必修五语法

必修五语法

I 动词

过去分词

规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。过去分词在句子中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独构成谓语。

过去分词的用法 用法 定语 过去分词如单用，一般放在名词的前面；如是分词短语，要放在名词的后面。 表语 例句 (1)Many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. (2)Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. (3)This is one of the houses built last year. (4)We were given printed question papers. (1)He got interested in the two theories explaining how cholera kikked people. (2)You shouldn’try to stand up if you are badly hurt. (3)He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. (1)Have you had your hair cut? (2)Now when people fefer to England,you find Wales included as well. (3)I must get my bike repaired. (4)I haven’t got the film developed yet. (1)She walked out of the house,followed by her little daugter. (2)Once seen,it can never be forgotten. (3)Absorbed in his work,Jim simply forgot food and sleep. 宾语补足语 状语 II倒装

在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或者一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)却提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做“倒装”。倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要，一是为了强调。

英语中常见的倒装句，有下列一些情况： 1.在疑问句中。如：

What do I need to take with me?

Have you had your temperature taken? 2.在there be结构中。如：

There are some flowers on the table. There will be a party here tonight.

3.直接引语的一部分或全部分放在句首时，有时也用倒装。 “Is it ready yet?”askde Hu Xin. “Try again,Watson!”said Holmes.

4.在表示方向、地点的副词或某些介词词组开头的句子里，如ther，here，out，in，up，down，away，in front of等，以示强调。如：

There goes the bus.

Out rushed the children. Here comes Helen’s car. Away went the boy.

In front of the house was a small garden. 但主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。 Here it is. Away he went.

5.含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never,not,not only,little,seldom,hardly等，放在句首时。如：

Not only was there no electricity,but also no water. Never will he forget his first time to take a plane. Hardly had I got out of the house when it began to rain. 6.Only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时。如： Only then did I begin my work.

Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.

Only in this way can you learn from your friends.

7.由so,neither,nor引起的句子，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人(或事物)时。如： My sister enjoys travelling.So do I. I don’t know and nor do I care.

8.在so/such...that结构中，so或such放在句首时。如： So proud was he that he never listened to any advice.

So absorbed was he in the novel that he did not notice his father at the door. 9.在表示祝愿的句子中。如：

Long live the People’s Republic of China? May you have a happy holiday! 10.虚拟条件从句省去if时。如：

Should you need more information,please let me know. =If you should need more information, please let me know. Had Mark invited me,I would have been glad to come. =If Mark had invited me, I would have been glad to come.

III省略

为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。 被省略的部分 主语 谓语或谓语的一部分 宾语 主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分 例句 (1)(I)Beg your pardon. (2)(It)Sounds like a good idea. (1)(Is there)Anything I can do for you? (2)(Is)Anybody here? A:Wher has Mr Smith gone? B:Sorry,I don’t know(where he has gone) (1)(Are you)Hungry (2)(I want)Orange juice,please. 不定式to后省略动词 (1)A:Would you like to come to the party? B:I’d love to(come to the party) (2)They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to(cisit their parents)

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