新标准大学英语 - 视听说教程第一册Listening - in听力原文

Unit 1 Starting out Listening in Passage 1

Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right? Professor That's right, yes.

Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?

Professor In total there are eight institutions: There's Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth,

Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania.

Interviewer Ah, OK. And what's the sporting ... I believe there's some link with sports.

Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities

which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports. But in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn't possible to be both world-famous for research and also top class in sport.

Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they're academically very, very important,

they're very well-known.

Professor Absolutely at the top. They're near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And

they're almost always in the top one per cent of the world's academic institutions for financial resources. Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?

Professor Certainly if you've been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of

the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them. Interviewer And do you know ... why's it called the Ivy League, what's the origin of the name?

Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it's based on four universities, and IV, the letters

IV, that's the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities, these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s. Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?

Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that's Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest

of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865. Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?

Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest

number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.

Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into? Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent. Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?

Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over

the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard. Interviewer Thank you. Passage2

Andy Did you see the film on television last night? Jane No, I was out. What was it?

Andy A Beautiful Mind. It's about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize. Jane I've heard about that film, yes. He's played by Russell Crowe, isn't he? I like Russell Crowe, he's great. Andy That's the one, yes. Jane What's it about?

Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as a graduate student. Jane That's one of the Ivy League schools, isn't it?

Andy Yes, it's all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It's lovely to look at.

Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he's looking for is a truly original idea for his thesis paper. Jane So he's not interested in having fun?

Andy Well, yes, but he's not very good with people or successful with women, that's all. But, you know, it's one of

these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics. Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?

Andy That's about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts

Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.

Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!

Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he's been asked to work by William Parcher for the US

Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he's chased by the Russians, and it's after this that he becomes mentally ill.

Jane I think I've seen this in the trailer to the film.

Andy So when he's put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He's given this painful

treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.

Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.

Andy Well, it is, but it's well acted and directed, and so, you know, there's a-bit of distance between the audience

and what's happening on film. Jane So what happens next?

Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated,

because we're no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash's mind. Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,

Andy Actually, I'm kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while he's using the library

at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics. Jane Well, it sounds like a great film. Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.

Unit 2 Food, glorious food. Listening in Passage 1

Ben: If it’s a formal meal, maybe Thanksgiving or Christmas, or if you’re with your boss or someone like that,

you’re being careful about your table manners. So you’d wait until everyone is served before you eat. But most

of the time, if you know each other well you would just go ahead and start. It’s more usual to entertain them at home because it shows your hospitality. We have a lot of barbecues outside, maybe in the garden or maybe at a campsite. But sometimes if you don’t want to cook, you can go to a restaurant.

Oh, well, after desert you’ll have a little talk, then talk some more, have some coffee. Then you’ll say, “Oh, well, it’s time for us, we should get going.” And if you don’t then you’re probably going to be rude and stay too late.

Michelle: Well, it would be between 8 and 8.30. It is unusual that if somebody is invited for 8 they would be there

at 7.30 or 7.45. Probably 8, or 8.30 would be when all the guests would arrive.

It’s ok to refuse something if you don’t like it, but it might be embarrassing. For example, if I’m cooking

dinner and I discover one of my guests is a vegetarian, I’ll feel a bit frustrated that I didn’t know before. But usually everyone tries everything.

Tom: Well, usually the host serves the guests, so you should make sure you tell him or her not to give you too

much, because yes, it’s quite important to eat everything on your plate. It doesn’t matter if you leave something, but if you leave a lot , it will look as if you don’t like their cooking.

My mother always told me to put my hands on my lap, under the table when I wasn’t eating, and I would be in

big trouble if I ever put my elbows on the table. But actually I know that in some countries that’s considered rude. So I might rest my hands or my arms on the table, and I suppose it’s a bit more relaxed today than it used to be when I was young.

No, it’s the worst thing you can do if you’re eating. Any strange noises are absolutely forbidden. I mean you

can say “mmm, this is good”, but nothing more than that. And even when you drink soup or eat noodles, you have to do it in silence, otherwise it’s considered very bad manners. Passage 2

News-reader: The government announced today that they are going to ban advertisements for junk food during

TV programs for children under the age of 16. The rules will include any foods that are high in fat, salt and sugar. There will be a total ban on ads during children’s programs and on children’s channels, as well as adult programs watched by a large number of children. But there will not be a total ban on all ads for junk food which are shown on television before 9 pm. This was thought to be “over the top” by representatives of the food industry. The new rules will come into effect before the end of December this year and mean that television channels will lose about ￡39 million in revenue for advertising.

So why has the government introduced this ban? We asked leading food and nutrition expert, Neil Bennett. Neil: Well, we all know that over the last 30 years, what we call junk food , bad food with too much fat and salt,

has become easily available and eating habits have changed.

However, in recent years many of us have become aware of the importance of keeping fit and eating healthily,

and this means people are not going to fast food restaurants so often. So the result is that the fast food business has increased the number of ads in order to recover some of the business it’s lost. News-reader: And how do the fast food restaurants do this?

Neil: The biggest problem is that they aim their ads at young people. On well-known fast food restaurant chain

sells hamburgers which come with a free gift, usually a toy which is linked to a new children’s film. Other fast food restaurants aim thier4 ads at teenage and college-age men, trying to make their food trendy and you know, kind of masculine food.

News-reader: So a ban on junk food ads will stop the sales of junk food?

Neil: Almost certainly not, but it might reduce the growth of the fast food industry. News-reader: So you’re in favor of the ban?

Neil: As a nutritionist, I am. As a father of two young children, I’m not sure.

News-reader: Why not?

Neil: Because less money from advertising will mean less money for children’s TV programs. So we’re likely to

see more cheap and violent cartoons and fewer programs produced specially for children. News-reader: So the choice is between junk food and junk television? Neil: Yes, that just about sums it up. News-reader: Neil Bennett, thank you.

Unit 3 Learning to think Listening in Passage 1

Interviewer With us today is Martin Downes, a carpenter, who's 51. A year ago, Martin had a stroke. But he's been

lucky enough to make a full recovery from it. Can you tell us how it all began, Martin?

Martin I'm very happy to - not that I remember much at all. I was at a customer's house, building a cupboard, and

the next thing I knew, I woke up in hospital with people in white coats bending over me. Interviewer It must have been very frightening.

Martin It was. But what was really frightening was that I couldn't speak. I couldn't say a word. And I couldn't

understand much that people said to me. Interviewer How awful!

Martin Yeah! I don't know what would have happened to me if I hadn't had my family. But they were there for me,

they really were. I had something called aphasia, where the part of your brain gets damaged that affects your speech and language. But they started treatment for the condition almost immediately. This speech and language therapist came to see me every day for 12 weeks. They made me do all these exercises. Interviewer What kind of exercises?

Martin I had to match words and pictures and say their names. You see, I'd also forgotten the names of a lot of

things. She had this thing called a word board and I could point to words and phrases on it that I wanted to say. I had to repeat words up to 20 times - boy, it was hard, so hard. Interviewer Could you say anything to begin with?

Martin I could say three words. \\and \That was all. And there were a lot of words I couldn't

understand -1 had to learn their meanings all over again. Interviewer It must have been very frustrating.

Martin It was, but I was determined to get better. I was in hospital for three and a half months. When I got home I

got a special computer programme that I worked with every day. And slowly my language came back to me. It was a struggle, a big struggle. I had to learn to read and write again too.

Interviewer Why do you think that you were able to recover completely? It's not that common, is it?

Martin I was lucky. I was given the right drug at the right time. And I had 12 weeks of therapy, five days a week.

That's very important, apparently.

Interviewer And now that you're better how do you feel about your life? Martin What can I say? I'm just grateful to have my life back.

Passage 2

Interviewer In 1907 an Italian educator called Maria Montessori opened a school in Rome that taught young

children using methods that were very different from traditional teaching. Today, the Montessori method, as it's known, is used in nursery schools in countries such as America, Canada, Britain and Germany. Recent research shows that children educated at a Montessori nursery do better later on at school than other children in all

subjects. We asked two Montessori teachers, Claudia Rosella and Sarah Harrington, to explain what makes their nursery school different. Sarah...

Sarah I think the first thing to say is that a Montessori classroom is very quiet, very clean. Everything stays in the

same place. So the children are calm and quiet as a result. Interviewer So they're not encouraged to be noisy. Sarah No, definitely not... Interviewer Claudia?

Claudia Yes, the classroom's very important. Another important principle is that children direct their own learning.

They choose what they want to do.

Interviewer So the teacher doesn't tell the child what to do?

Sarah Not at all. While a child is doing an activity we observe them. Then we work with the child for a short time

and then leave them to work on their own.

Interviewer That sounds excellent. And what about your equipment? It's often made of wood, isn't it? Sarah Yes, and a piece of equipment is often designed for one activity only.

Claudia Right. It's so that the child can see if they're getting something right or wrong. Interviewer So they don't need the teacher so much\

Sarah That's right. Another Montessori principle is the importance of physical activity. Children learn by doing, so

when they're learning to read, for example, the letters are made of sandpaper so that children can feel the shape of the letter.

Interviewer Do you think there are disadvantages with Montessori methods?

Claudia Yes, there are. Maria Montessori didn't understand how important it is for children to use their

imagination. If she was alive today, she would recognize that. But still, the fact is, her methods are very successful.

Unit 4 Person to person Listening in Passage 1

John Are you packed? Mike Yup. Everything's there. John Sure you've packed your mobile? Mike I'll look again, John ... yes.

John Well, we've got another ten minutes before we need to leave, so we might as well relax. You know someone

told me an amazing story yesterday about these Australians who got completely lost in some national park. Mike And don't tell me, they used their mobile to get help? John That's right! Mike So what happened?

John Well, it was this guy with his son and niece -I think she was about 14 - and they were hiking in this really

rugged country and they got completely lost - no idea where they were at all. Mike That's not going to happen to us.

John No, it isn't. Anyway, the guy had his mobile and he phoned the emergency services — it wasn't dark yet - and

they sent out a search party, but they couldn't find them. And then -this is the interesting bit - the guy sent photos of the place where they were. Mike I'd have thought of that.

John Yes, well it's pretty obvious, really. And in the photos there were mountains in the background, and the staff

at the emergency service centre were able to identify exactly which mountains they were. And they used the photos to pinpoint their location, you know, to get the exact location. Mike How did they do that? John They used mapping software. Mike Right.

John Anyway, by then it had got dark and really freezing. So they slept behind this ridge and covered themselves

with leaves. And you know what the young girl said afterwards? She said, \Mike Really, wasn't she frightened? John I don't think so.

Mike So - is there a happy ending?

John Yes, well they sent out helicopters as soon as it was daylight and the helicopter hovered over the area, and

the man kept talking to them till they were able to pinpoint his location. And when they finally found them they were only 400 metres away from where they'd expected them to be. Mike Amazing!

John And that's because they'd moved 400 metres away from where they'd taken their photos because the ground

was too rough to sleep on. Mike Incredible!

John And the moral of the story is-

Mike Always take your mobile phone with you when you go hiking. John And take one that has a camera. Mike Hey, I think we should go, John.

John Yes, OK. You think we're going to get lost? Mike No chance, mate! Passage2

Social networking - it's the 21st century way of having fun - online. And if you're under 40, you probably use a social networking site - maybe when you should be working. It's well-known that -. office workers spend up to two hours a day on a site, exchanging messages and photos. And do students ever do anything else? Different social networking sites are used by different age groups.

For people in their 20s, the most popular site is Facebook, the online phenomenon started by an American student in 2004. It's taken only four years to make Facebook a huge success - and the website's made its founder, Mark Zuckerberg, a very rich man indeed.

What's extraordinary about Zuckerburg is that he started Facebook when he was only 18. He was a student at Harvard, one of America's top universities, when he launched the Facebook website, working from his college room. In only two weeks, more than two-thirds of his college had signed up and in a year, thousands of colleges were using it. Today, Facebook has millions of users. More than half of them visit the site at least once a day.

So what makes Facebook so special? Like other networking sites, you create a profile with photos, you list your interests, you exchange messages and join groups of friends. But where Facebook is different is that it gives you a privacy that you just don't get on other sites. Unlike other sites, you have a lot of control over what users can see about you. As a result, one-third of Facebook users give out their mobile numbers - they know it's safe to do so.

But you still need to be careful about what you think is safe to show people. One reason is that more and more employers are using Facebook to check out potential employees. Is the person you've just interviewed as good as he seems? Facebook can provide the answer. If a 26-year-old man says on Facebook that he's been travelling round the world for the last three years, and in his interview he said he'd been working in an office - well,

he probably won't get the job.

Unit 5 All you need is love Listening in Passage 1

Interviewer So - tell us about how you first met. Amy How we first met... Oh, it wasn't very romantic. David I thought it was very romantic.

Interviewer Why don't you begin at the beginning?

Amy Good idea. Well, I was 22 and I'd just left uni and I went on holiday to the French Alps with a girlfriend. And

someone invited us to go climbing. But my friend got ill so I went without her. There was this group of about eight guys and two girls. David There were four girls.

Amy Alright! Well, anyway, no one had told me that the mountain we were going to climb was - vertical - and that we were climbing with ropes! I was terrified, absolutely terrified, I just really hadn't expected it.

David She was terrified! I noticed her immediately. She looked so scared -she was wearing this great hat — but

she was white as a sheet.

Amy Oh, I don't know about that, but I remember I was shaking all over. David came over and started talking to

me and telling me how safe it was with the ropes. And he was so sweet, you know I think I fell in love with him right then.

David Yeah, it was the same with me ... We roped up and I made sure I stayed next to her ... I kept talking to her

and encouraging her.

Amy It really helped. I think I would have fallen off the mountain if you hadn't done that.

David Rubbish! You were perfectly safe. Anyway, we got to the summit — it was a kind of flat area - and Amy just

collapsed - she couldn't stand up!

Amy It's true, I couldn't. I felt -1 was just - everyone ignored me except David - everyone. David Quite a few people came to talk to you. Amy They didn't! David They did!

Amy Well, you talked to me, and that's all that mattered. David Thank you! Amy So -

David So we climbed back down the mountain. Amy which was just as bad -

David and we headed for the nearest village and we both had huge pizzas. Amy I didn't eat a thing! I was still feeling too sick. David You did, you know.

Amy You know, you have a terrible memory sometimes.

David So do you! ... To cut a long story short, we got married six months later and went on a three-week

honeymoon to Barbados. Amy Two weeks!

David And we've lived happily ever after.

Passage2

Presenter And now let's move on to online dating, a way of meeting a potential partner that's becoming more and

more popular. James O'Hanlan and Claire Goodall are two online dating experts who are going to give all you listeners advice about how to use online dating safely and successfully. James ...

James OK. The first thing to say is, don't be nervous. A lot of people are and it's very understandable. But there's

no need to be, provided you follow the rules, which we're going to tell you right now. Isn't that right, Claire? Claire Absolutely.

James So, let's begin at the beginning. When you join an online dating site, the first thing you do is give some

basic information about yourself. Now, don't be tempted to lie - about your age, for example. If you want a good relationship, you need to be honest. If you're not, you'll get found out and that could be painful. Claire Another thing - it's a good idea to use a photo, you'll get many more replies than if you don't. James But use a recent photo, not one that was taken ten years ago!

Claire Let's move on to the next stage. You've had some responses响应 and chosen one or two people you'd like

to chat with. Now, the most important advice here is, don't give out any personal information until you're 100 per cent sure you're that happy to do so. That includes your real name, your phone numbers, your workplace address and your email address. Use the email facility设备 at the website and only give out your email address when you feel completely safe.

James And email for as long as you want, it's a great way of getting to know a person. Then, the next stage is to

talk on the phone. Now that's very revealing, because you'll hear the person's voice, and also because people have to be spontaneous on the phone - they can't think about what they're going to say for half a day, unlike emails.

Claire Then, if you're feeling really comfortable, agree to meet. But always choose a public place. Don't go to

someone's home.

James A cafe or bar is the best choice.

Claire And don't forget to tell a friend where you're going and what time you expect to be back. That's important. James Another good idea is to ask the same friend to call you during the meeting so that if you want to leave

quickly you can say that something urgent's come up and you have to go.

Claire That's everything! If you follow this advice you should be perfectly safe. And you may find the man - James ... or woman — Claire ... of your dreams! James & Claire Happy hunting!

Unit 6 Shop fill you drop! Listening in Passage 1 Speaker 1］

Interviewer So, how are you enjoying yourself in St Petersburg? What's it like? Speaker 1 Oh, I think it is a very beautiful place.

Interviewer What sort of... Is it good for shopping? What do you buy in St Petersburg?

Speaker 1 Yes, there are things you should buy. Of course, vodka is very good here and the other thing very

expensive is the caviar. It is beautiful. Then there are the dolls. What have do they say? Matrioshka dolls. Interviewer Matrioshka dolls. Those wooden dolls that go inside each other?

Speaker 1 Yes, you take one out and open the top and there is another one. You take off the top and there is

another. They get very very small inside. Very small. Interviewer OK.

Speaker 1 And of course, the chess. Because they are very famous here in this part of the world to play the chess. Interviewer Yes. And what sort of shops are there? Where's it best to shop?

Speaker 1 Oh, here there are very good department stores, where you can buy everything that you like, clothes and

everything. And also, lots of small kiosks that are very unique独一无二的, owned by different shopkeepers, you know. And they are all over St Petersburg. Little kiosks and also markets that are very good. And there is a very good museum shop at the museum - at the Hermitage Museum. Interviewer And what are the opening hours? Speaker 1 At the museum?

Interviewer Well, all shops, generally. What are the opening hours ... for shopping?

Speaker 1 Yes. Usually, they open at around 10 o'clock in the morning and I think they are open to 7 o'clock at

night; sometimes even longer, to 8 o'clock.

Interviewer And how do you, how do you actually buy things? How do you pay for things? I think, there is a

slightly different way of doing this in Russia.

Speaker 1 Yes, you point to the thing that you want to buy, which is usually behind the counter or something like

that; and then you go to a cash desk to pay. And then you have to go back to the counter and then you take the thing you have bought.

Interviewer It sounds as though it's quite a long process. Speaker 1 It is very interesting.

Speaker 2

Interviewer So, how are you enjoying it in Cairo? What's, what's the shopping like?

Speaker 2 Oh, it's fantastic. And the shopping is absolutely great. Um, you can get everything from fantastic little

wooden boxes. You can get backgammon boards. You can get all kinds of leather stuff-sandals and so on. Oh, and the thing that they're really famous for here of course, is the water pipes that they call it a sheesha. Interviewer A sheesha. OK. That's the water pipe. Speaker 2 That's right, yes. Yes, they like the smoking here. Interviewer And where are the best places to shop?

Speaker 2 Well, I think the best place actually here is to go, if you go to the mediaeval market. It's a commercial

centre in the middle of Cairo and - er - they sell lots of fantastic souvenirs there. You can get spices, er, you can get gold and silver, and copper stuff, and - er - they also sell your fruit and veg. Interviewer Uh-huh. When does it open? When are the shops open?

Speaker 2 Well, the hours are very good. They open very early in the morning. They stay open till about 10

o'clock at night. You do have to remember, of course, that they take a very long lunch break. So, they are closed for this long time in the afternoon but they, you know, re-open and stay open until late. Oh, and the other thing you have to remember is that they - everything is closed on a Friday. Interviewer Right, and how do you pay for things? Do you have to bargain for, for goods?

Speaker 2 Well, bargaining is absolutely a sport here. Uh, they, they do prefer cash always. I think some of the

tourist shops will take credit cards but only in the tourist shops. When you start the, the bargaining, you've got to be, well, first of all, you've got to be definite and serious about what you're buying. But don't offer anything like the price that they're asking, the original price. You know, go in at about half the price of what they're asking you.

Interviewer That's fascinating迷人的. Thanks very much. Thank you.

Speaker 2 That's a great place.

Speaker 3

Interviewer So, how's your visit to Venice? Is it good? Speaker 3 Oh, amazing. What a place. It's so unique!

Interviewer Have you done any shopping? Is it a good place to shopping?

Speaker 3 Yes, definitely. They're - you must go and see the glass factories on Murano. They're just something

else. Quite expensive but you can get little bits of glass, really nice. Sheets of paper are really nice. Interviewer Yeah.

Speaker 3 Also, lace is just... exquisite lace. Interviewer Yes.

Speaker 3 Carnival masks, also. All hand-painted. Interviewer Yes, Carnival, yes. I've seen this. Speaker 3 Then, the shops are amazing.

Interviewer And where's the best place to shop in Venice?

Speaker 3 OK, well, the main shopping street is a street from St Mark's Square to the Academmia Bridge. That's

the main bit But if you like food, you have to go to the market at the Rialto Bridge. That's just great food. There's not that many department stores. Interviewer No.

Speaker 3 There's just not room for them on the island.

Interviewer No. And what time do these shops open and close? What are the opening hours9

Speaker 3 Oh, they open in the morning at about 9 or 9.30. And then they close for lunch 12.30 or 1. They'll

reopen again - in the winter, 3.30 to 7.30 and in the summer just a bit later - 4 to 8, say. Interviewer Right. And how do you pay? Can you use credit cards or do you have to use cash?

Speaker 3 Well, you know, just use cash for the smaller items and they accept credit cards most places for the

larger ones, but just make sure you get a receipt.

Interviewer Yeah. And are the shops open all week or is there one day when they ...? Speaker 3 Yeah, oh, actually, Monday, they are traditionally closed.

Interviewer Yeah, they are closed. Right. Thanks. Well. Sounds very interesting.

Passage 2

Speaker 1 Have you ever gone down to the local supermarket for some milk or bread and come out with far more

than you intended打算 to buy? Then you've fallen for the top ten tricks to separate you from your money. Here are the top ten tricks to make you shop.

Speaker 2 Number ten. Trolley or basket? Make up your mind.

Speaker 1 If you choose a basket, there'll be some heavy goods by the entrance to make you choose a trolley. If

you choose a trolley, there's a chance you'll want to fill it up. Make up your mind what you want to buy before you go into the store.

Speaker 2 Number nine. Watch out, there are vegetables about.

Speaker 1 Supermarkets often put vegetables and fruit near the entrance, so that you fill your trolley with natural,

healthy produce and feel good. The problem is, then you don't feel so bad about filling your trolley with unhealthy and expensive items.

Speaker 2 Number eight. If you can't find it, just ask!

Speaker 1 You'll notice that essential items like bread or milk are placed all over the store, so you'll spend more

time looking for them. So if you can't find something, ask for help. Speaker 2 Number seven. Take a shopping list and stick to it!

Speaker 1 Supermarkets often change shelves around, so that you're tempted to buy new products while you're

looking for the things on your list. It's easier to resist temptation if you only put in your trolley what you planned to buy.

Speaker 2 Number six. Beware of the checkout!

Speaker 1 Supermarkets often place sweets and magazines at the checkout, because customers who are bored with

waiting often add them to their basket or trolley. Speaker 2 Number five. Smells good? Don't believe it!

Speaker 1 Many supermarkets pump the smell of freshly baked bread into the store through the air conditioning to

make you feel hungry. If you eat before you go, you'll be less tempted to add cakes and snacks to your trolley. Speaker 2 Number four. How free is FREE?

Speaker 1 \

of offer may not be as good as it sounds. Sometimes it's a way of getting rid of old stock. Speaker 2 Number three. Look up, look down.

Speaker 1 Eye level is buy level, so don't choose the first product you see, because it's usually the most expensive.

Look for similar products higher up or lower down the shelves. Speaker 2 Number two. Beware of loss leaders.

Speaker 1 Large supermarkets often reduce the price of key items, such as a popular brand of cereals or the latest

films on DVD. They're designed to bring people into the shop, because they believe everything will be cheaper.

Speaker 2 And our number one top tip for supermarket shoppers. Stay at home and shop online.

Speaker 1 Many large supermarkets allow you to shop from the comfort of your own home, and will even deliver

it to your door. If you shop online, you'll avoid all those expensive supermarket tricks. And even if there's a delivery charge, it will cost less than going to the supermarket and doing your shopping yourself.

Unit 7 Family affairs Listening in Passage 1

Host There's a question that's been argued about for a long time. Which is more important, your family

environment or your genes? Well, a story has come up in the news about identical twins, separated at birth. They've just been reunited - and guess what - there are some amazing coincidences in their life stories. Here's the story - two American girls called Tamara and Adriana were separated at birth and adopted by two different sets of parents. And this is where the coincidences begin. Both families ended up living 25 miles apart. Both girls decided to study psychology at universities that are only a mile apart from each other. Isn't that strange?

And this girl, who's a friend of both of them, insists they meet. Just before they meet, Adriana's mother tells her that she has a twin sister. Can you imagine how that must feel when you're 20 years old to learn you have a twin? And when the girls meet, it's like looking in a mirror - they're identical! Now get this! Both Tamara and Adriana's adoptive fathers died when the girls were children. Both girls fell through glass doors at the age of five - that's hard to believe, isn't it? Their boyfriends look alike and have similar names - Alex and Adam. And this is the best part - both of them have the same recurring dream. Isn't that incredible - they have the same dream!

I think it's an amazing story. So, for all those of you out there who have comments, and I'm sure you do, the lines are open. OK, we've got Josh on the line. Hi Josh! Josh Hi.

Host So, what do you make of this story?

Josh It's a great story but it doesn't surprise me at all. I'm an identical twin. Host You are?

Josh Yeah, my brother's called Toby, and we're 22, and we're going out with two sisters ... and we're having a

double wedding next June.

Host Congratulations! So-what do you think-is it our genes that decide who we are? These kind of stories seem to

suggest it.

Josh Well, I'm not a scientist, but I think so. Host Research tells us that it's about fifty-fifty. Josh I, I disagree.

Host Thanks Josh. OK, our next caller is ...

Passage 2 Part 1

Voice-over Kidney transplants are of two kinds -transplants from dead people and living transplants, transplants

from people who are alive. Mostly the donor, the person who gives the kidney, is a relative - a parent, brother or sister. We all recognize that it's one of the most selfless things a person can do, to give a kidney to someone, but as the operation becomes safer and safer, more and more people are doing it. We talked to two sisters who have had the experience -Henrietta Longmore, a journalist aged 40, married with one son, and her sister, Teresa Parker, aged 38, married with two children. They come from a family with four children. Here's their story.

Teresa Henrietta and I were close as children. She was the big sister and she was -just like a mother to us younger

kids. Our parents were both doctors and our mum was very busy.

We were close right through our teenage years. And then we shared a flat and had a lot of the same friends. It was great.

Henrietta Yes, we've always been close. I felt very protective of my brother and sisters because, like Teresa says,

our parents were always so busy. But I also felt a bit jealous of Teresa - she was my dad's favourite -but it didn't affect our relationship.

Teresa Henrietta got kidney failure five years ago, but for several years she was fine and seemed quite healthy. Henrietta Yes, I never thought of asking my family for a kidney. The hospital was brilliant and I really did feel

fine, most of the time. Part 2

Teresa But then a year ago she became very ill and almost died. I was terrified. I knew if she died, I'd blame

myself. You know, why I hadn't done more to help her. So I decided to find out more about giving her a kidney. Henrietta Yes, I did almost die. It was awful. I, I was never going to ask Teresa for a kidney but I kind of knew

that she would offer. To be honest, I felt I would have done the same.

Teresa Yes. At first I was a bit scared. But we went for a three-hour talk at the hospital and it was very reassuring.

My whole family came. And they felt OK about it too, which was very important.

Henrietta People don't know that you only need ten per cent of one kidney to be completely healthy, and kidney

donors often live longer than other people.

Teresa Yes, you have to be very healthy to give a kidney. The hospital makes sure of that. Anyway, after the

operation I got better very fast - probably because you know you've done something worthwhile and it does make you feel very good.

Henrietta I can't describe how grateful I feel to Teresa. It's such an amazing thing to do. What can I say? Her

courage was, was extraordinary. She just didn't seem afraid at all.

Teresa You do get a lot of praise for doing something like this. I'd like to do something that no one knows about.

Unit 8 Arrivals and departures Listening in Passage 1 Part 1

Matt So how was your visit to the USA? How did you get on? Caroline Well, it was great. A bit difficult at the start, but it got better. Matt So what happened?

Caroline Well, I started my trip in New York, but the trouble was I forgot to ring my friend Dave before I left

London and ask him to meet me. Then, just as the plane was landing at New York airport, this French businessman sitting next to me called Serge, gave me a warning, \This made me a bit worried, but I was going to call Dave as soon as I arrived, so I hoped I'd be OK. But when we got off the plane, I was feeling a bit nervous. As soon as I walked out into the arrivals hall this crowd of people surrounded me. And when Serge disappeared, I did feel lonely and rather foolish. Matt I can see why.

Caroline And when I saw a smiling group of new arrivals, you know, tourists from England, I wanted to join them.

Just as I was starting to panic, someone tapped me on the shoulder. It was Serge. I was so relieved. Matt Thank heavens for strange men!

Caroline Exactly! But when I called Dave from Serge's office, he was out. It was late by now so I had to find a

hotel. Serge told his driver to take me to a hotel in the Bronx. As soon as I got out of the car, two policemen in a police car stopped me and asked what I was doing in the district区域 as it was dangerous at night. And at the reception接待 desk, when I explained that I was on my own, they didn't want to give me a room. Matt So what did you do?

Caroline Well, I had to wait at reception until the school in Albany, where I was going to work, sent an email.

When the hotel knew what I was doing in the States, I got a room. Part 2

Caroline Well, in the end I got in touch with Dave and spent the next few nights with his family. But it was cold,

and a freezing cold wind was blowing all the time. Matt But it all went better for you after that?

Caroline Well, yes, until one morning I decided to go for a walk. I was really enjoying the fresh air, when I

realized that I was lost. Then I found a street, which looked like the one the fiat was on ... but then I found another one, and another one.

Matt Oh no! You must have been very frightened!

Caroline Well, I was. I couldn't remember the address of the flat. It was freezing cold, minus 12 degrees. I was

standing by the side of the road, praying that Dave would . send out a search party when suddenly a car stopped, and the driver said, \I was so relieved. Within a couple of minutes I was drinking tea with

Dave and the driver back home. His name was Kevin and he was on his way to work. He wasn't a taxi driver at all.

Matt Was he a friend of Dave's?

Caroline No, just someone who was going to work when he saw someone looking lost, I think. They can be very

friendly, the Americans. Part3

Caroline I then took the train to Albany. No one was waiting for me at the station, although the school where I was

working was going to send someone. I later learnt that the person didn't recognize me because I was wearing a thick coat and a warm hat. So I took a taxi to the school, where I met one of the other teachers, Rebecca. She invited me to stay with her. She lived in a fiat near the school, which she was sharing with three other people. I didn't have much money, because I hadn't been paid yet, and I wasn't living on the school campus, so I tried to find some cheap food in the evenings. There was an old man selling hot dogs on a street corner. By the end of the first week, he greeted me and had a hot dog and coffee ready for me. Ah, it was an amazing experience.

Passage 2

There was this man, and he's riding his bike along the road, heading towards the border between Mexico and the United States. So he comes up to the border, and this guard stops him. And he points to two sacks the man has on his shoulders.

\\

So the guard says, \

So the man on the bike did as he was told, emptied the sacks, and poured the sand on the ground.

\sacks, puts them on his shoulders and goes across the border.

Anyway, two weeks later, the man on the bike turns up at the border again, on his bike with two sacks on his shoulders.

So the guard says, \in the sacks?\The man takes them off his shoulders, pours the sand onto the ground, puts the sand back in the sacks, puts the sacks on his shoulders, gets back on his bike and goes across the border.

This goes on every week for six months, man on the bike, guard at the border, sacks on the man's shoulders, sand on the ground, sand back in the sacks, man across the border ... until one day the man on the bike with the sand bags doesn't turn up.

A few days later, the guard happens to meet the man on the bike downtown. \crazy,\is it you were smuggling?\

The man on the bike says, \

Passage 3

Speaker 1 I don't know if I've told you, but apparently this is a true story. There's this small airline somewhere in

New Zealand, I think, and it uses planes that carry about seven or eight passengers. So you sit just behind the pilot and get a really good view. Speaker 2 Yeah, I get the picture.

Speaker 1 Anyway, the passengers are told to board the plane, and they climb in, you know, not much room. And

they sit there waiting. A few minutes later the last passenger, a really cool-looking guy, turns up and takes his seat, and they all wait for the pilot to arrive and take off. And they wait. And they wait some more. And they're still waiting, not long, you know, a few minutes, but just enough to make them wonder where the pilot is. Then the cool-looking guy at the back starts looking at his watch, and saying, \to be late.\my appointment.\going to wait any longer, if we don't have a pilot, I'm going to take off and fly this plane myself. Speaker 2 What?

Speaker 1 Exactly, and everyone is going ... duh? What's happening? And this guy gets into the pilot seat, turns on

the engine, starts heading for the runway ... and takes off. Speaker 2 I don't believe it!

Speaker 1 Yeah, well nor did the passengers. But the funny thing is ... Speaker 2 What?

Speaker 1 Apparently, the cool-looking guy really is the pilot. He plays the same trick on passengers fairly often

because he gets bored with doing the same flight every day.

Unit 9 Body and mind Listening in Passage 1

In 1812 a young man called James Barry finished his studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. After graduating he moved to London where he studied surgery at Guy's Hospital. After that, the popular young doctor joined the army and over the next 40 years had a brilliant career as an army medical officer, working in many far off countries and fighting successfully for improved conditions in hospitals. It was a remarkable career - made even more remarkable by the discovery upon his death that James Barry had kept an extraordinary secret.

Barry was a pleasant and good-humoured person with high cheek bones, red hair, a long nose and large eyes. He was well-liked by his patients and had a reputation for great speed at surgery — an important quality at a time when operations were performed without anaesthetic. He was also quick-tempered. When he was working in army hospitals and prisons overseas, the terrible conditions often made him very angry. He fought hard against injustice and cruelty and his temper sometimes got him into trouble with the authorities. After a long career overseas he returned to London where he died in 1865.

So was this the end of the story? Not quite. When they were preparing his body for his funeral, they discovered James Barry's secret. HE was in fact a SHE. James Barry was a woman.

No one was more surprised at this discovery than her many friends and colleagues. It was true that throughout her life people had remarked on her small size, slight build and smooth pale face. One officer had even objected to her appointment as a medical assistant because he couldn't believe that Barry was old enough to have graduated in medicine. But no one seriously suggested that Barry was anything other than a man.

So why did James Barry deceive people for so long? At that time, a woman couldn't study medicine, work as a doctor or join the army. Perhaps Barry had always wanted to do these things and pretending to be a man was the only way to make it possible. Perhaps she was going to tell the truth one day, but didn't because she was enjoying her life as a man too much. By the time it was discovered that she was the first woman in Britain to have qualified as a doctor, it was too late for the authorities to do anything about it.

Passage 2

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