毕业设计 - 心形凸台零件的数控铣削加工工艺及其编程

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心形凸台零件的数控铣削加工工艺及其编程

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【摘要】

本文主要介绍了心形凸台零件的数控铣削加工工艺及其编程，开篇首先介绍了数控技术的概述并对数控技术原理加以解释，紧接着对零件图进行了简要的分析并确定其加工方式，然后确定零件的毛坯、定位基准、装夹方式、刀具、量具、切削用量等等，再制定出合理的加工方案，并制定相关的工艺文件，最后编制出零件的加工程序，在编制程序时运用了自动编程与手工编程相结合的方法编制，自动编程的应用大大减少了编程时的计算量，同时也使得程序更加准确无误。

本文对本公司一项心形凸台产品阐述加工中心对其复杂形状的工件加工，主要分析了心形凸台零件的结构特点、加工要求、制定加工工艺、选择刀具夹具以及确定切削用量等。利用数控车床高精度的特性，对于高精度要求再适合不过。对于高精度要求的加工，位置误差的把握。在加工中零件对尺寸的高要求，自己对数控车床使用也越发熟悉。我相信自己一定能独立的完成一项加工。

【关键词】：数控编程；工艺分析；切削用量；加工方案；

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目 录

绪论 错误！未定义书签。 一、零件的图样分析 5

（一）零件的结构特点分析 ··········································································· 5 （二）零件的技术要求分析 ··········································································· 5 二、零件的工艺规程设计 6

（一）毛坯的选择 ······················································································· 6 （二）定位基准的选择 ················································································· 6 （三）装夹方式的选择 ················································································· 6 （四）表面加工方法的选择 ··········································································· 6 （五）加工顺序的安排 ················································································· 7 （六）工艺路线的确定 ················································································· 7

（1）可能采取的工艺路线方案 ································································ 7 （2）工艺路线方案比较 ········································································· 8 （3）工艺路线的最终确定 ······································································ 8

三、设备及其工艺装备的确定 9

（一）机床的选择 ······················································································· 9 （二）夹具的选择 ······················································································· 9 （三）刀具的选择 ······················································································· 9 四、切削用量的选取 11 五、工艺卡片 11

（一）工艺过程卡 ····················································································· 11 （二）数控加工工序卡 ··············································································· 12 六、数控加工程序的编制 13

（一）编程方法的选择 ··············································································· 13 （二）编程坐标系的确定 ············································································ 13 （三）加工程序清单 ·················································································· 13

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引言

本课题来源于丹阳市永和铝材有限公司。

数控机床指的是信息（程序指令）的形式数字代码，是由给定了工具的工作程序、速度、轨迹进行自动加工的机器，称之为数控机床的控制。数控机床是在控制技术的基础上和机械制造技术的基础上发展起来的。

数控加工特点：（1）高自动化，生产效率高。因为除了手动夹紧这方面的空白，其他的步骤都可以自动由数控机床完成。数控加工以改善了劳动条件，减轻操作者的劳动强度，消除交叉多次定位夹具测试等工序和辅助操作，有效的提高生产效率。（2）加工对象的适应性。加工时改变对象，除了更换工具和方法来解决粗糙外夹紧，只需要重新编写新的程序，而不需要进行其他调整，进而缩短生产准备周期。（3）加工质量稳定，精度高。尺寸精度一般为0.005 ?0.01毫米，部件的复杂程度不受影响。因为大多数通过机器的操作，所以消除了人为误差，提高零件的大批量产品的尺寸一致性，并在机器的精确控制使用位置检测装置，从而更加提高数控加工的精确度。

本课题的主要内容和主要任务： （1）主要内容

本文重点对心脏形凸台数控加工过程中的问题，如粗选，定位基准的选择，选择钳，切割工具和测量工具的选择，选择在切割这些问题后，完成了分析相关问题的参数的方法，制定合理的处理方案，以及相关的技术文件，数控加工过程的部分编制的发展。

（2）主要任务

1）绘制零件图，您可以自由手绘或使用CAD软件。 2）零件进行工艺分析。

3）制定合理的加工程序，填写工艺卡（如数控加工工艺卡和信用卡处理程序等） 。 4）制备的部件的数控加工程序（制剂的手动或自动编程）。 5）书面说明。

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一、零件的图样分析 （一）零件的结构特点分析

如图1-1所示零件图，图中有不清晰之处请参加附图，从图中可以看出，该零件的结构为：一方形板上有一心型凸台、左右两个小凸台、两个腰型槽、2个M10的螺纹盲孔以及中间的光滑通孔组成，这些结构形状较复杂，在普通铣床上难以加工，而在数控铣床上加工这些结构属于易加工产品。此零件也很典型的反映出数控铣床在机械加工中的应用。

图1-1 心型凸台零件图

（二）零件的技术要求分析

从图2.1分析得知，该零件的尺寸精度要求有：尺寸40尺寸38

0?0.0390?0.03的精度等级为IT8级、

?0.0210的精度等级为IT8级、尺寸￠38

?0.0250的精度等级为IT7级、尺寸20的精

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