动名词和分词

动名词和分词 一 动名词的形式和特征

动名词由动词原形加词尾ing构成,与现在分词形式相同。

动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子做主语和宾语等；同时还保留着一点动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 二 动名词的用法 1 做主语

1) Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. 2) Taking is easier than doing.

下面句型中的it是形式主语，动名词短语是真正主语 1）It’s no use talking about it.

2）I don’t think it’s much good writing to him. 2 做宾语

1）It’s cold here. Would you mind closing the window? 肯定回答 Certainly not或 of course not

2）At the age of twelve, Edison began selling newspapers on a train. 3）Please stop talking. 4）He enjoys listening to me. 5）Thank you for helping me. 3 做表语

1）My job is teaching you English. 2）Seeing is believing.

1

4 做定语

1）There is a swimming pool in our school. 2）The cave was a good hiding-place for Crusoe.

动名词和现在分词作定语的区别：动名词和现在分词在形式上完全不同，都可以做定语。动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名称的用途,而不是动作。现在分词做定语时，表示它所修饰的名称正在进行的动作。试比较：

1）a sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) 一辆卧车；一节卧铺车厢。这里的sleeping是动名词作定语，修饰car，说明car是作睡觉用的。 2）a sleeping child(= a child who is sleeping)

这里的sleeping 是现在分词作定语，修饰child，说明child 正在睡觉。 翻译下面的句子

1 1）drinking water 2）a sleeping car 3）a swimming fool 4）building materials 5）a hiding-place 6）a dancing hall 7）climbing boots 8）a waiting room 2 Excuse me for coming late.

3 Would you mind repeating the sentence? 4 Seeing the picture, he could not help laughing. 5 It is no use talking like this. 6 We all like swimming and skating.

7Have you finished writing your composition?

2

9 The ant queen’s full-time job is laying eggs. Do you remember giving me this photo?

三 动名词的完成式 由“having+过去分词”构成。表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

1）He doesn’t remember having ever promised me that. 2）She regretted having missed the film. 四 动名词的被动式 由“being+动名词构成。 1）I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child. 2）He came in without being asked.

五 动名词的否定形式 由not+动名词构成

1）The girl made her mother angry by not taking her medicine. 2) I regret not being able to help you.

六 动名词的复合结构 由物主代词或名词所有格加动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语。

1）Do you mind my closing the window?

2）The student’s knowing English well helping him in learning French. 3) I remember Wei Fang’s going there.

注：在口语和非正式的英语中，这种结构如不在句首时常用人称代词宾格代替物主动词，用名词普通格代替所有格。 1）They don’t like me coming here. 2）I remember Wei Fang going there. 用动词的正确时态填空

3

1 She wishes (start, learn) the piano soon.

2 The door finally said, why not try (do)exercises (close)weight. 3 She could not thank him enough for (do) his best (teach) her.

4 They agreed (stop, quarrel) with each other. 5 We saw her (try, do) the experiment again. 6 She hates (get) up early (go) to school.

7 I want you (try, solve) the problem all by yourself. 8 She has no time (finish, write) this letter. 分词

分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以有宾语或状语。分词和宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。 一 现在分词

现在分词由动词原形加词尾ing构成。现在分词由一般式和完成式,及物动词的现在分词由主动语态和被动语态。其形式如下：

一般式 现在分词 完成式 Having done having been done 主动形式 doing 被动语态 being done 1 现在分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时

4

进行，而完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了。

1）He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 2）Having finished their work, they had a rest.

2 现在分词的被动语态 也分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式表示一个被动动作同时进行。完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已经完成了。

1）The large building being built(= which is being built) down the street will be a hospital.

2）Having been shown the labs, we were taken to see the library. 现在分词的用法。 （1）作定语

1）Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick. 2）The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. 3）There were a lot of boys in the field playing football. （2）作表语

1) The story sounds interesting.

2) The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. （3）作宾语补足语

分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有： see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。 1）We heard her singing in her room.

5

2）We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注1：上述句子也可以变为被动形式。如： Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.

注2：复合宾语中用现在分词和用不定式意义稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了，指事物的全过程；分词则表示动作正在进行。 1）I saw her come in .我看见她进来了。（说明进来了这件事） 2）I saw her coming in .我看见她走进来（说明她进来时的情景） （4）作状语

1）She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.(伴随情况或方式) 2）Being ill (As he was ill), he went home.(原因)

3）One day, walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot.(时间) 翻译下面的句子

1 1）the working people 2）an exciting story 3）living things 4）the rising sun 5）smiling faces 6）disappointing news 7）a south-facing window 8）the rolling stones 9）a flying kite 10）the coming week 2 who is the man wandering up and down the road?

3 When you hang(悬挂) wet clothes near a fire, you will see steam rising from them.

4 Having heard this, the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.

6

5 Not knowing much English, he got out his dictionary and looked up that expression.

6 He saw people coming and going.

7 While walking along the shore, she met a friend of hers. 8 They kept me waiting for a long time.

9 Turning to the left, he suddenly found the tailor’s shop he was looking for.

10 They went out of the hall, talking and laughing. 用现在分词改写下面的句子。

1 Most of the assistants who are working in this shop are young people. → Most of the assistants working in this shop are young people. 2 Wei Fang sat at the desk and wrote an article in English. →Wei Fang sat at the desk, writing an article in English. 3 The girl who is working at the loom is my sister. → The girl working at the loom is my sister.

4 As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. → Being a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. 5 The sun shines brightly in the sky and gives us light and heat. →The sun shines brightly in the sky, giving us light and heat. 6 The ladies who are measuring the cloth are weavers. →The ladies measuring the cloth are weavers. 7 When he heard this he got terrified.

7

→ Hearing this, he got terrified. 8 After she lit a candle she went out. → Having lit a candle , she went out.

9 Because he did not know how to dye the silk red, he went to her for help.

→ Not knowing how to dye the silk red, he went to her for help. 10 White she was wandering through the street, the old woman met a PLA man.

→ While wandering through the street, the old woman met a PLA man. 二 过去分词 用法如下:

1 作定语 和过去分词作定语的用法相同。作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面；如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面。

1）A broken cup is lying on the ground. 2）This is one of the factories built in the 1960s. 2作表语

1) The cup is broken.

2) He was terrified at seeing this. 3 作宾语补足语

1) He’s going to have his hair cut. 2) I must get my bike repaired.

8

3) If you watch long enough, you will see many problems settled among the ants by this tap-talking with the feelers. 4作状语

1) The trainer(训练者) appeared, followed by six little dogs. 2) Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

3) Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 三 分词的否定形式（由not +分词构成） 1）Not knowing how to do it, he asked me for help. 2）Not having received an answer, I wrote again. 四 现在分词与过去分词的区别

1 语态上不同：现在分词表示主动，而及物动词的过去分词则表示被动。

1）Who is the girl speaking to our English teacher? What is the language spoken in Australia? 2) I saw her opening the door. I saw the door opened.

2 动词在进行中或已完成的不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 1）the changing world the changed world 2）the rising sun The risen sun

9

翻译下面句子

1 1）a dried up river 2）a broken piece of glass 3）the changed conditions 4）the excited children 5）spoken English 6）written exercise 7）a lost child 8）fallen leaves

2 Led by the party, the people have improved their living conditions greatly. 在党的领导下，人民的生活已经大大的改善了。

3 These are the bricks made by their factory. 这些是他们厂生产的砖。 4 The young woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistant. 哪位年轻的女科学家走进实验室，后面跟着她的助手们。

5 Inspired by her example, the league members worked even harder and gathered in all the wheat just before the heavy rain.

在她的榜样的鼓舞下，共青团们干的更起劲了，就在大雨到来之前，把所有的麦子都收进来了。

6 I had all the sensors(传感器) repaired yesterday.昨天我请人修理的所有的传感器。

7 Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。

8 Some of the land became covered with water.有些土地被水淹了。 9 He likes to read books written by Lu Xun. 他喜欢读鲁迅的书。 10 The maps stolen by the captain were found hidden in a book. 上尉偷的地图被发现藏在一本书里。

10

用分词完成下面的句子。

1The professor giving us the talk (给我们讲话的)is from Bei Jing University.

2 The object put in the box,(放在盒子里的)is a fan made in feather (羽毛做的)

3 Hearing the news（听到这个消息）,they jumped up and down with great joy.

4 Did you watch Xiao Liu milking the cow (挤牛奶) this morning? 5 If heated（加热）to a high temperature, water will change to vapor. 6 Charlie is going to have his trousers repaired (补裤子)。 7 Having fed the chickens（喂完了鸡），the girls went out to play. 8The visitor came in, followed by a group of young people (后面跟着一群人).

9 This is the bridge built hundreds of years ago (几百年前造的). 10 The child came to his mother, running and jumping (跑着挑着).

11

用分词完成下面的句子。

1The professor giving us the talk (给我们讲话的)is from Bei Jing University.

2 The object put in the box,(放在盒子里的)is a fan made in feather (羽毛做的)

3 Hearing the news（听到这个消息）,they jumped up and down with great joy.

4 Did you watch Xiao Liu milking the cow (挤牛奶) this morning? 5 If heated（加热）to a high temperature, water will change to vapor. 6 Charlie is going to have his trousers repaired (补裤子)。 7 Having fed the chickens（喂完了鸡），the girls went out to play. 8The visitor came in, followed by a group of young people (后面跟着一群人).

9 This is the bridge built hundreds of years ago (几百年前造的). 10 The child came to his mother, running and jumping (跑着挑着).

11

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/4bso.html