江苏高考英语任务型阅读2017年题型策略指导（原创）

江苏高考英语任务型阅读题型策略指导

——以2017年度高考卷为例

2018.11.21 2017高考真题

任务型阅读(共１０小题，每小题１分，满分１０分)

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。

Population Change

Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reasonfor the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stoppeddropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average agewas 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth ratecould be a defining one of the 21st.

Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions wherethe figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developednations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations wouldmake up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but you’dbe wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which mightcause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.

A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does itimply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hitsthe country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth andmaterial expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.

Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russialive a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poordiet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend,Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.

In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, wheremost economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rateis highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% ofIndia’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential workforce could be totally uneducated.

One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it isalmost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from2010-2030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a resultit’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economicgrowth over the longer term.

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Population ChangeThe birth rate in the 21st century maybe much (71)______ than it was inthe 20th.Decline of the birthrateIt would be difficult for developedcountries to maintain the (72)___ ofpopulation.The impact of dropping birth rate ondeveloping countries may not be(73)____________ but disastrous.To guarantee its economic growth,China needs to deal with thepopulation issue properly, as itsworkers are getting (75)________.The (76)_______ death of Russiansmay result in a shrinking population,which would damage its economicfuture. It would be better if it canchange people’s way of (77)______.Leaving aside the birth rate issue,India’s economy may take off whenthe country achieves (78)_____ ofeducational opportunity.The USA will increase, from2010-2030, its population by 20%through (79)____. This will (80) ____for the lack of young work force.

Population and(74)____ pressureAmerican solution2017任务型阅读参考答案

71. lower72. size/scale

73. immediate 74. economic 75. old/older

76. earlier 77. living/life 78. equality 79. immigration 80. compensate

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原文篇章分析

全文分为六段。

第一段设问开头，段末给出答案，指出全世界人口出生率下降的事实。 第二段首先给出数据，指出当今世界出生率的下降趋势，然后指出发达国家与发展中国家人口出生率下降均已成为问题。考生如果能够准确把握本段层次，将有利于填空。

第三、四、五段分别描述了中国、俄罗斯、印度人口出生率急剧下降的事实以及可能对其经济生活的影响。以上三段分层次按照国别进行论述的方式，在《牛津高中英语》学生用书模块10，《Teach a man to fish》阅读课文中有类似结构段落呈现，请比较阅读以下段落：

Another way to help a country is through the development of private enterprise along with job training in order to address the problem of unemployment. For example, in Afghanistan, housewives and widows have been taught to sew clothing, which they can sell for extra income. In eastern Nigeria, young people are being trained to use computer technology to develop their problem-solving and communication skills, and to find new occupational in the field of technology. In South Africa, a community programmed is programmed providing training and help for people without jobs or homes, so that they can learn to make work of art to sell to tourists. Although this is a bit different from conventional businesses, the programmed is growing fast, and many people have been quite successful in it.

文章末段在提出问题，描述问题的基础上，以美国为例，提出一种解决方案，即接受人口移民。

全文遵循了议论文的常规写法，首先提出问题，然后分析原因，最后尝试解决问题（即提出解决方案）。

把握全文结构，有利于完成填空任务。考生切忌迷失于字里行间，为一词一句而阻碍阅读。

备考与解题策略、答案详解 见以下两页。

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