外语教学与研究出版社高中英语必修1语言点汇集

外语教学与研究出版社 高中必修1 模块3 学案

Module 3 知识点汇集

重点单词点击

【词条1】distance

【课文原句】Camels were much better than horses for traveling a long distance. (Page 23)

【点拨】distance在本句中的意思是“距离”。这句话的意思是“骆驼在远距离旅行上要优于马”。再如：

There is little distance between my home and the school.

【拓展】与distance有关的常见短语有：

(1) at / from a distance“从远处，遥远的”；

The picture looks more beautiful at a distance.

(2) in the distance“在远处，在远方”。如：

There is a hill in the distance.

(3) keep one’s distance from… “不亲近 ，和 疏远”。如：

The dog looked dangerous, so I decided to keep my distance from it.

【词条2】scenery

【课文原句】For the first few hundred kilometers of the journey, the scenery was very colourful. (Page 23)

【点拨】scenery在本句中的意思是“风景，景色”。这句话的意思是“旅程的前几百公里风景非常绚烂”。再如：

She was deeply struck by the beautiful scenery of the West Lake.

【拓展】辨析：scenery, sight, view这三个词均含有“风景，景色”的意思，但它们各自的侧重点有所不同：

（1）scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色，是不可数名词。如： The scenery as one travels by boat along the Yellow River is very beautiful.

（2）sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数形式。如：

We are going to London for the weekend to see the sights.

（3）view通常指从远处或高处看到的景观、景物。如：

From the top of the mountain I had a wonderful view of the city.

【词条3】supply

【课文原句】For many years, trained camels carried food and other supplies… (Page 23)

【点拨】supply在本句中的意思是“补给品”，表示此含义时常用复数形式。这句话的意思是“多年来，受过训练的骆驼运输食物和其他补给品 ”。再如：

The plane carried food and medical supplies for the poor in Africa.

【拓展】

（1）supply作动词时意思是“供应，提供”，通常的搭配结构为：supply sb / sth with sth或supply sth to sb / sth。如：

The school supplies the children with many interesting books.

The school supplies many interesting books to the children.

（2）与动词supply同义的词还有provide， 但二者的用法不同。provide的搭配为provide sb with sth或provide sth for sb。如：

We are here to provide a service for the public.

外语教学与研究出版社 高中必修1 模块3 学案

We are here to provide the public with a service.

重点短语透视

【短语1】be short for

【课文原句】Ghan is short for Afghanistan. (Page 23)

【点拨】be short for意思是“ 的缩写”。这句话的意思是“Ghan 是Afghanistan的缩写”。再如：

WTO is short for World Trade Organization.

【拓展】与be short for相似的另一个短语是be short of，但它的意思是“不足，短缺”。如： The village is short of water.

【短语2】not … any more

【课文原句】… so they didn’t need the camels any more. (Page 23)

【点拨】not…any more表示“不再”。这句话的意思是“ 所以他们不再需要骆驼了”。再如：

Why doesn’t she speak to me any more?

【拓展】no longer / not … any longer, no more / not … any more都含有“不再”的意思，但它们的用法却不相同。

no longer / not … any longer强调时间和动作的延续，常与表示状态的动词和延续性动词连用，如live, wait, stay, be 等。常用现在时。如：

He’s no longer living here. （= He doesn’t live here any longer. ）

no more / not … any more 则强调数量、次数上不再增加，强调动作终止的结果，因此常与名词或瞬间动词如hear, see, leave等连用。常用将来时或过去时。如：

Li Lei wanted no more money from his parents. （= Li Lei didn’t want money from his parents any more. ）

He said he would go there no more. (= He said he wouldn’t go there any more. )

重点语法聚焦

过去分词作定语用法小结

一般情况下，形容词常常在句中作定语，但是在模块3中我们却多看到下面的情况：We saw 上面例子中出现的过去分词均在句中作定语，过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，可在句中作定语修饰名词。本期“攻克要点”我们就帮大家一起来归纳总结一下过去分词作定语的情况。

1. 过去分词作定语时的位置

单个的过去分词作定语时，一般将其放在被修饰词之前，有时单个的过去分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。如：

They needed much more qualified teachers.

We decided to change the material used.

过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。如：The girl dressed in red is my sister. (= The girl who is dressed in red is my sister.)

Is there anything planned for tonight? (= Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?)

外语教学与研究出版社 高中必修1 模块3 学案

2．过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并且与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动词关系，具有被动意义。作定语的过去分词由及物动词变化而来。如：

The book written by this young man was a great success.

Have you finished the exercises given by professor Li?

注意：由于不及物动词后不可以直接跟宾语，所以不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成，而没有被动的意义。如：

My grandma is cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.

3．现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的区别

现在分词作定语时，它与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，即被修饰词是分词动作的执行者。分词所表示的时间一般应与句中的谓语动词所表示的时间相同，但当现在分词表示经常性或瞬间动作的时候，二者所表示的时间应相同。如：

The girl sitting at the desk is good at English. (= The girl who is sitting at the desk is good at English. )

He lives in a room facing the south. (= He lives in a room that faces the south. )

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