新标准大学英语3第三单元课后答案

Unit 3 Art for Art’s Sake

Active reading (1)

Reading and understanding

2 Choose the best answer to the questions.

1 Why does the writer divide listening to music into three types of experience? (a) It is important to keep the different types of experience separate.

(b) It makes it easier to understand what is happening when we listen to music. (c) It is the traditional way of referring to the experience of listening.

(d) Different people listen on different planes, according to the type of person they are.

2 What is the main characteristic of the sensuous plane?

(a) It is the sort of feeling we get when listening to music on the radio. (b) It can only be experienced by people who aren’t musicians.

(c) It is a reaction we have which is generated by the sound of the music. (d) It does not give us any real sense of pleasure. (It does give us pleasure.) 3 What is the main characteristic of the expressive plane? (a) It can only be experienced by intelligent people.

(b) It is when we believe the composer is communicating something to us. (c) It is a controversial concept; some composers don’t think it exists. (d) It is most obviously apparent in the music of Stravinsky. 4 What is the main characteristic of the musical plane?

(a) It can only be experienced by people who have studied to read music. (b) It is the ability to experience different musical elements.

(c) It is the plane that we experience instinctively, without realizing it. (d) It is the easiest of the three planes to appreciate. 5 How do most people usually listen to music? (a) On only one plane at any given moment. (b) On all three planes at the same time. (c) Without paying enough attention.

(d) Without understanding what they are doing.

6 Why does the writer end the passage by referring to the theatre? (a) The theatre also offers three types of experience. (b) Composers are like the characters in a play.

(c) Theatre is the form of art which is most similar to music. (d) The audience in a theatre are like musicians in an orchestra.

3 Match the listeners’ activities with the planes they are on.

1 They understand the way the composer is thinking. (c) musical plane

2 They are doing something else at the same time. (a) sensuous plane

3 They recognize different elements in the music. (c) musical plane

4 They just want to escape from everyday reality. (a) sensuous plane

5 They feel sad or happy because of the music. (b) expressive plane

6 They think the music they are listening to has a meaning. (b) expressive plane

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1 to make up or form something (constitute)

2 happening or done at the same time (simultaneously)

3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed (qualified)

4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hitting a drum or other surface (rhythm) 5 to receive or obtain something from something else (derive)

6 someone who writes music, especially classical music (composer) 7 as much as is needed (sufficiently)

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the world has ever known. His Well- Tempered Clavichord (2) constitutes one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is (3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualified musician (as an organist and a choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) sufficiently “modern” by the generation which followed him, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense of (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky, (7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him.

6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.

1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition. (proclaim)

2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music. (analogy) It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music.

3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity. (clarity)

4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art? (for the sake of)

5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products. (potent)

6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly. (costumes)

7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together?

2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinking about something else?

3 Do you look for consolation (a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news?

4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or (b) making everybody happy?

5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it?

6 If you pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully, or (b) unable to examine it carefully?

7 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of the music?

8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which follows a lot of thought?

Reading and interpreting

8 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions. 1 Which is the writer’s main purpose?

(a) To show how complex listening to music is. (b) To get people to listen to music more.

(c) To discourage some people from listening to music. (d) To get people to think about how they listen to music. 2 Who does the writer address as you?

(a) Musicians. (b) Theatregoers. (c) Composers.

(d) Intelligent music lovers.

Active reading (2)

Reading and understanding 3 Answer the questions.

1 What type of painting is Girl with a Pearl Earring?

It’s a world-famous portrait painted by Vermeer around 1665. 2 Who was the model for the painting?

Griet, a young girl who is thought to work in Vermeer’s house. 3 How much of the novel is based on fact?

The setting and some of the main ideas are factual but the details of the story are speculation and fiction.

4 What was the relationship between Griet and Vermeer?

Griet was a maid in Vermeer’s household and she became his model. Vermeer thought she had some artistic talent.

5 Why did Griet leave the Vermeer household?

Vermeer’s daughter and wife found out that Griet was modeling for Vermeer. Griet got embarrassed when the wife stormed into the studio, so she left. 6 What differences are there between the book and the film?

According to the film, the earrings are finally delivered to Griet and the audience is left wondering if she marries Pieter. The novel does not talk about it.

4 Match the events with their sources. 1 Griet gets a job with the Vermeer family. (b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier 2 Vermeer makes a hole in Griet’s ear. (c) in the film version of the novel

3 Vermeer marries a Catholic girl called Catharina. (a) known fact

4 Catharina is jealous of Griet. (b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier 5 Vermeer becomes a Catholic. (a) known fact

6 Van Ruijven wants to be painted with Griet. (b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier

7 Vermeer grows up in Delft. (a) known fact

8 Somebody sends the earrings to Griet after Vermeer’s death. (c) in the film version of the novel 9 Griet becomes Vermeer’s assistant. (b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier

10 Griet is embarrassed when Vermeer sees her hair. (b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 someone who looks at a picture, photograph, or piece of art (viewer)

2 a painting, drawing or photograph of someone, especially of their face only (portrait)

3 relating to people’s homes and family life (domestic)

4 the inside part of something, especially a building or vehicle (interior) 5 as a result (consequently)

6 to start to employ someone or use their services (engage)

7 to officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you (commission)

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.

In the beginning it was only the rich and famous who had their (1) portraits painted. But from the Renaissance onwards things changed. Firstly, the growing importance of the middle classes led many ordinary people to (2) commission paintings, often of members of their family. Secondly, artists became interested in showing scenes of (3) domestic life, set in the (4) interiors of ordinary houses, and (5) consequently they began to (6) engage ordinary people, such as servant girls, as models. Part of the mystery for (7) viewers today concerns the identity of these models, in masterpieces such as Leonardo’s Mona Lisa and Vermeer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring.

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.

1 He changed his religion from Protestantism and became a Catholic. (converted) 2 One of the assistant’s jobs was to break into a powder the paints. (grind)

3 The newspaper started to change the fact so that it was no longer true ever since it existed, and the local government was definitely one of the victims. (distort) 4 You don’t have to make a hole in your ears to be able to wear these earrings. (pierce)

5 The lives of artists have often been linked to shocking events and situations. (scandals)

6 One of the most striking aspects of the painting is the turban she is wearing on her head. (features)

7 I’ll finish the painting this evening, so from now until then you can have a break. (in the meantime)

8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1 Are exotic clothes likely to be (a) ordinary, or (b) unusual?

2 Is a sitter someone who (a) is being painted, or (b) spends a lot of time sitting down?

3 Is a conventional sense of beauty one which is (a) shared and understood by most people, or (b) different from what is shared and understood by most people? 4 Is an enigmatic expression one which is full of (a) good humour, or (b) mystery? 5 If you have a volatile personality, do you get angry (a) quickly, or (b) only when you can’t tolerate?

6 If you are wary of something, are you (a) excited about it, or (b) careful and nervous about it?

7 If you show something explicitly, do you (a) make its meaning very clear so there is no doubt about it, or (b) leave its meaning unclear?

8 If a woman tries to keep her modesty, does she (a) cover her hair and body to avoid any sexual feeling in men, or (b) talk and act with good grace?

9 Is jealousy the feeling you get when you think someone you love (a) is attracted to somebody else, or (b) doesn’t love you any more?

Language in use

word formation: compound nouns 1 Form compound nouns to indicate: 1 a writer of songs (songwriter) 2 a director of films (film director)

3 a scarf you wear around your head (headscarf) 4 a pack you carry on your back (backpack) 5 a stick you use to make your lips red (lipstick) 6 a lace you use to tie up your shoe (shoelace) 7 polish that you put on your nails (nail polish)

might have been / done

2 Rewrite the sentences using might have been / done .

1 It’s possible that the artist and the model became lovers. The artist and the model might have been lovers.

2 It’s possible that Catharina was never jealous of the model. Catharina might never have been jealous of the model. 3 It’s possible that the model became Vermeer’s assistant. The model might have become Vermeer’s assistant.

4 It’s possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have since been lost. Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost. 5 It’s possible that Vermeer died in poverty. Vermeer might have died in poverty.

may be due to the fact that …

3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas using may be due to the fact that …

1 The young pianist’s musical genius may be due to the fact that his mother played the piano a lot while she was pregnant, so he has always heard music from day one. 2 The late arrival of the train may be due to the fact that there were severe storms last night.

3 The misunderstanding may be due to the fact that she speaks very little Chinese and I don’t speak much Spanish.

4 The book’s enormous popularity may be due to the fact that it has been aggressively marketed on TV and it was discussed in several prime time TV shows.

5 His dislike of music may be due to the fact that he was exposed to loud rock music for many hours a day when he was quite small.

insist that …

4 Rewrite the sentences using insist that …

1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him. I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before he let me go. 2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me.

The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through.

3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour’s rest. We insisted that he have an hour’s rest before he started the concert.

4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written.

They insisted that he change some of the things he’d written before they published the book.

5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I had done. She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting.

6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme, one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?

可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。依次地、一个个地听听其中的每一个主题，你很快就会意识到每个主题都反映了一个不同的情感世界，你很快也会意识到你越觉得某个主题美妙，就越难找到令你完全满意的字眼来描述它。是的，你当然知道那个主题是欢快的还是悲伤的。换句话说，你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主题的情感框架。那么就更仔细地听一下这个悲伤的主题吧，要明确悲伤的性质。是悲观厌世的悲伤，还是无可奈何的悲伤？是时运不济的悲伤，还是强颜欢笑的悲伤？

2 We know less about the Girl with the Pearl Earring than any of Vermeer’s works. Indeed, the unexplainable lack of background information may even contribute to the worldwide popularity the painting enjoys. With so much mystery, the painting has been the theme of first, a novel and later, a film, both of which attempt to answer some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, which is immediately more appropriate to the medium of the novel or the film: Are her wide eyes and enigmatic half-smile innocent or seductive?

我们对《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的了解比对维梅尔的其他作品都少。实际上，这种无法解释的背景资料的缺失甚至会使得该画更受欢迎。正因为如此神秘，这幅画先是成了一部小说的主题，而后又被一部电影所采纳。它们都试图揭开有关这幅画的一些谜题，其中一个是：女孩那双睁得大大的眼睛，以及那一丝神秘的微笑，

到底是天真还是诱惑？像小说或电影这类媒介更适合作出回答。 7 Translate the paragraphs into English.

1 随着婚礼的临近，苏珊变得非常焦虑。她说不清楚是什么让自己如此烦恼。在同好友凯特长谈了一次后，她才意识到，尽管自己已经28岁了，但在情感方面还不够成熟，还没有为婚姻做好准备，也不知道这桩婚姻是否会给自己带来美满的家庭生活。(pin down; guarantee)

As the wedding ceremony was approaching, Susan had become quite anxious. She could not pin down what exactly was troubling her. After a long talk with her close friend Kate, she realized that, although she was 28 years old, she was not emotionally mature enough to be ready for marriage and she was not sure whether the marriage would guarantee her a happy family life.

2 她知道中国学生总是不愿意表达自己的情感和想法，这不仅仅因为他们对自己的英语口语不够自信，还因为他们相信稳重是一种美德。因此她特意设计了一些简单的话题，鼓励学生参与讨论，让他们增强自信心，拉近彼此间的距离。(shy away; engage sb in)

She knew that Chinese students had a way of shying away from revealing their

feelings or opinions, due not merely to their lack of confidence in spoken English, but to their belief in the virtue of modesty. So she specially conceived a couple of simple topics and encouraged them in the discussion, in order that they might become more confident and closer with each other.

Reading across cultures

The top five paintings in Western art

1 Read the passage and answer the questions. 1 Can you tell the names of the above paintings?

Las Meninas (on the left), The Scream (in the centre), The Starry Night (on the right). 2 In which countries can you see them?

Las Meninas can be seen in Madrid, Spain; The Scream was in Oslo, Norway until it was stolen; The Starry Night is in New York, US. 3 What did a critic once say of the Mona Lisa?

A critic once said, “She seems older than the rocks among which she sits.” 4 What does The Starry Night show?

It shows the view at night from a mental hospital in Saint Rémy de Provence in France.

5 What is the figure in The Scream doing?

The figure seems to be in agony, and is thought to be protecting himself from a scream.

6 What modern style does Les Demoiselles d’Avignon anticipate? It anticipates the Cubist style.

7 Why is it difficult to choose the greatest paintings? Because everybody has their favourites.

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