简易智能电动车设计 - 图文

简易智能电动车设计

郑州科技学院

专科毕业设计（论文）

题 目 _ 简易智能电动车设计 学生姓名 专业班级 08应用电子技术三班 学 号 20 38 所 在 系 电子工程系 指导教师 完成时间 2010 28日

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简易智能电动车设计

简易智能电动车设计

摘要

随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，电动车的需求量与日俱增，它广泛消费类产品。电动车中的步进电机是主要的部分，步进电机广泛用于数控机床、工业机器人、医疗器械等机电产品中，其在各个国民经济领域都有应用。研究电动车的控制系统，对提高控制精度和响应速度、节约能源等都具有重要意义。

本设计是采用AT89C51单片机对步进电机的控制，通过IO口输出的时序方波作为智能电动车的控制，并用四个按键开关来控制电动车的正转、反转、加速、减速。系统由硬件设计和软件设计两部分组成。其中，硬件设计包括AT89C51单片机的最小系统、电源模块、键盘控制模块、步进电机驱动模块四个功能模块的设计，以及各模块在电路板上的有机结合而实现。本软件设计包括键盘控制、步进电机L298N及转速控制喜好采集模块程序，最终实现对电动车的转动方向及速度的控制。本软件通过protel DXP绘制原理图及伟福软件编写程序。本设计具有智能性、使用性及可靠性的特点。

关键词 步进电机/单片机/驱动模块/键盘控制模块

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Simple intelligent electric car design

ABSTRACT

With microelectronics and computer technology development, the increasing demand of electric, its extensive consumer products. The stepping motor electric car is the main part, stepping motor is widely used for nc machine tools, industrial robots, medical equipment and other mechanical and electrical products, its in various national economic domain has applications. Research of electric control system, to improve the control precision and response speed, energy saving etc all have important significance.

This design is AT89C51 microcontroller of stepping motor control, through the mouth of temporal pulse output IO as intelligent electric control, and four button switches to control of electric are turning, inversion, accelerate, slowing down. System consists of hardware design and software design two parts. Among them, the hardware design including the AT89C51 minimal systems, power supply module, keyboard control module, stepping motor driver module four function module design, as well as various modules in the circuit and achieve organic combination of. This software design including keyboard control, stepping motor L298N and speed control preferences acquisition module program for an electric vehicle, and finally achieve the rotation of the direction and speed control. This software through drawing principle diagram and DXP protel weifu software programming. This design has aptitude, practicability and reliability characteristic.

KEY WORDS Stepping motor/SCM/driver modules/keyboard control module

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简易智能电动车设计

目 录

摘要 ............................................................... Ⅰ Abstract ........................................................... Ⅱ 1 引言.......................................................1 1.1 课题研究背景 ........................................... 1 1.2 设计目的及系统功能......................................1 2 控制系统硬件分析与设计.....................................3 2.1 步进电机................................................3

2.1.1 步进电机的概述................................................3 2.1.2 步进电机的特性................................................3 2.1.3 步进电机的总类................................................4 2.1.4 永磁步进电机的控制原理........................................4

2.2步进电机控制系统的组成..................................6

2.2.1 单片机最小控制系统............................................6 2.2.2 键盘控制电路..................................................7 2.2.3步进电机L298N驱动电路.........................................8

3 控制系统软件分析与设计....................................10 3.1 程序设计前期准备.......................................10

3.1.1 程序设计平台.................................................10 3.1.2 程序设计思路.................................................11

3.2 程序流程图.............................................11

3.2.1 主程序流程图.................................................11 3.2.2 读键盘子程序流程图...........................................12 3.2.3 键盘处理子程序流程图.........................................13 3.2.4 步进电机控制中断程序流程图...................................14

3.3 元器件清单.............................................15

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简易智能电动车设计

4 步进电机驱动电路分析与设计................................16 4.1 步进电机的工作原理.....................................16 4.2 调速原理...............................................16 5单片机电路的连接与设计.....................................17 5.1 AT89C51单片机的时钟电路................................17 5.2 AT89C51单片机的复位电路................................19 5.3 AT89C51的引脚及功能....................................20 6 调试与改进................................................21 6.1 调试与改进.............................................21 6.2 运行结果...............................................22 7总结......................................................22 致谢........................................................23 参考文献....................................................23 （附录）....................................................23

附录一：设计作品图片 附录二：设计作品PCB图

附录三：设计作品程序（单片机控制） 附录四：设计作品元件清单

元件清单改成：附录一（写到目录的后面）

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