peopleD. sheep; people 11. Lucy put a lot of ____ in ____ of tea. (2000西安) A. sugar; the two cupB. sugars; the two cups C. sugar; the two cupsD. sugars; two cups

12. Mr. Lin often gives us _______ by e-mail. (2000上海)

A. some good informationB. some good informations C. good informationsD. a good information

13. –Is this your room?-No, it‘s _____ room.(2000广州)

A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of apples D. boxes of apple 14. –Help yourself to some _________. -Thank you. I really like them.(2001汕头) A. fishB. orangeC. breadD. cakes

15. This is an old photo of mine when I _______. (2001吉林) A. have short hairs B. had short hairs C. have short hair D. had short hair

16. Where is ________ sweater? I can‘t see it.(2001四川) A. LucyB. LucysC. Lucy‘s

17. The little baby has two _______ already.(2001天津) A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths

18. We all had ______ last month. Did you travel to anywhere? A. seven days‘ holidayB. seven day‘s holiday C. seven-days holidayD. a seven-days holiday

19. Yesterday a few _____ came to visit some ______ in Shantou. A. German; places of interestB. Germans; places of interests

C. Germans; places of interestD. Germen; places of interest

20. When autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down. A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves

代 词

一．人称代词 主格 I You He She We They You It 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词

1．人称代词的宾格在句子中作动词的宾语或介词宾语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语。

例如：I saw her with them。 a. -- Who broke the vase? -

b. -- Me. （me = It's me.） 2．）宾格代替主格：

a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。 ---- I like English. ---- Me too. ---- Have more wine? ---Not me.

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.

3）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。 4）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。 5)单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： you, he / she and I 6) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为： we, you and they

2. 物主代词(…人的): 包括形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词

形容词性的物主代词 + 名词; 名词性的物主代词= 形容词性的物主代词+ 名词 3．反身代词：（1）加强语气，起强调作用，“…自己‖, ―亲自‖, ―本人‖

(2)用在一些动词后,表示主语既是动作的发出者,也是动作的承受者.常见的这

类动词有:teach, dress, help, look after, enjoy, hurt, wash

4.不定代词

(1) none (of)指人或物 回答how many / much的问题 nobody, no one 指人 nothing指物

(2) one指人或物, 复数为ones, that指物(不可数名词),it指代前面提到的物体 I have got a nice watch. Would you like to buy one? ( a watch) I have got a nice watch. Do you like it? ( the watch) The weather here is better than that in Beijing. (the weather) (3) 三者或三者以上： all (全部，都) any (任何一个) none (一个也没有) 两者： both (全部，都) either (任意一个) neither（一个也没有）

*not与both, all 连用表示部分否定.

(4)some用于肯定句中,也可用于表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中 any用于疑问句、否定句中；还有“任何的”意思 (5)another泛指 另一个

the other常与 one 连用，表示两者中的另一个 one…the other…

others 泛指别的，其他的 the others特指别的，其他的（有范围限制） (the) others = (the) other + 名词 else放在合成不定代词或疑问词之后

(6)every + 名词， 只能做定语， （三者或三者以上） each两者或两者以上的“每一”， 可以单独使用 常见的短语：each of each other （7）合成不定代词的用法（略）*形容词后置

练习一

单项填空: 人称代词、 物主代词、 反身代词、 指示代词和疑问代词 1. ____ is she? She's a nurse. A. Who B. Where C. Which D. What 2. ____ is Tom like? Oh, he's short. A. Which B. Who C. What D. Whom 3. ____ cap is that? A. Who's B. Who C. Whose D. Where 4. ____ is no use telling him about that. A. This B. That C. These D. It

5. The three men, Bob, Joe and ____ met at the station. A. I B. me C. her D. you 6. ____ have been to Paris. A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I D. You, he and me

7. My brother is so young that he can't take care of ____ . A. him B. herself C. himself D. his 8. The young teacher teaches ____ politics. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourself 9. Our work is not so good as ____ .

A. him B. he C. his D. he's 10. Has Jack got the money? Yes, I gave ____ yesterday. A .to him them B. to him if C. him them D. it to him 11. How hard ____ works! A. we B .him C. he D. his 12. Won't you let ____ help you? A. I and my friend B. my friend and I C. my friend and me D. my friend and I to

13. He asked the three men, Bob, Joe and ____ to be ready. A. I B. himself C. me D. herself

14. All my classmates are going to the Summer Palace except ____ . A. he and I B. he and me C. him and I D. him and me 15. Go ____ to ____!

A. here, us B. there, they C. there, them D. here, we

16. The moon is shining brightly tonight .____ is like a round plate. A. Its B. He C. She D. They 17. He is as tall as ____ . A. she B. her C. him D. himself 18. If I were ____ , I would take the advice. A. she B. her C. he D. his 19. Open the door. please? It's ____ . A. I B. my C. mine D. me

20. She hasn't brought ____ book with her. Will you lend her ____? A. hers, your B. her, your C. hers, yours D. her, yours

21. That's not ____ ; it is ____. I made it ____. A. yours, mine, myself B.your, mine, myself C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself 22. John's book is more interesting than ____ . A. your book B. your one C. yourself D. yours

23. Either Mary or her parents will let me use ____ car. A. her B. their C. mine D. him 24. The bird builds ____ nest in the tree. A. her B. it's C. its D. her's 25. The sun makes ____ day and night. A. its B. we C. our D. ours. 26. ─I've forgotten my bread. ─Never mind, you can have ____ . A. some of us B. us some C. some of ours D. some of our

27. Two sisters of ____ help us with our English. A. him B. his C. he D. he's

28. Are they friends ____ ? A.of you B.to you C. to yours D.of yours 29. Lily and Bill want to see it ____ . A. theirselves B. themselves C. himself D. themself

30. We had better ask the secretary ____ . A. his B. him C. himself D. themselves 31. We met his grandma ____ . A. himself B. hers C. herself D. her

32. The girl dresses ____ when she gets up. A. her B. she C. herself D. himself 33. Please help ____ to some tea. A. me B. him C. yourself D. yours 34. Tom is not quite ____ today. A. hisself B. him C. his D. himself 35. I'll bring ____ dictionary with me. A. myself B. ourselves C. my own D. own 36. ____ magazine is over there. A. These B. Those C. This D. That 37. ____ a good idea. A. This is B. That's

38. He was ill. ____ is why he didn't attend the meeting. A. This B. It C. There D. That

39. What I want to tell you is ____ : The meeting is put off till Friday. A. it B. this C. that D. its 40. She went to swim and I'll do ____ . A. such B. same C. the same as D. the same 41. Our feeling was ____ . A. the same as they B. same as theirs C. same as they D. the same as theirs 42. They left for Shanghai on ____ day. A. the same B. such

43. You can do it now or leave it till later, it is ____ to me. A. the same B. all the same 44. Who is that boy ? ____ . A. He is a student B. He is a worker C. He is my brother D. He is tall

45. It was ____ warm day that they went swimming. A. such B. such a C. so D. so a 46. It was ____ a long time ago. A. such B. very

47. ____ is he? He is a bus driver.

A. Who B. Which C. That D. What 48. How is your brother ? ____ . A. That's he B. That's him C. He's very good D. He's very well 49. ____ these girls do you know? A. Which of B. Who are C. What D. How many

50. ____ paper do you read? I read \A. Which B. How C. How many D. What 51. ____ is the quickest way from here to the Bank? A. What B. Which C. What way D. Which the way 52. What' s his name ? ____. A. It John B. John it's the name C. It's John D. Its John

53. What colour are your new shoes ? ____ . A. They are brown colour B. It's brown C. They are brown D. They are colour brown 54. ____ hat is that? A. Who's B. Whose C. Who D. Whom

55. The TV sets made in Shanghai are much better than ____ made in Beijing. A. that B. these C. those D. it 单项填空: 不定代词

1. If you need money, I'll lend you ____ . A. one B. some C. any D. those 2. The pen I'm writing with is different from ____ . A. that ones B. that one C. that one's D. those one 3. I remember ____ word he said that day. A. all B. none C. both D. every

4. \A. either B. neither C. none D .all

5. \A. both B. all C. either D. none

6. There are several windows in the room. The ____ face south. A. both B. all C. every D. either 7. Do you have ____ to say at the meeting? A. something important B. anything important C. important something D. important anything 8. I've had enough bread, would you like ____ ? A. one more B. some more C. any much D. another more 9. ____ wore what she liked best. A. Each of the women B. Each of the woman C. Each of women D. Each the women

10. I don't know ____ . A. anyone of them B. any one of children C. no one D. any one of the children

11. She has four daughters. One is a doctor, but ____ are workers. A. another B. other C. the others D. the other 12. I asked her if she know ____ . A. all them B. them all C. them of all D. every them 13. ____ can always try to do a little better than ____ best. A. One, you B. One, one C. One, his D. One, one's

14. One of the students hasn't prepared ____ lessons very well. A. one's B. ones C. their D. his 15. Everyone should be careful of ____ pronunciation. A. their B. ones C. our D. his

16. Have you any books on cooking? I'd like to borrow ____ . A. it B. that C. this D. one 17. Have you got any apples? Yes, I've got ____ . A. a small B. some small C. two small ones D. two small 18. Is this your coat? No, mine is ____. A. one blue B. a blue one

19. If you need money,I'll lend you ____ . A. one B. it C. those D. some. 20. \A. one B. the one C. one's D. it 21. I've got ____ interesting books.

A. some B. any

22. Put ____ bread on the table; we need ____ more.

A. any, some B. some, any C. some, some D. any, any

23. There isn't ____ work for us to do.

A. some B. any

24. He remembers having read about it in ____ .

A. any storybook B. some storybook

25. I have ____ important to tell you.

A. something B. anything

26. Is there ____ wrong with your TV set?

A. something B. anything

27. If there are ____ good apples in the shop, buy me two pounds.

A. some B. any

28. Both of these are interesting books. You can borrow ____ of them.

A. any B. either

29. All these are interesting books. You can borrow ____ of them.

A. any B. both

30. Come ____ you like.

A. some day B. any day.

31. ____ can answer the question. It's quite easy.

A. Somebody B. Anybody

32. Why don't you get ____ to read during the winter vacation (寒假) ?

A. anything B. something

33. Would you like ____ beer?

A. any B. some

34. ____ of the students was given a book.

A. Each B. Every

35. ____ student should respect (尊敬) the teacher.

A. Each B. Every

36. Two boys came and I gave an apple to ____ .

A. each B. every

37. The soldiers lined on ____ side of the road.

A. each B. every

38. Everyone must do ____ best to help others.

A. one's B. his

39. Here are two dictionaries. You may use ____ of them.

A. either B. each C. every D. all

40. There are flowers on ____ side of the door.

A. either B. both

41. On ____ banks of the river there are trees and flowers.

A. either B. both

42. He lent me two books, but ____ of them is easy to read.

A. both B. neither

43. He lent me a few books, but ____ of them are easy to read.

A. neither B. none

44. His parents are ____ English teachers.

A. all B. both

45. ____ like music.

A. the both girls B. Both this girls C. Both of them D. Both they

46. ____ are very good.

A. Both they B. The both boys C. Both those boys D. Both of they

47. There are two windows in the room. They ____ face south.

A. all B. both C. every D. either

48. Does he speak English or Russian? He doesn't speak ____ .

A. either B. neither C. none D. all

49. The teacher wanted to invite them ____ to the musical evening.

A. everybody B. all

50. I've read ____ of the books.

A. no one B. none

51. \

A. None B. No one C. Not many ones D. No many

52. My sister gave me two pictures.One is the Great Wall, ____ is

the Ming Tombs (明十三陵) . A. another B. the other

53. Some like physics, ____ like chemistry.

A. the others B. others

54. He has four brothers. One is in Beijing, but ____ are in Nanjing.

A. another B. other C. the other D. the others

55. I have five colour pencils. One is red, another is blue and ____ green.

A. other B. the other C. others D. the others

56. I don't think this is a good idea. Has he any ____ suggestion (建议) ?

A. one B. another C. other D. the other

57. These cups are ours. Those are ____ .

A. others B. others' C. other's D. others's

58. The coat is too big. Please show me ____ .

A. other B. another

59. Have ____ , please!

A. the other cup of tea B. another cup of tea

60. They are talking ____.

A. each other B. one another C. one to another D. to each other

61. Joan dances better than ____ in the school.

A. any girl B. any other girl C. some girl D. some other girl

62. We have only ____ tickets left.

A. few B. a few C. little D. a little

63. Not all workers go home on Saturday; ____ still stay in the factory.

A. a few B. few C. none D. a little

64. A lot of people have tried, but ____ have succeeded (成功).

A. the few B. few C. some D. a few

65. He says ____ but does much.

A. few B. a little C. little D. a few

66. Hurry up! We have only ____ time left.

A. few B. a few C. little D. a little

67. Fred eats ____ bread.

A .too many B. so much C. fewer D. so many

68. How ____ is that fish?

A. many B. much C. more D. most

69. Try to make as ____ mistakes as possible in your homework.

A. less B. little C. few D. fewer

70. Quite ____ people came to the party though it was raining hard.

A. few B. a few C. little D. a little

二．it的用法

1.用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事情。 This bike is not mine. It‘s Peter‘s. 2.用以代替提示代词this, that

—What is this? —It‘s a pen. —Whose book is that? —It‘s Mike‘s. 3．起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物

—Who is knocking at the door? —It‘s me.

—Who is making such a noise. —It must be the children. 4.指环境情况等。

It was very quiet at the moment. 5.指时间，季节，天气，气候等

—What time is it? —It is eight o‘clock. It often rains in summer. 6.指距离

It is five kilometers from the office to my home. 7.作形式主语

当动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语

It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is no use crying over split milk.

It is a pity that you didn‘t read the book.. It 作形式主语的常见句型：

1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.

此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…

例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.

此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例 It?s kind of you to help me with the problem. 2.It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 It?s no good/use doing… It?s (well)worth doing…

It?s (well)worth one?s while doing/to do… It?s (well)worth while doing/ to do 例 It?s no use crying over spilt milk. 3. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 (1) It is + noun +从句

例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause

It?s surprising that… (should)………竟然……

It?s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……

例 It?s important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness。 (3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause

It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…

例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) (4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do

(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)

例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) (5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do

(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know）

例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)

(6) It is v-ed that … (should)…

(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.

8.形式宾语

当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,动名词,宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前

I think it no use arguing with him.

I found it very interesting to study English.

He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. It 作形式宾语的常见句型：

1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you?ll do the task on your own.

2. verb+it+adj./noun (one?s) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one?s while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)

例 I?ll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.

3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)… verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)… (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) 例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.

4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)

例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.

5. v. +it + prep. + that…

owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…

leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做

take it for granted that …想当然 keep it in mind that…

例 Don?t bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.

6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don?t mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can?t.

7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外） 例 I?m for it that you will follow their advice.

9.用于强调结构

要强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语,状语,宾语), 可以把it 当作先行词.这种句子的结构是 ―It is(was)+被强调部分+that (who )+句子的其余部分‖ .如果强调的部分是人,可用who whom 代替that

I met an old friend in the park yesterday. 此句各部分被强调后句型如下：

It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday.

It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday. It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday. It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the park. 练习

〖10全国Ⅱ〗The doctor thought ___________would be good for you to have a holiday. A. this B. that C. one D. it

〖10辽宁〗The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in that country A so B. much C. that D. it

〖10山东〗Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one 〖10陕西〗The cost of renting a house in central Xi‘an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city.

A. that B. this C. it D. one

〖09四川〗I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don‘t have enough money to buy__________. A. one B. it C. this D. that 〖09浙江〗－I‘ve read another book this week.

－Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A. this B. that C. there D. it 〖08湖南〗Our nerghbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.

A. us,it B. us,itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it 〖08江西〗Isn‘t it amazing how the human body heals _______after an injury? A. himself B. him C. itself D. it 〖07全国II〗___ felt funny watching myself on TV. A. One B. This C. It D. That

〖07天津〗He didn‘t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A. this B. that C. it D. these 〖07山东〗_______ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.

A．This B．That C．What D．It 〖07江西〗I don‘t mind her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I object to. A. it B.that C.this D.which

〖07陕西〗—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I‘d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it

〖07 辽宁〗The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ____ in the newspaper.

A. it B. those C. one D. that 〖07 浙江〗—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. —When was _____?

—_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.

A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It 〖06全国I〗If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 〖06浙江〗 is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. A.As B.That C.This D.It

〖06湖南〗As the busiest woman in Norton, she made_________her duty to look after all the other people‘s affairs in that town.

A.this B.that C.one D.it

〖06山东〗I‘d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you

〖06安徽〗Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed ________ to ________ and then posted it at the nearby post office．

A．it; her B．it; herself C．herself; her D．herself; herself

〖05NMET〗It wasn‘t until nearly a month later ______ I received the manager‘s reply. A. since B. when C. as D. that

〖05全国II〗The chairman thought_____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

A. that B. it C. this D. him

〖05全国Ⅲ〗The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn‘t help.

A．it B．she C．which D．he

〖05上海〗_______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.

A. What is required B. what requires C. It is required D. It required

〖05天津〗I prefer a flat in Inverness to ______in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom‘ s. A. one B. that C. it D. this

〖05江西〗Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do.

A．one B．ones C．it D．those

〖05浙江〗We‘ve been looking at the houses but haven‘t found _________ we like yet.

A．one B．ones C．it D．them 〖05湖北〗He hasn‘t slept at all for three days. _____ he is tired out.

A. There is no point B. There is no need C. It is no wonder D. It is no way 〖04全国I〗I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 〖04全国I〗—Do you like _____ here?

—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. this B. these C. that D. it

〖04全国III〗We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ___ from some wood. A. it B. one C. himself D. another 〖04湖北〗It was_____back home after the experiment.

A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn‘t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn‘t go 〖04福建〗It was with great joy _____ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. A. because B. which C. since D. that

〖04上海〗Why! I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say?

A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that

〖04北京〗The foreign minister said, ―_____ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.‖

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 〖04江苏〗--- How long are you staying?

--- I don‘t know. _____.

A. That‘s OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesn‘t matter 〖03 NMET〗—There‘s coffee and tea; you can have _____. —Thanks.

A. either B. each C. one D. it

〖03上海〗It is these poisonous products_____can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.

A. who B. that C. how D. what

〖03上海〗It is pretty well understood_____controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.

A. that B. when C. what D. how

〖03上海春〗It was because of bad weather _____the football match had to be put off. A. so B. so that C. why D. that

〖02上海〗Since you have repaired my Tv set, ______ is no need for me to buy a new one. A. it B. there C. this D. that 〖02 北京〗--- When shall we start? --- Let‘s _____ it at 8:30. Is that all right?

A. set B. meet C. make D. take 〖02北京春〗—He was nearly drowned once. —When was _____ ?

—_____ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.

A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This

〖01NMET〗The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can

move in.

A. they B. it C. one D. which

〖01上海〗In fact _____is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.

A. this B. that C. there D. it 〖2001上海春〗It was for this reason _____her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.

A. which B. why C. that D. how 〖00NMET〗It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are. A.one B.that C.what D.it

〖2000上海〗Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.

A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 〖2000上海〗The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _____? A. did they B. didn‘t they C. did it D. didn‘t it

〖2000上海春〗It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages _____attracted the audience‘s interest.

A. so that B. that C. what D. in which

数 词

定义：表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

（一）、基数词 1.基数词的构成 （1）1-20

（2）21-99 先说―几十‖，再说―几‖，中间加连字符。 23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four

（3）101—999先说―几百‖，再加and,再加末两位数或末位数； 586→five hundred and eighty-six, 803→eight hundred and three

（4）l,000以上,先从右往左数，每三位数加一个―,‖,第一个―,‖前为thousand.第二个―,‖前为 million,第三个―,‖前为billion（美式）或thousand ,million（英式）,然后一节一节地表示。 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion（美式） seven hundred and fifty thousand million（英式） 2.基数词的用法

（1）作主语，宾语，表语，定语 （5）作同位语

eg. You two will go swimming with us.

（6）表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。 eg. There are six hundred students in our grade.

3.基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数： 1.) 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连用。

hundreds of（数百,成百上千的）,thousands of（数干,成千上万的）,millions of（数百万）， 2.) 表示―…十‖的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。表示\几十岁\；in his forties表示\年代\，用 in +the +数词复数；in the 1980s / 1980‘s表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。 eg. He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁（31—34岁）： This took place in the 1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代； 3.）表示时刻

eg.I watch CCTV News at seven o‘clock every evening.

（二）、序数词；在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。 1.序数词的构成 （1）一般在基数词后加th eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth （2）序数词的不规则变化及缩写形式：

one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve——~twelfih 缩写 first---1st second---2nd third—3rd fifth—5th ninth twelfth twentieth twenty-first----21st

（3）以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

（4）从二十一后的―几十几‖直至―几百几十几‖或―几千几百几十几‖只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 2.序数词的用法

（1）序数词作定语时，一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。 eg.Tom is their second son. He is the first one to come here.

（2）序数词前通常使用定冠词the，但有时使用不定冠词a, an, 表示数量上―又—‖,―再一‖ Try it again, please.请再试一次。 When I sat down a third man came in. （3）序数词的缩写形式为：阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。 1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd

（4表示年、月、日时，年用基数词，日用序数词。

2005年8月15日：（英）15,8,2005=15th,August,2005；（美）8,15,2005=August 15th,2005 （三）基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。

No.1（1号）,No.3bus（3路公共汽车）,Room 103,（103号旁间） The first lesson=Lesson Two（第二课） （四）分数词的表达

分数表示法：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分 母序数词用复数：1/3 ---one-third ； 2/3 ---two thirds. eg.1／3-one third；2／5-two fifths （五）数学运算的表达

eg.3+5=8 Three plus／and five is eight. 9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven.

6x5=30 Five times six is thirty ／six unutilized five is thirty. 8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four.

（六）、

1.倍数表示法

1.) 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as

I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。

2.) 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length…) of… The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。 3.) 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than… The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。

4.) 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。 练习题 1

( ) 1 There are ___ days in a year.

A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five ( ) 2 There are____ students in this school.

A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 2

( ) 1 ______people visit this museum every day.

A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of ( ) 2 There are two___ people in the meeting room. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of ( ) 3 Every year ___ watch NBA on TV.

A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people D. million of people

( ) 4 ____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of ( ) 5 Look! There are ___ in the sky. A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star 3

( ) 1 My brother is in____.

A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one ( ) 2 We are going to learn___ this term.

A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six ( ) 3 Please turn to___. Let's read the text aloud.

A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second 4

( ) 1 We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five ( ) 2 \ A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine

C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine 5

( ) 1 He will come here ____ tomorrow morning. A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth

( ) 2 Every day he begins to do his homework ___. A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten C. on ten past seventh D. until ten

( ) 3 He was doing some washing ____.

A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning 6

( ) 1 He began to work there____.

A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. when he fifty D. in his fifties ( ) 2 They moved to Beij ing _

A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 ' C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980's ( ) 3 We all like the boy.

A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten ( ) 4 She was ___ her early twenties when she went abroad.

A. at B. on C. of D: in 7

( ) 1 There are____ months in a year. December is the____month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth

( ) 2 During____ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion. A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth / D. the twenty ( ) 3 Sunday is the____ day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second D. third ( ) 4 Autumn is season in a year.

A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth ( ) 5 Tom was to get to school and I was ______. A. first; ninth C. the first; the ninth

B. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth 8

( ) 1 -What's the date today? -Its___.

A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th ( ) 2 Jenny was born

A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10

( ) 3 Monday is the second day, and_______. A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday 9

( ) 1 About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth ( ) 2 ___ of the students are girls in our class.

A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three

( ) 3 ___ of the world's books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth 10

( ) 1 Tom is____ in the row.

A. a second B. the second C. two D. second

( ) 2 The girl wanted to sing____ song in English. A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second ( ) 3 Now let me have____.

A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try

数词巩固练习

1. 1). There are ___ days in a year.

A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2). There are____ students in this school.

A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six

2. 1).______people visit this museum every day. A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of 2).There are two___ people in the meeting room. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of 3). Every year ___ watch NBA on TV. A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people D. million of people

4). ____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of 5). Look! There are ___ in the sky.

A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star 3. 1). My brother is in____.

A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one

2.) We are going to learn___ this term.

A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six 3). Please turn to___. Let\\'s read the text aloud.

A. Page Two . B. the page two C. second page D. page second 4. 1). We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this____. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C.seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five

2). \nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine

5. 1). He will come here ____ tomorrow morning. A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth 2). Every day he begins to do his homework ___. A. at ten past seven B. at seven pass ten C. on ten past seventh D. until ten 3). He was doing some washing ____.

A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning 6. 1).He began to work there____.

A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. when he fifty D. in his fifties 2). They moved to Beijing _

A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 \\' C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980\\'s 3). We all like the boy.

A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten 4).She was ___ her early twenties when she went abroad. A. at B. on C. of D: in

7.1). There are____ months in a year. December is the ____month of the year.

A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 2). During____ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion. A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth / D. the twenty 3). Sunday is the____ day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second D. third 4). Autumn is season in a year.

A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth 5). Tom was to get to school and I was ______. A. first; ninth C. the first; the ninth

B. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth 8.1) -What\\'s the date today? -Its___.

A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th 2). Jenny was born

A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10 3). Monday is the second day, and_______.

A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday

9. 1). About____ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth 2). ___ of the students are girls in our class.

A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three

3). ___ of the world's books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth 10.1). Tom is____ in the row.

A. a second B. the second C. two D. second

2). The girl wanted to sing____ song in English. A. the others B. a second C. other D. the second 3). Now let me have____.

A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try

冠 词

冠词包括定冠词 (the) 和不定冠词 (a, an) 两类。冠词不能单独使用，通常用在名词前面，

帮助说明名词的含义。

一、不定冠词a, an的用法：

1.常放在可数名词的单数形式前面，表示“一”的概念，但数的概念没有one强烈。 An interesting story book; a small boy; There‘s a kite in the tree. 2.放在可数名词的单数形式前，表示一类人或物。 3．用在固定短语中。

二、定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有―那（这）个‖ “这些，那些”的意思，但较弱，放在名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

1.特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine. 把药吃了。

2.上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house. I've been to the house. 3.指世上独一无二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4.与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者

5.用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词，only， very， same等前面： . That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 He is the only person who knows the secret.他是唯一知道秘密的人。

6．用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the People?s Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 7. 用在表示乐器的名词之前 She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。

8. 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)

9. 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country), in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre

*在sun , moon, breakfast等之前有形容词时,可用a, an 如 a full moon 三、不用冠词的情况: 1． 国名，人名前通常不用冠词：England，Mary； 2. 泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词； 3. 抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；

4. 物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词； 5. 在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； 6. 在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词； 7. 在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 8. 重叠运用的名词短语前常省去冠词；

from house to house, neck and neck, hour after hour, one by one 9. 在一些习惯用语中

*注意以下一些短语的区别(有定冠词时,表示相关处所或地点，没有定冠词时,表示与相关处

所有关的活动或功能.)

go to hospital 去医院看病----- go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的) in front of -----in / at the front of in hospital -----in the hospital at table----- at the table in class------ in the class

by sea------- by the sea go to school-------- go to the school a number of ---------- the number of 四、冠词的位置

1、不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意： 1.） 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half，

I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.

2.). 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a way. 3.) quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。 quite a nice picture

2、定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。 All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。

冠词专项练习

一． 单项选择

1.He is now living in ______ European country. A. a B. an C. / D. any

2. China is ______ old country with ______ long history. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, the D. an, an

3. My parents usually go out for ______ walk in ______ evening. A. the, a B. a, the C. /, the D. a, an

4. Her ______ second thing is to do her homework. A. a B. an C. the D./

5. The word “flower” begins with ______ “f” and the end with ______ “r”. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. an,a 6. June 1st is ______ Children’s Day. A. a B. an C. the D./

7. ______ Huanghe River is _______ second largest river in China. A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a D. A, the

8. Paris is one of ______ most beautiful cities in ______ world. A. /, the B. /,/ C. the, the D. the, /

9. Last Sunday he went to ______ Great Wall at ______ noon. A. the, the B. /,/ C. the, the D. the, /

10. We always have ______ rice for ______ lunch. A. /,/ B. the, / C. /,a D. the, the 11. There is no room for ______.

A. us two B. we two C. two us D. two of we 12. ______ of the work has been done.

A. Two third B. Two three C. Two thirds D. Two third 13. There are about two ______ students in our school. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of D. thousands of 14. It’s ______ now, let’s hurry.

A. half passed six B. thirty passed six C. half past six D. half to seven 15. September is _______ month of a year.

A. the nine B. the ninth C. the nineth D. nine 16. —What’s the date today? —It is _____.

A. the June fourth B. the fourth of June C. of June the fourth D. fourth June 17. Next week we’re going to learn ______. A. unit 5 B. the unit 5 C. Unit 5 D. 5 Unit

18. — Do you have much work to do this weekend? — Yes, I have to write a ______ paper.

A. two-thousand-word B. two-thousand C. two-thousands-words D. two-thousands-words 二．改错

1. I go to school by a bike every day. 2. We study the maths this term. 3. They’re having a supper now. 4. A sun is bigger than the moon.

5. He was first to come to the meeting.

6. Three hundreds of students went to the park last Sunday. 7. He is ill. So he is in the bed.

8. The student and the Young Pioneer is going to help the old man. 9. Please give me a rice.

10. Wang Mei plays a piano very well. 11. Open window, please.

12. There is a dog in the room. A dog is hers. 13. There is a “m” in the word “may”. 14. It’s the April now.

15. The boy is in his twenty. 三．在所需处填入适当的冠词

1. My dear! Have you had _______ apple?

2. Black Horse is _______ interesting book for _______ children. 3. She is _______ useful member of _______ volleyball team.

4. _______doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day. 5. Look at _______ sun! It’s _______ fine day for _______ walk today. 6. Japan is to _______ east of _______ China.

7. What would you like for _______ supper, ________ Mr Green?

8. Playing _______ football is _______ best sport in _______ spring. 四．中考真题测试

1. We saw ______ elephant in the zoo. _______ elephant was from India.

A. a; The B. the; An C. an; The D. the; 2. — How do you get home from _______? By Bus?

—No, I walk. _______ isn’t very far.

A. school; The school B. the school; The school C. the school; School D. school; School

3. There’s ______ dictionary on _______ desk near the window. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the

4. —How far is it from our school to _______ seaside? —It is _______ eight-kilometre walk from here. A. the; an B. /; an C. the; a D./; a 5. — Where is _______ maths teacher? — He’s talking with Sam’s father. A. a B. an C. the D. /

6. The scientists from _______ United States live in _______ Ninth Street. A. the; the B. /; the C. /;/ D. the; /

7. _______ sun is bigger than _______ earth. A. A; the B. A; an C. The; an D. The; the

8. _______ earth we live on is bigger than _______ moon. A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the

9. I liver on _______ floor of the hotel so I have to take a lift.

A. twenty-seventh B. twenty-seven C. the twenty-seven D. the twenty-seventh 10. The farmers were busy _______ ready for the next year in _______ winter of 1999.

A. getting; / B. to get; the C. to get; / D. getting ; the 11. — Hi, Jack. Do you have ______ pen? — Sorry, I don’t have one. A. aB. an C. the D./

12. — Have you seen ______ pen? I left it here this morning. — Is it ______ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an

13. I am reading _______ novel. It is _______ interesting story. A. a; an B. a;a C. the; the D./; an

14. If you don’t mind, pass me _______ apple, please. A. a B. an C. the D. /

15. There’s _______ “h” in the word hour. A. a B. the C. an D. /

16. No hurry. There’s _______ time left. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

17. ______ India and China are of _______ same continent. A. /; the B. The; the C. /;/ D. /; a

18. I think study is _______ important work. A. a B. an C. / D. the

19. It takes us nearly _______ hour to go to Korla by _______ air. A. an; a B. a; an C. an; / D. a; the

20. The text is very easy for you. There are _______ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little

形容词和副词

一、形容词的用法：形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。也可以放在联系动词后面作表语。

1．直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。

That‘s a heavy box.(定语) He‘s very happy to come here.(表语) The good news made me very happy.(宾语补足语) 2.有些形容词是表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。例如：afraid

害怕的 alone单独，独自 asleep睡着的 ill生病的。 He is an ill man. （错） The man is ill. （对） She is an afraid girl.（错） The girl is afraid. （对） 这类形容词还有： well，（身体）好的unwell（身体）不舒适的， alike相象的，alive活着的, awake醒着的等。

3.形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody 等不定代词时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice 1.)。特殊形式的形容词：

一般来说，名词加y变形容词，而以-ly结尾的是副词，但 friendly友好的，lovely可爱的，lonely孤单的， lively热闹的,有生气的，活泼的,等仍为形容词。 * politely, truly, terribly

注意：其比较级和最高级的变化为：friendlier，friendliest……. 2）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry 如:The poor are losing hope.

3）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor 4.)多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a dirty old brown shirt

a tall gray building a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car

三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词和副词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1、掌握比较级和最高级的变化形式： １．）单音节形容词及部分双音节次加－er, est ２．）部分双音节词及多音节词前面加more, most或less, least构成． 特殊形式的形容词： 一般来说，名词加y变形容词，而以-ly结尾的是副词，只有以下一些单词例外：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely等都是形容词。

eg：1.It‘s a _____ day (sun, sunly, sunny)

2. She‘s a _____ woman. (friend, friendy, friendly)

注意：其比较级和最高级的变化为：friendlier，friendliest……. eg: She is the _____girl of the four. (love, lovely, loveliest) 形容词不同等级的变化规则： 构成法 一般词尾加-er，-est 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r，-st 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单音节词，双原级 tall nice big 比较级 taller nicer bigger 最高级 tallest nicest biggest 备注 类似词有：fat thin wet hot red 写结尾辅音字母，再加-er，-est 辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i，再加-er，-est 多音节词在前面加more，most easy interesting easier easiest 类似词有： careful interesting beautiful important delicious 等 more interesting most interesting

不规则变化： 原级 good bad, ill old many, much little far 比较级 better worse older elder（更年长的） more less farther, further 最高级 best worst oldest, eldest（最年长的） most least farthest, furthest 注意：比较级前面可加much，far，even，still，a lot，a little，a bit等修饰语 eg：He is much taller than his brother.

Our country is much more beautiful than before. 原级：肯定形式：as + 原级 + as （像….一样）

否定形式：not + so（as）+ 原级 + as （不如….那样 ） eg: My brother is as tall as me.

Pandas are not as dangerous as lions.

比较级： 不同程度： 比较级 + than （比……） eg: This dress is more beautiful than that one.

程度加深：比较级 + and + 比较级 （越来越…..）

the + 比较级, the + 比较级 （越…就越…..） eg: The weather is getting hotter and hotter. The more he gets, the more he wants.

最高级： the + 最高级 + of（+数量）/in（+地点范围） （最…….） eg: The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. Lily is the best girl of the three.

2.使用比较级时要注意的问题:

1) 在比较级前可以使用下列一些单词或短语加以修饰:

much, a little, even, far, a bit, still, a lot, 等

数词 + 量词也可以修饰比较级 如:He is two years younger than I.

还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。This room is twice as big as that one. 2）要避免重复使用比较级 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother.或He is clever than his brother.

3）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 5.)不含than的形容词和副词比较级前可以加不定冠词a, an a / an + 比较级 + 名词 How fast he runs. I‘ve never seen a better runner.

比较级前加定冠词the表示特指。Tom is the taller of the two brothers. 6) than 后面可以用主格，也可以用宾格。但有时也有区别。

I‘m taller than he / him. I like the boy than her.--------I like the boy than she. 3．比较级的常见句型： 1．）比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越…… 2.) the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…. 越…,就越… 3.)as…as 和……一样;

not as / so …as和……不一样;不如……中间用形容词或副词的原级 4.) like …. better than … 和……相比更喜欢…… 5.)宁可……也不…. Prefer to do sth rather than do sth.

Prefer to do sth. Prefer doing sth to doing sth.

6.) more B than A 与其说A,不如说B less A than B

He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work. 7.) no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.

no less… than… 与……一样…… He is no less diligent than you. 8.) more than 不只是，非常 She is more than kind to us all. 4.使用最高级时应注意的问题:

1.)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示\非常\。 It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem. 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 2.)最高级后面的介词in 与 of的区别 4) 倍数+ as + 形容词 + as + 比较对象 This bridge is three times as long as that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine.=Your room is twice the size of mine.

形容词Exs：

一 选择正确的答案

1.Which does Jimmy like _______, Chinese or art? A. well B. best C. better D. much

2. The Changjiang River is one of ______ in the world.

A. the longest river B. The more C. the longest rivers D. longer river 3. ______ of the two women is Mrs Brown.

A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful C. More beautiful D. The most beautiful 4. My mooncake is nicer _______ his. A. like B. with C. for D. than 5. You are fatter than _______.

A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall 6. He jumps _______ of the three.

A. far B. futher C. farthest D. furthest 7. My hair is longer than _______.

A. my sister B. Kate C. my brother’s D.Lucys’ 8. There is ______ paper here. Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little 9. The pen is ______ than that one.

A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper 10. Tom speaks Chinese _______ better than Jimmy. A. more B. very C. a lot D. much

11. There are _______ girls in Class 2 than in Class 4. A. more B. nicest C. most D. best

12. It’s too ______ for you to do that.

A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easist 13. Who has ______ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most

14. You have more rulers than me. But ______ are nicer than _______. A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your

15. Tingting is ______ than Meimei，but Meimei is ______ than Tingting.

A. tall, stronger B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong D. taller, stronger 16. Mother is _______ in my family.

A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy 17. There are _______ in the park on Sundays.

A. more children B. a lot of people C. much men and women D. many peoples 18. The dumplings are _______ than the noodles, I think.

A. more nicer B. much delicious C. very nice D. much more delicious 19. She is _______ than me at drawing. A. better B. best C. good D. harder

20. This blue sweater is too big for me. Will you please show me a ______ one? A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest

21.The meat smells_____. You'd better throw it away. A. bad, B.badly, C.well D. good

22.Lily is a _____ girl, she always does well in her homework. A. care, B. careful C. carefully D.careless 23.I saw _______) in the picture.

A.something interesting, B. interesting something , C. anything interesting D. interesting anything 24. Sam is 1.62 _______,he is getting taller and taller.

A.metres tall, B.tall metres , C.metres high D. high metres 25.There isn‘t______ for all of us.

A. enough water B. water enough C. books enough D. enough books 26. The room is_____ for us to stay in .

A.big enough B. enough big C. enough good D. well enough

27．Which subject do you like ______, math, Chinese or English? A. better B. best C. well D. very much

28. Guangzhou is one of ___________ in China.

A. biggest city B. the big city C. the biggest cities D. the big city 29．You are too fat.You should eat and take exercise. A. less, less B. less, more C. least, more D. more, less 30. --- How is the weather yesterday? --- It is terrible. It is getting _________.

A.worst, worst B. better, better C.good, good D. worse, worse 31. ---This book is interesting.

---Yes. But I think the one with a picture is _________of all. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. the interesting 32．______he eats , ______he gets.

A. The more, the fatter B. The more, the fater C. less, fatter D. the less, the fatter 33．The old man‘s hair is ________snow.

A. as whiter as B. so white as C. as white than D. as white as 34. Lesson One is _________than Lesson Two.

A. much difficult B. much more difficult C. more much difficult D. as difficult 35. Which is _______, the cat or the tiger?

A. gentle B. gentlest C. gentler D.most gentle 36.This is _______good boy, all the teachers like him. A. a quite B. quite a C. a too D. so a

二．用所给词的适当形式填空

1. Your classroom is _______ (wide) and _______ (bright) than ours.

2. There are _______ hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer. (few) 3. Which do you like _______, maths or chemistry?(well) 4. This is the ______ film I have ever seen. (good) 5. Africa is the second _______ continent. (large) 6. What he said made his mother much ______. (angry) 7. I’m not as _______ as he. (careful)

8. We’ve got as _______ books as we need.(many)

9. They have done _______ (much) work with ______ (little) money. 10. Practice as ______ as you can. (much)

11. You’re the ______ person I’ve ever seen. (kind) 12. He is _____ than his two sisters. (young)

13. The ______ (old) I get, the ______ (strong) I seem to feel. 14. The weather is getting ______ (warm) and ______ (warm). 15. You are far ______ than you were. (polite) 16. The patient is no ______ than people. (well) 17. Summer is ______ season of the year. (hot)

18. I can do it well with even ______ money. (little) 三．中考真题测试

1. The air in Beijing is getting much ______ now than a few years ago. (2005年北京)

A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest

2. My cousin has changed a lot. She used to be ______ but now she is tall. A. short B. thin C. pretty D.heavy

3. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are ______ than before. (2005北京海淀)

A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest

4. —We spent all our money because we stayed at the most expensive hotel in town. —Why didn’t you stay at _____ one?

A. a cheap B. a cheaper C. the cheap D. the cheaper 5. —Do you like western food?

— No. The food of our country is ______ that of western countries.

A. rather good than B. much better than C. more better than D. not so good as 6. This is _____ that all of us believe it’s very important.

A. such useful information B. so useful an information C. so useful information D. such a useful information 7. — Mum, could I have an MP3

— Certainly, we can buy _____ one, but as good as this. A. a cheap B. a cheapest C. a cheaper D. the cheapest 8. The harder we work, the ______ result we will get. A. faster B. fewer C. better D. the cheapest

9. We should keep our eyes ______ while doing eye exercises. A. close B. closed C. open D. opened

10. Look at the man in the right picture. He is ______. A. right-handed B. left-handed C. no hand D. a hand 11. — Tom is good at drawing. How about Mike?

— Mike is ______, I think. He has got more prizes than Tom. A. well B. OK C. good D. better

12. — Have you bought that digital camera?

— No, I can’t afford it. The price is a bit ______. A. now B. high C. cheap expensive

13. Now more and more Chinese people are ______ enough to buy cars. A. rich B. weak C. poor D. strong

14. Kate is really ______. She’s never angry with others. A. tall B. friendly C. lucky D. clever 15. —Which is ______ river in China? — The Changjiang River.

A. longer B. the longest C. longest D. the longer

副词

1) 时间和频度副词:

now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,late, next,lastday,already,generally,frequently,

seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. once，twice 2) 地点副词:

here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副词:

carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副词:

much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly, hardly. 5) 疑问副词:

how, when, where, why.

6) 关系副词:

when, where, why. 7) 连接副词:

therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.

二 。副词的用法：用来修饰动词、形容词或其它副词，在句中可作状语,表语,补语，

定语。

He works hard. Let's be out.

Food here is hardly to get.

Let him out!

.修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后

a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat

位 置:

1) 实意动词之前，be动词、情态动词之后。 I am also Bush. I can also do that.

I also want to play that games.

2) 副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。 It's rather easy, I can do it. He did it quite well.

3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。 I often help him these days. You mustn't always help me.

The new students don't always go to dance.

4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。

When do you study everyday?

Can you tell me how you did it?

5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。

We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.

6)否定副词在句首，句子要倒装，如： Never have I felt so excited!

兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是\近\； closely 意思是\仔细地\He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 与lately

late意思是\晚\； lately 意思是\最近\You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately? 3) deep与deeply

deep意思是\深\，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，\深深地\

He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high.

I think highly of your opinion.

5) wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是\广泛地\，\在许多地方\ He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world. 6) free与freely

free的意思是\免费\；freely 的意思是\无限制地\

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like.

副词有加a或ly的 区别在于通常加a 的副词描述一种状态，而加ly 的副词则倾向于感觉。

练习：

1. The teacher was very angry and decided to send ______school, so he wasn't a student any longer.

A. away him from B. him away from the C. away him out of D. him away from 2. _______, he didn't fail in the English exam.

A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily D. Luckly 3.－Are you feeling ____? －Yes，I'm fine now.

A. any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better 4. The more we looked at the picture, _________.

A. the less we liked it B. we like it less C. better we like it D. it looked better 5. Our English needs to be______improved(改进). A. farther B. farthest C. further D. far 5. What a pity! Lucy ran _______ more slowly than Lily. A. a few B. much C. a little D. little 7. He is running _______now.

A. more slowly and more slowly B. slowlier and slowlier C. more and more slowly D. slowly and slowly

8. Last night my father went back _________later than before. A. quite B. very C. even D. much more 9.The sick man was too thin to go any _______.

A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest

实战：

1. The answer is nice and soft. Shall I ______the shopkeeper if I can try it on? A. ask B. answer C. speak D. tell

2. Tickets, please. May I ______your ticket please, madam? A. show B. watch C. find D.see

3. It's not good to ______when you are waiting for a bus.

A. stand in line B. get on well C. jump the queue D. wait for your turn

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