unite 6 mark twain-mirror of america

Unit 6

Mark Twain --- Mirror of America

课后习题答案

Ⅲ. Paraphrase:

1. Mark Twain is known to most Americans as the author of The Adventures of

Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn is noted for his

simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal and Tom Sawyer is famous for his free roam of the country and his adventure in one summer which seems never to end. The youth and summer are eternal because this is the only age and time we knew them. They are frozen in that age/season for all readers.

2. His work on the boat made it possible for him to meet a large variety of people.

It is a world of all types of characters.

3. All would reappear in his books, written in the colorful language that he seemed

to be able to remember and record as accurately as a phonograph.

4. Steamboat decks were filled with people who explored and prepared the way for

others and also lawless people or social outcasts such as hustlers, gamblers and thugs.

5. He took a horse-drawn public vehicle and went west to Nevada, following the

flow of people in the gold rush.

6. Mark Twain began to work hard as a newspaper reporter and humorist to

become well-known locally. 7. Those who came pioneering out west were energetic, courageous and reckless

people, because those who stayed at home were the slow, dull and lazy people.

8. That’s typical of California.

9. If we relaxed, rested or stayed away from all this crazy struggle for success

occasionally and kept the daring and enterprising spirit, we would be able to remain strong and healthy and continue to produce great thinkers.

10. At the end of his life, he lost the last bit of his positive view of man and the

world.

IV. Practice with Words and Expressions A.

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1. starry-eyed: romantic, dreamy; with the eyes sparkling in a glow f wonder

acid-tongued: sharp, sarcastic in speech

2. medicine shows: shows given by entertainers who travel from town to town, accompanied by quacks and fake Indians, selling cure-alls, snake-bite medicine, etc.

3. flirt: originally meaning pretending love without serious intention, here meaning trying but not hard or persistently enough

4. strike: the sudden discovery of some mineral ores

5. hotbed: a place that fosters rapid growth or extensive activity, often used of sth. Evil

6. ring: to produce, as by sounding, a specified impression on the hearer

trend-setting: taking the lead in starting a new trend or new ways of doing things

7. project: propose or make plan for

8. entry: an item in his notebook

9. shot: quantity of tiny balls of lead used in a sporting gun against birds or small animals

10. sorely: greatly or extremely

11. shots: critical remarks

12. bowl: a hollow land formation B:

1: romantic意为“浪漫的”；sentimental意为“伤感的”或“易感伤的”；humorous意为“幽默的”或“风趣的”；witty意为“机智的”或“聪颖的”。

2: cynic意为“愤世嫉俗者”；critic意为“批评家”或“评论家”。

3: lumber指已加工成条、块、板等的木料；timber往往指未经加工的木头。在美语里，timber指适用于建房造船等的木头，无论是加过工的还是未加过工的树都包括在内；而在英国英语里，这两个词意思相同。

4: proclaim指正式宣布或宣称；claim表示对一项权利的要求和维护。

5: demand本为经济术语，与supply相对，即常说的“供需”；need为通用词，意为“需要”。

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halt比stop更具体，暗指短暂的停止。

6: mistreatment指错误地对待；ill-treatment指虐待。

7: consequence常指不良后果或结果；result为常用词。

8: a pleasure cruise指旅游者乘船观光游览，不一定船上的人都玩得高兴；a pleasant cruise指乘船玩得很高兴，不一定是旅游。

9: correspondent指某报纸杂志电台等驻外地甚至外国的记者(reporter)。注意，correspond本指通信联系。 Journalist

10: desperation指因失望(despair)而表现出气急败坏的状态。 Desperate

C:

1. metaphor 2. metaphor 3. metaphor 4. metaphor 5. 6. 7. 8.

metonymy metaphor alliteration alliteration

9. personification 10. antithesis

V. Translation A.

1. Tom was every bit as intelligent as the top one in his class.

2. He was obsessed with fear of poverty.

3. Dongting Lake teems with fish and shrimps.

4. Under pressure, he had no other choice but quit.

5. At that time many children succumbed to small pox.

6. Much to his horror, he found the cabin flooded.

7. Not until midnight did the surgeon finish the operation.

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8. That's Peter all over.

9. The history course has acquainted me with ancient civilizations.

10. The pursuit and anxiety of young people find expression in the newly staged-play.

B.

1. 马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间是在全国游历，体验着新的美国历程，然后以作家和幽默家的身份,与世界分享这种历程。

2．所有这一切，都会以他那像留声机般准确可靠的记忆所吸收的丰富多彩的语言形式，在他的作品中得以再现。

3．蒸汽船的甲板上不仅挤满了富有开拓精神的人们，而且也载着一些娼妓、赌棍和歹徒等社会渣滓。

4．从所有这些形形色色的人身上，马克?吐温敏锐地认识了人类，认识了人们的言与行之间的差距。

5．对一个习惯于由西海岸引领流行趋势的现代世界来说，他对那些落脚于尚未开发的荒凉之地的人们的描述听上去一点也不生疏。

6．他不经意地揭穿了那些受尊敬的艺术家和艺术珍品，甚至对宗教圣地也敢于以亵渎性的言辞加以侮蔑。

7. 那寡妇按点吃饭，按点睡觉，按点起床 —— 一切都那么井井有条、循规蹈矩，简直叫人受不了。

8．他同一个逃跑出来的奴隶一起乘坐木筏沿着密西西比河顺流而下的经历就是一幅美国社会的动态全景。

9. “??他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重，无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误，是个失败，是种愚蠢。这个世界上也没有留下丝毫能表明他们存在过的痕迹。这个世界将为他们哀悼一日，然后永远地将他们忘却。”

C.

第一段：

在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。

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第十五段：

早在1870年，马克?吐温就试着写了一篇关于一个他名之为比利?罗杰斯的男孩子的童年历险故事。两年后，他又将主人公的名字改为汤姆，并着手将故事改编成剧本。直到1874年他才开始认真地扩展故事情节。《汤姆?索亚》于1876年出版后，很快成为美国儿童故事的经典之作。这部描写汤姆的顽皮、勇敢、机智以及他对贝琪?莎切尔的天真纯洁的感情的故事几乎像《独立宣言》一样成了今天美国学校里的必读书本。

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