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篇一：学习梵语发音的简易方法

學習梵語發音的簡易方法──近似發音法

在梵文字母中，有兩個和華語（漢語）中“噶（ㄍㄚ）”字的發音相同的字母，ka和ga，他們一個是清輔音，一個是濁輔音，在梵文的50個基本字母中，有20個是清濁輔音互相對應的，對于我們大多數（除藏族人以外）的華人來說，初學的時候很難分清清輔音與濁輔音的區別，這是因為在華語（漢語）系統的發音中根本沒有清輔音與濁輔音的區別，而在藏語以及印歐語系的雅利安語族（梵語和巴利語同屬雅利安語族）和斯拉夫語族中，清濁輔音的互相對應的情況可以說是比比皆是，假如我們學習藏語，首先要學習30個父音，然后再學4個母音，最后再學50個藏文化的梵字（佛教密咒專用文字），30個父音中第一個字母是ka，發音和華語（漢語）中“噶（ㄍㄚ）”相同，第二個字母是kha，發音和華語（漢語）中“喀（ㄎㄚ）相同，第三個字母是ga，奇怪，ga的發音也和華語（漢語）中“噶（ㄍㄚ）相同！漢族人不明白這兩個“噶”有什么區別，而藏族人則能毫不費力的區分出它們的區別。

我們漢族人應該怎樣去區分清輔音與濁輔音的區別呢？

根據我的經驗，先采用一種“近似發音法”，用這種方法去讀梵語，過一段時間之后，就會發現自己的發音有明顯的提高，能夠很容易的區分出清輔音和濁輔音的區別！

這種“近似發音法”是：

把 ka 和 ga 都讀成“噶（ㄍㄚ）”、把 kha 和 gha 都讀成“卡（ㄎㄚ）”、把 ca 和 ja 都讀成“佳（ㄐ一ㄚ）”、把 cha 和 jha 都讀成“恰（ㄑ一ㄚ）”、把 6a 和 7a 都讀成“炸（ㄓㄚ）”、把 6ha 和 7ha 都讀成“茶（ㄔㄚ）”、把 ta 和 da 都讀成“達（ㄉㄚ）”、把 tha 和dha 都讀成“它（ㄊㄚ）”、把 pa 和 ba 都讀成“巴（ㄅㄚ）”、把 pha 和 bha 都讀成“怕（ㄆㄚ）”、

篇二：梵文发音

注:

1.

梵语是印欧语系”印度－伊朗语族”印度语支的一种语言，是印欧语系最古老的语言之一。梵文--Sanskrit，意思是「完美的」。由于梵文是一个高度的系统化语言，井然有序是它的特质;

2.

在古印度,梵语被称做”雅语”(即官方用语),而巴利语被称做”俗语”(民间用语), 巴利语的发音与梵语基本相同,北传佛教(大乘,密乘)的许多经典都是用梵文记载的,而南传佛教(上座部)的经典都是用巴利文记载的;

3.

梵文的书写字体有很多种(如悉昙体,兰札体,天城体......),本梵文字母表采用国际通用的梵文罗马拼音转写方式,不论任何一种梵文字体都可以用这种罗马拼音转写,这样比较易于阅读,梵文(罗马拼音转写)字母有些与英文字母相同,但其发音与相同的英文字母的发音不同,不可盲目按照英语的发音方式直接念梵文字母,如梵文(罗马拼音转写)字母”k” 与英文字母”k”相同,但是梵文字母”k”近似英语音标/g/的音,而不是英语音标/ k /的音,如此等等;

4.

梵语的发音与英语的发音不同, 英语中同一个英文字母在不同的单词中发音是不同的，而梵文字母本身就是音标，只要学会了每个梵文字母的发音，就能拼读出各种梵文单词和梵文语句的发音,如英语中 “t”与“r” 组合可以发英语音标/tr/的音,而梵语中“t”与“r”组合,只是“t” 与“r”连音而读 ,并不会因为字母组合而变音;

5.

用英语音标对梵文字母发音进行注音,只是用近似梵文字母发音的英语音标对其注音,并不能百分之百的完全展现梵语的发音,许多梵文字母

篇三：中英梵文对照.docx5

梵文 中文 英文

A Adho Mukha Vrksasana,Vrkshanana/手倒立式/Downward facing tree,Arm balance,handstand Apanasana/膝到胸式/knees to chest

Adho mukha Svansana/下犬式/downward facing dog

Adho Mukha Vrksasana, Salamba/下犬式/ Downward Facing Dog, Supported

Ardha Pincha Mayurasana/海豚式/Half Peacock,Dolphin or Pincha Mayrasana Prep

Astavakrasana,Dwi Pada Koundinyasana/八字扭转式/Arm Balancing,Legs Stretch to One Side Ardha Navasana,Vachita Karani/半船式/Half Boat

Ardha Dhanurasana/半弓式/Half Bow

Ardha Salabhasana/半蝗虫式/Half Locust

Ardha Padmasana/半莲花式/Half Lotus

Ardha Bhekasana/半蚌式/Half Frog Ardha Matsyendrasana/半鱼王式/Half Lord of the Fishes，Seated Spinal Twist

Ardha Baddha Padmottanasana/半莲坐前屈式/Standing Bound Half Lotus Forward Bend Ardha Chandrasana/半月式/Half Moon

Ardha Uttanasana/半站立前曲式/Half Forward Bend

Ardha Bhujangasana / 半眼镜蛇式 / Low Cobra，Half Cobra

Anjaneyasana/冲刺式/Lunge

Ardha Baddha Padma Paschimottanasana/ 单莲花结合前曲式/Seated Bound Half Lotus Forward Bend

Adho Mukha Utkatasana/倒立幻椅式/Upsidedown Chair/Awkward

Adho Mukha Matsyasana/反鱼式/Downward Facing Fish

B Bhadrasana/绅士式/Gentle,Auspicious or Throne

Baddha Konasana/束角式/Cobbler's,Bound Angle,Bound Lotus

Baddha Hasta Sirsasana/束手头倒立式/Bound One Hand Headstanding

Bhekasana/蛙式/Frog

Bhujangasana/眼镜蛇式/Cobra

Baddha Dhanurasana/扭转弓式/Revolved Bow

Bakasana/禅鹤式（起重机式）/Crane,Crow

Baddha Padmasana/闭莲式/Bound Lotus

Baddha Parivrtta Parsva Konasana/侧角扭转结合伸展式/Bound Revolved Extended Side Angle Baddha Hasta Eka Padasana/单腿锁手式/Bound One Hand to Leg

Brahmacharyasana/独身式/The Controlled One / The Continence

Balasana/儿童式/Child's

Baddha Parivrtta Ardha Chandrasana/结合扭转半月式/Bound Revolved Half Moon

Bhujapidasana/脚交叉双臂支撑式/Arm Pressure

Bharadvajasana/半莲花半英雄扭转（巴拉瓦伽式）

C Chandrasana,sasankrasana/新月式/Moon

Chakrasana/轮式/Wheel ,inverted Bow后滚翻

Chakravakasana(Vyaghrasana)/虎式/Tiger

Chaturanga Dandasana/俯卧撑式/Four-Limbed Staff

D Dandasana/手杖式/Staff,Stick

E Eka Pada Galavasana/圣哲式（单腿格拉维亚式）/One-Legged Pose Dedicated to Sage Galvasana Eka Pada Koundinyasana/圣哲式（单腿康迪亚式）/One-legged Sage Eka Hasta Mayurasana/单臂支撑孔雀式/One-Handed Peacock (peacock feather) Eka Pada Adho Mukha Svanasana/单腿下犬式/One-Legged Downward Facing Dog Eka Pada Rajakapotasana/单腿鸽王式/One-Legged King Pigeon Eka Pada Parivrta Koundinyasana/单腿扭转、圣哲式/One-legged Revolved Sage Eka Pada Urdhva Dhanurasana/单腿轮式/One-Legged Upward Bow Eka Pada Setu Bandhasana/单腿桥式/One-Legged Bridge Eka Pada Vrschikasana/单腿蝎子式/One Legged Scorpion Pose

Eka Pada Rajakapotasana/鸽子式/Pigeon Pose

G Garbha Pindasana/胎儿卷曲式/Embryo In the Womb Garudasana/鸟王式/Eagle

Gomukhasana/牛面式/Cow Head

H Hanumanasana/神猴哈努曼式/Monkey Hanumanasana split Hasta Padangusthasana/指触趾前曲伸展式/Hand to Foot (Forward) Bend

Halasana/犁式/Plow

J Jalandhara Bandha/收颌收束法/Chin Lock Janu Sirsasana/头碰膝前曲伸展式/Head to Knee

Jathara Parivartanasana/卧扭转放松式/Revolved Abdominal Twist

K Kapinjalasana/山鹑式/Chataka Bird Pose Kakasana/乌鸦式/crow Kamapidasana/膝碰耳犁式/Knees to Ear Plow Pose Kumbhakasana,Phalahakasana/板式/Plank

Krounchasana/苍鹭式/Heron

L Laghuvajrasana/小雷电式/Little Thunderbolt Posture

Lolasana/秋千式/Swinging (Pendant/Earring) Posture

M Mandukasana sarvangsana/蛙式头倒立/Frog

Mukta Hasta Sirsasana/无支撑头倒立式/unsupported headstand

Matsyasana/鱼式/Fish Marjaryasana/猫伸展式/Cow

Marichyasana1,2,3,4玛里琪1,2,3,4式/Marichyasana 1,2,3,4 Mayurasana/孔雀式/Peacock Mayra Padmasana/莲花孔雀式/Peacock Lotus

Merudandasana/舞熊式/Dancing Bear Malasana花环式Squat,Bound Squat,Garland Mandalasana/环式/Circle Pose

Moola Bandhasana/会阴强缩式/The Perineum Contracting

N Nauli/瑙利/Stomach, or Abdominal Exercise with the Breath Natarajasana/舞王式/Dancer's ,Shiva's ,Nataraja's

Navasana/Naukasana/船式/Boat

P Parivrtta Parsvakonasana/侧角扭转伸展式/Revolved Side Angle Pindasana/胎儿式/Embryo Parighasana/门闩式/Gate Latch Pose Parivrtta Baddha Ardha Chandrasana/扭转结合半月式/Bound, Revolved Half Moon Parivrtta Siddhasana/扭转至善式/Revolved Adept's or Perfect(ed) Pincha Mayurasana/孔雀起舞式/Peacock Feather ,Forearm Balance Parivrtta Ardha Chandrasana/扭转半月式/Revolved Half Moon Parsva Konasana/侧祈祷式/Side,Lateral Prayer Parsva Dhanurasana/侧弓式/Side Bow Parsva Sirsasana/侧扭转头倒立/Side Headstand Parsva Sukhasana/侧扭转坐式/Seated Crossed-Legged Twist Parsva Bakasana/侧起重机式/Sideways,Lateral Crow

Purvottanasana/反台式/Inclined Plane , Intense Eastern Stretch /,Reverse Plank

S Simhasana（Simhagarjanasana）/狮子式/Lion

Supta Konasana/睡角式/reclined angle Surya Namaskar/太阳礼拜式/Sun Salutation Savasana,Mrtasana/挺尸式/Corpse,Supine Sirsa Vajrasana/头倒立雷电式/Headstand Thunderbolt Posture Sirsasana/头倒立式/Headstand

Sirsa Angusthasana/头碰脚冲刺式/Head to Foot in Lunge Pose Sasangasana,Shashankasana/兔子式/Rabbit Samastithi/站立祈祷式/Equal Standing/Prayer Pose Sudrandhrasana/针眼式/Eye of the Needle Pose

Siddhasana/至善坐/Adept's/Perfet(ed) Pose

Setu Bandhasana/桥式/Bridge Pose

Supta Vajrasana/霹雳睡式/Supine ,Sleeping Thunderbolt Pose

Supta Virasana/卧英雄式/Reclined Hero Supta Ubhaya Padangusthasana/仰卧手抓脚趾式/Reclining ,Supine Both Toes Held Salamba Rajakapotasana/辅助鸽王式/Supported Royal Pigeon Sarvanga Vajrasana/肩倒立雷电式/Shoulder Standing Thuderbolt Sarvanga Vadmasana/肩倒立莲花式/Shoulder Standing Lotus Posture Sukhasana/简易坐/Easy Pose,Happy Pose

T Trivikramasana/三步式/Three-Step ,Stride Trikonasana/三角伸展式/Triangle Tadasana/山式/Mountain Pose Trianga Mukhottanasana/手抓脚腕轮式/Intense Reversed Facing Pose Tittibhasana双臂反抱腿式Firefly , Insect Tolasana , Tolangulasana ,Tulasana ,T ulitasana/莲花支撑式/Scale Trianga Mukhaikapada Paschimotanasana/半英雄坐前曲伸展式/Half Hero Forward Bend Tiryaka Tadasana/风吹树式/Wind Blown Tree Pose

U Utthita Parsva Konasana/三角侧伸展式/Extended Lateral,Side Angle Pose

Utthita Trikonasana/ 三角伸展加强式/Ext Extended Triangle Urdhva Mukha Padmasana /上莲花式/Upward Facing Lotus

Urdhva Dhanurasana /上轮式/Upward，Lifted，Inverted Bow，Wheel

Urdhva Mukha Svanasana /上犬式/Upward Facing Dog Urdhva Dwi Pada Sirsasana/上双脚绕头式/Raised/Lifted Two Feet Behind Head Urdhva Paschimottanasana/上坐立前曲式/Elevated，Lifted Forward Bend Uddiyana Bandha/收腹收束法/Bound Abdominal Posture with Breath

Utthanasana/下蹲起立式/The Squat and Rise Pose Uttpluthi /支撑式/Uplifting Ubhaya Padangustasana/直立手抓脚伸展式/Both Feet Big Toe

Ugrasana/Brahmacharyasana /坐立前曲背部伸展式/Powerful ，Back-Stretching Pose Ustrasana/骆驼式/Camel Pose

Utkatasana /幻椅式/Chair ，Fierce ， Awkward Pose

V Vrksasana/树式/Vrkshasana Tree

Vrschikasana /蝎子式/Scorpion Pose

Virasana/英雄坐/Hero

Vajrasana/雷电坐/Thunder Bolt

Virabhadrasana 1 - 2 - 3 /战士一/二/三式/Warrior 1 -2 - 3 Vasisthasana/侧板式/Side Plank Pose

Vakrasana/脊柱扭转式/Twisting

Y Yoganidrasana/瑜伽睡眠式/Yogi's Sleeping Posture

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