山东省成人高等教育学士学位英语考试复习指导

目 录

第一部分 山东省成人高等教育学士学位英语考试大纲（试行）及样题……2 第二部分 试题题型分析及应试技巧… ………………………………… 14

一、 阅读理解… ……………………………………………………… 14

二、 词汇与语法结构…………………………………………………………24

三、 完形填空…………………………………………………………………51

四、 汉译英……………………………………………………………………53

五、 写作………………………………………………………………………58 第三部分 单项训练………………………………………………………………67

一、 阅读理解练习……………………………………………………………67

二、 词汇和语法练习…………………………………………………………105

三、 完形填空练习……………………………………………………………143

四、 汉译英练习………………………………………………………………150

五、 写作练习…………………………………………………………………152 第四部分 模拟试题………………………………………………………………155 Test One………………………………………………………………………155 Test Two………………………………………………………………………164 Test Three……………………………………………………………………172 参考答案……………………………………………………………………………180

第一部分

山东省成人高等教育学士学位

英语考试大纲 (试行) 及样题

一、 山东省成人高等教育学士学位

英语考试大纲(试行)

总则

二、 为了客观地评价我省成人高等教育（非英语专业）学员的英语水平，有效地调动学生学

习英语的积极性，提高学生的英语水平，从而保证成人教育本科毕业生学士学位的授予质量，根据教育部《大学英语课程教学要求（试行）》的要求、结合我省英语教学的现状和成人高等教育的特点以及社会对学生英语能力的实际要求，制定本考试大纲。 本考试的难度界定在大学英语三级的水平，是一种标准化考试。为保证试卷的信度，除短文写作部分是主观性试题外，其余试题全部客观性的多项选择题形式。短文写作部分的目的是考核考生运用语言的能力，从而提高试卷的效度。

（一） 评价目标

本考试采用水平测试的方法，指在考察学生的基本英语综合应用能力，包括一定的听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语比较有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力、提高综合文化素养，以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要，并为进一步提高英语水平打下较好的基础。具体要求如下：

（二） 词汇

应掌握 3500 个左右的英语单词，正确熟练使用由这些单词构成的常用搭配，并具备用构词法知识识别生词的能力。

（三） 语法知识

掌握主谓一致关系，表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等句型，直接引语和间接引语的用法，动词不定式和分词的用法，各种时态、主动语态、被动语态等基本的语法知识，并注重在语篇层面上运用语法知识的能力。

1. 阅读能力

2. 考生应该能够综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能理解书面英语，能以每分钟 60 词的速度阅读各种题材（包括社会生活、人物传记、科普、史地、政治、经济等）和体裁（包括议论文、记叙文、说明文、应用文等）的文字材料。阅读材料的生词量不超过３％，对于超出全日制教学大纲词汇表一至三级词汇表范围的词，用汉语注明词义。应试人员能够：

3. 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;

4. 了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节;

5. 根据上下文判断某些生词或短语的意义;

6. 理解单词的意义和上下句之间的逻辑关系;

（四）根据所读的材料进行一定的判断、推理；

领会作者的观点和态度。

三、 写作能力

能在 30 分钟内写出长度为 100 个单词的短文，内容切题，语句连贯，条理清楚，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。

考试内容

本考试包括五个部分：阅读理解、词语用法与语法结构、完型填空、汉译英、短文写作。全部题目按顺序统一编号。

1． 第一部分：阅读理解（分开我阅读理解）:共 20 题，考试时间 35 分钟。本部分

要求考生阅读 4 篇英文短文，总阅读量不超过 1000 词。每篇短文后有 5 个问题。考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

2． 本部分选材的原则是：

3． 题材广泛，包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识等，其中所涉及的背景知识均

在考生能理解的范围之内；体裁多样，包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；

1． 文章的语言难度适中，超出考生应掌握的词汇范围的词，用汉语注明词义。

2． 本部分主要测试以下能力：

3． 掌握所读材料的主指和大意；

4． 了解说明主指和大意的事实和细节；

既能理解字面意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推理；

既能理解个别句子的意思，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系。

本部分的目的是测试考生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定的速度。 第二部分：词语用法和语法结构（部份 2 字汇 &构成）:共 40 题，考试时间 30 分钟。题目中 60% 为词和短语的用法， 40% 为语法结构。要求考生从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。

本部分的目的是测试考生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。

第三部分：完型填空（部份 3 关）:共 10 题，考试时间 10 分钟。在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约 200 词）中留有 10 个空白，每个空白为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。填空的词项包括结构词和实义词。

本部分的目的是测试考生综合运用语言的能力。

第四部分：汉译英（部份 4 翻译）:共 5 题，考试时间是 15 分钟。给出 5 个汉语句子，要求考生翻译成英语，所译英语表达清楚，句子结构和用词正确。

本部分指在考察考生掌握汉英翻译的方法技巧、语言翻译能力以及汉英翻译所必备的语言文化知识。

第五部分：写作（部份 V 写作）:共 1 题，考试时间为 30 分钟。要求考生根据题目规定写出一篇 100 词左右的短文。试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或给出段首句，或给出提纲。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。

四、 本部分的目的是测试考生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。

答题及计分方法

客观性试题用机器阅卷，要求考生从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上（答案纸）上该题的相应字母中间用铅笔划一条横线。试卷（测试纸）不能做任何记号。每题只能选择一个答案，多选作答错处理。主观性试题（短文写作），写在作文纸上，按科学的评分标准评分。试卷各部分计分采用加权的方法，折算成百分制，以 60 分为及格标准。试卷五个部分的题目、计分和考试

山东省成人高等教育学士学位

英语考试样题

样品测试

分开我阅读理解(35 分钟,40 点)

方向: 那里是四在这个部份中读通道. 每个通道被一些问题或未完成的陈述跟随. 因为每个他们有

被作记号的四选择一), B),C)和 D). After you read a passage you should decide on

the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with

a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

A fire drill(操练) is ,to put it mildly(略微地,适度地), an inconvenient(不方便的) exercise at the best of times. A fire drill at 2:00 in the morning in terrible weather conditions, like the one we had on Thursday night and Friday morning last, is incomparably more inconvenient. This is why writing this note to thank you all most sincerely(真诚地) for your excellent co-operation and the spirit with which you endured(忍受,忍耐) the inconvenience.(打扰)

A fire drill is not an idle (空闲的,懒散的)exercise. It is an extremely (极其,非常)serious(严重的,严肃的) one and can, in fact, save lives in the long run. Last week’ fire drill has already reyealed a number of important things regarding fire precautions(预防,警惕) in the Hall. For instance(例子), there seem to exit(出口) a number of “deaf (聋的)spots” in the Hall, namely(即,也就是), the two rooms in Purser House and some rooms in the Bottom corridor(走廊). I have no reason to doubt(怀疑,疑问)that residents (居民)from these areas could not hear the alarm(惊恐,忧虑,警报). I shall request an immediate examination of this problem.

I should, also, remind (使想起)you that it is a requirement that fire drills should be regularly(有规律地) carried out(at least two in every one year)and each resident should be made fully aware(知道的,意识到的) of this and obliged(强迫,迫使) to take part. All residents must take fire precautions(预防,警惕) with the seriousness they deserve. (应受,值得).Failure to do so can result bin fines and expulsion(驱逐)from the Hall. Thank you again for your co-operation.

1. The last fire drill caused much more inconvenience (打扰)because_________.

A) it was in bad weather B) there were “deaf spots”

C) a big fire started D) it was at the weekend

2. The phrase “in the long run”(L.2,Part.2)means_________.

A)effectively B) endlessly C) eventually(终于,最后) D) efficiently

3. Some people did not make their appearance(出现,来到,外观) at the last drill because_______.

A) they were deaf (聋的) B)they could not hear the alarm

C) nobody waked them up D) they refused to leave their rooms

4. Afire drill is extremely(极其,非常) important according to the writer for_________.

A) it is a good physical exercise B) it cultivates (培养) people’s endurance(耐久力,持久力)

C) it is a legal requirement D) it can save lives in case of a fire

5. Which of the following was NOT stated (规定的)by the author?

A) A fire drill is very important and useful.

B) The last fire drill received inactive co-operation from the residents.

C) Those who do not take fire precautions (预防,警惕)will be fined and driven out.

D) It has been made a rule that fire drills will be performed(行动) regularly.(有规律的)

Passage Two

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage

Accidents(事故,意外的事) are caused; they don’t just happen. The reason may be easy to see: a shelf(架子) out of reach, a patch (补丁,小块土地)of ice on the misfortune(不幸,灾祸,灾难)—frustration(挫折,灰心丧气), tiredness (疲劳的,累的)or just bad temper(脾气)—that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack(进攻,攻击) on oneself.

Road accidents, for example, happen frequently(经常地,屡次地) after a family quarrel( 争吵), and we all know people who are accident-prone(有 .倾向的), so often at odds(困难) with themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.

By definition(定义,解说), an accident is something you can not predict(预言,预告,预测) or avoid(避免,回避,躲开), and the idea which used to be current(当前的,通用的), that the majority (多数,大多数)of road accidents are caused by a minority(少数) of criminally careless(粗心的) drivers, is not supported by insurance(保险,保险费) statistics(统计,统计数字). These show that most accidents involve(使卷入,牵涉) ordinary (普通的)motorists(开汽车的人) in a moments of carelessness(粗心) or thoughtlessness.(欠考虑的,自私的)

It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions(条件,状况) make people more likely(可能的,很可能) to have an accident. For instance(例子,实例,事例), the law requires(需要,要求) all factories to take safety precautions and most companies(公司) have safety committees(委员会,全体委员) to make sure the regulations (规则,规章,管理)are observed(观察), but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are injured (伤害,损害,损伤)from work due(由于,应归于) to accidents. These accidents are largely the result of human error (错误,差错)or misjudgment—noise and fatigue(疲劳,劳累), boredom(烦恼,无聊) or worry are possible factors (因素)which contribute(有助于 .,促成) to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety(焦虑,忧虑,渴望) level, run three times the normal risk (风险,危险,冒险)of accidents at work.

6. The passage suggests that________.

A) Accidents are usually caused by psychological(心理的,心理学的) factors.

B) Accidents mostly result(是由 .造成的) from slippery(滑的,使人滑跤的) roads.

C) Drinkers run three times the normal risk of accidents in factories.

D) About 50 000people lose their lives at work in Britain every day.

7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned(提到,说起) as a factor of accidents?

A) Mood. (心情,情绪,语气) B) Tiredness.(疲劳的,累的) C) Carelessness (粗心) D) Weather

8. The word “accidents-prone”(L.2 Para.2)means________.

A) likely to have accidents B) injured in accidents

C) possible to die in accidents D) responsible(有责任的,负责的) for road

accidents

9. What can we infer(推论,推断,猜想) about the author’ opinion (意见,看法)of accidents?

A) Safety precautions(预防,警惕) are of little use in accidents.

B) Many accidents can and should be avoided.(避免)

C) Factory accidents , unlike (不像,和 .不同)road accidents, are inevitable(不

可避免的).

D) Most road accidents are caused by just a few careless(粗心的) drivers.

10. The best title for the passage would be __________.

A) Accidents and Anxiety(焦虑,忧虑,渴望)

B) How to Deal with Accidents on Road and in Factories

C) Human Factors in Accidents

D) How to Prevent(防止,阻止) Accidents on Road and in Factories

Passage Three

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

Is language, like food, a basic human need? Judging from the result of the violent experiment by a German King, Frederick II, in the 13th century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants(婴儿) died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation(剥夺,丧失) here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity(能力,容量) to survive(幸免于,活下来) is seriously affected.

Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick II. Nevertheless(然而,仍然), some children are still backward(向后的,向后) in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive (不敏感的)to the signals(信号) of the infant, whose brain(脑力,智能) is programmed to map up language rapidly. There are critical(紧要的,关键性的) times, it seems, when children learn more readily. If these sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的) periods are neglected(忽略,忽视), the ideal time for acquiring(取得,获得,学到) language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.

Linguists(语言学家)suggest that speech stages(阶段) are reached in a fixed sequence(连续,继续) and at a constant(经常的) age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually(终于,最后) turns out to be of high IQ.

Recent evidence(根据) suggests that an infant is born with the capacity(能力) to speak. What is special about Man’s brain(脑力,智能) compared(比较,对照) with that of the monkey, is the complex (复杂的)system which enables(使能够,使可能) a child to connect the sight and feel of , say, a teddy-bear(玩具熊)with the sound pattern (式样)“teddy-bear”.

But speech has to be stimulated(刺激,激发), and this depends on interaction (相互作用,干扰)between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals(信号) in the child’s babbling(牙牙学语), grasping(贪心的,贪婪的), crying, smiling, and responds(响应) to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls(枯燥的,不鲜明的) the interaction because the child gets discouraged (泄气的)and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity(敏感) to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential(必要的) to the growth and development language.

11. Frederick II’s experiment was violent because_________.

A) he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speak

B)he ignored the importance of mothering to the infant

C) he was unkind to the nurse

D) he wanted his nurses to say no mother tongue

12. The reason some children are backward in speaking today that_________.

A) their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak

B) their mothers are not intelligent(聪明的,理智的) enough to help them

C) they do not listen carefully to their mothers

D) their brains have to absorb(吸收) too much language at once.

13. By “critical(紧要的,关键性的) times” in Paragraph 3 the author means__________.

A) difficult periods in the child’s life

B) moments when the child becomes critical to its mother

C) important stages(阶段) in the child’s development

D) times when mothers often neglect(忽视,忽略,疏忽) their children

14. Which of the following in NOT implied in the passage?

A) Ability to learn to speak a language is inborn(天生的,天赋的) in man

B) Children do not need to be encouraged to learn to speak

C) Early language starters are not necessarily highly intelligent

D) Most children learn their language in definite(明确的,肯定的) stages

15. If the mother does not respond to her child’s signals_________.

A) the child will never be able to speak properly(适当地,彻底地)

B) the child will stop giving out signals

C) the child will invent a language of his own

D) the child will make little effort(努力) to speak

Passage Four

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Americans who remember “the good old days” are not alone in complaining (抱怨)about the educational system in this country. Immigrants(移民) complain ,too. Lately a German friend was filled (装满)with anger when he learned that the mathematics(数学) test given to his son on his first day as a college freshman included multiplication and division. Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels, generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here.

But I wonder: If American education is so poor, why is it that this is still the country of innovation(创新)?

When I was 12 in Indonesia, I had to memorize the name of all the world’s major cities, from Kabul to Karachi. At the same age, my son, who was brought up by a Californian, thought that Buenos Aires was Spanish for good food. However, unlike children of his age in Asia and Europe, my son had studied creative geography. When he was only 6, he drew a map of the route that he traveled to get to school, including the streets, the traffic signs and the houses that he passed.

Dissatisfied American parents forget that in this country their children are able to experiment freely with ideas; without this they will not really be able to think or to believe in themselves.

Critics of American education cannot grasp one thing: freedom. America, I think, is the only country that extends even to children the license to freely speak, write and be creative. Our public education certainly is not perfect, but it is a great deal better than any other. I think I have found the answer to my question.

16. From the text we learn that_________.

A) both Americans and immigrants are dissatisfied with the quality of American

education

B) the author shares the general idea that American education is worse than education in many other countries

C) Japanese schools in America require their American teachers to teach mathematics at Japanese levels

D) the author’s German friend was a little displeased because the mathematics test for his son was too easy.

17. Which of the following is NOT true?

A) The author most probably was an immigrant from Asia and received some school education there.

B) Buenos Aires must be the name of a city, as are Kabul and Karachi.

C) Children in other countries are not likely to learn creative geography.

D) The knowledge of geography of the author’s son shows that American education is poor.

18. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A) If children are not allowed to experiment freely with ideas they won’t grow up independent and creative.

B) Most Americans think the present American educational system is not as good as it used to be.

C) Private schools run by Japanese businessmen maintain a higher level than American public schools.

D) Americans are more innovative than other people in the world.

19. In the last paragraph the author says, “I have found the answer to my question.” What is the question?

A) Is Japanese education better than American education?

B) Why do Japanese businessmen send their children to Japanese-staffed schools?

C) Why was my son not taught enough geographic knowledge?

D) Is American education really worse than education in other countries?

20. What would be the best title for this passage?

A) American Education and Education in Foreign countries

B) Improvement Needed for American Education

C) Freedom to Think— Characteristic of American Education

D) Education and Innovation in American

1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C

11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. C

Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are

four choices marked A), B), C), D). Choose the one answer that best completes the

sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single

line through the center.

21. Don’t leave your bicycle out in the rain. It’ll get________.

不要把车子放在雨中，它会生锈的

A) rusty (生锈的) B) crude (简陋的,天然的) C) rough(粗糙的) D) tough (强硬的,粗暴的)

22. I_______ to him for the error.

因为这个错误，我向他道歉

A) excused (原谅) B) apologized (道歉) C) pardoned (原谅) D) congratulated(祝贺)

23. It’s _______ to ask Mr. Blake for help.

向BLAKE求助是不可能的事

A) out question B) beyond(毫无疑问,无可争辩) question

C) out of question（固定搭配） D) in question

24. Hardly ________ home when the telephone rang.

我一到家电话铃就响了（hardly had sb.done when,倒装）

A) I got B) did I get C) I had got D) had I got

25. ________his not arriving ,the meeting will be put off to next week.

如果他没来，会议将会推迟到下周

A) At the event of B) For the event with

C) In the event of （如果）固定搭配 D) To the event of

26. It’s getting rather late. It’s time we________.

已经这么晚了，我们该走了。（It’s time sb.did sth.=It’s time to do sth.）

A) are going B) went C) go D) must go

27. I_________ you everything’s going to be all right.

我向你保证会一切顺利的

A) insure （投保，保险） B) assure（向 保证）C) ensure(确保) D) sure(确信)

28. Auctioned(拍卖的)goods are sold for the highest price________.

拍卖的物品卖了出示的最高价(这句话省略了by sb.)

A) made B) taken C) offered（提供） D) ordered

29. The colors of that coat and hat don’t __________.

外套和帽子的颜色不搭配

A) suit（适合）（若当协调讲须与TO连用） B) mix (混合) C) match（相称，配合）

D) imitate(模仿,学样)

30. Our whole class went to attend the conference(会议,讨论会) yesterday, so_______ what happened on the campus.(校园,学校场地)

昨天我们整个班级都去参加了那个会议，所以我们没人知道校园里发生了什么

A) all of us don’t know B) none of us know

C) all we don not know D) we all don’t know

（从语法上讲都对，考的是一种外语的习惯表达方式。用一种肯定的句法表示否定的意思，用一个带有否定意味的戾NONE来表达它否定的意思）

31. Although _________ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction(科

幻小说), it could occur (发生,出现,存在)elsewhere in the world.

虽然在那个发达国家发生的事情听起来像科幻一样，但它在世界其它地方也能发生。

A) this B) how C) what （只有此词才能引导主语从句） D) it

32. I sympathize(同情,同感,共鸣) with Women’s Liberation Movement(解放运动) only ________ a certain extent.(某种程度)

我同情妇女解放运动只能到某一固定程度

A) at B)with C) to（表达到某一程度只能用TO） D) in

33. The officer(军官) gave an order that everyone _________ back before dark.

长官命令每个人必须在天黑前返回。

（order后面省略should,它是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原型。类似的词还有：suggest,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,urge,rule,require,recommend,moue,maintain,decide,ask,agree,advise等，还有N：

advice,command,agreement,decision,demand,desire,motion,proposal,recommendatiom,request,requirement,suggestion,idea,order,plan,policy,wish ）

A) get B) would get C) had to get D) must get

34. This year summer time came into ________ on the 12th of April.

今年4月12号夏天就来临了（come into effect 是固定短语，有“生效”的意思）

A) effect (结果,影响,效果) B) efficiency (效率,功效,效能) C) use D) practice

35. Mr. White was told again and again to ________ smoking, but he just wouldn’t listen. Mr.White被一次次地告知少吸烟，但他就是不听

A) cut through(cut sth.through sth.开出一条路 B) cut down on（减少某事物的数额，减少消耗） C) cut off （切下，切断） D) cut away（无此搭配）

36. The Greyhound_________ outside of New York Bus Station at 6 p.m. and started for Washington D.C. at 6:20 p.m.

快轮在下午六点停靠在纽约汽车站外，下午六点二十分驶住伦敦

A) pulled up （停） B) pulled out（驶出） C) pulled down （拆毁） D) pulled on （穿上，戴上）

37. Can you give me another hint without ________ the answer?

你可以在不给出答案的情况下给我另一个暗示吗？

A) giving off （发出，散出） B) giving up C) giving away （捐献，给出）

D) giving in（交上）

38. Columbus was ________ his times in his belief that the earth was round.

哥伦布最先在他们的信念中承认地球是圆的

A) in front of B) before C) in advance of D) ahead of（ahead of one’s time是固定搭配，思想比同时代的人先进，跑在时代前头）

39. After all, all living creatures(生物,动物) live by feeding on something else, whether it _______ plant or animal, dead or alive.

毕竟，所有活着的生物都以其它生物为生，不管它是植物还是动物，死的还是活的

A) is B) would be C) was D) to go

40. The pilot （飞行员）felt something ______ wrong with the engine（发动机） just before the plane took off.

飞机起飞前，飞行员感到发动机有点问题。(此处用动词原型，和see sb do sth.一个道理。See sb do sth.是看到某人干完某事。See sb. Doing是看到某人正干某事)

A) go B) was going C) goes D) to go

41. — You were brave（勇敢的） enough to raise objections at（反对） the meeting. — Well, now I regret _________ that.

你真是够勇敢，能在会上提出异议。唉，我现在已经后悔那样做了。

（regret doing sth.后悔已干过的事。Regret to do sth.后悔要干的事。）

A) having done B) to be doing C) to have done D) to do

42. ______ that they’re young and inexperienced（不熟练的，外行的）, they’ve done quite a good job.

考虑到他们年轻又没有经验，他们做得够好了。

A) Being B) Given（此处作介词用，意为鉴于，考虑到） C) Provided

D) Now

43. _______ is announced in the papers, a nation-wide sports meeting will be held in the city next month.

正如在文中提到的，一个多民族运动会下月将在本城市举行

A) Because B) For C) As （只有它可放在主语位臵，引导一个主语从句） D) So

44. Being much too fat, Maria was advised （建议，劝告）to reduce（减少） her food for each

meal, yet, she would _______ that.

因为太胖，她被建议减少每餐餐量，然而她并没照做

A) have none of B) accept （接受） C) take care for （无此搭配，应为OF） D)

listen to（听从）

45. In my opinion, he’s ________ imaginative （富于想象的）of all the contemporary(同时

代的)poets.

依我之见，他是迄今为止同时代作家中最具想象力的

A) quite the most B) by far the most

C) very the most D) rather the most

46. Never before _________ so highly successful in his attempts to modify the weather on

a very small scale.

人类以前从没在在上试图改变天气方面取得这么大的成功(倒装)

A) man has been B) man is C) has man been D) will be man

47. With flowers and trees ________ everywhere, the city took on a new look.

到处都种上了花和树,城市呈现出了一片新的景象.(被动)

A) to be planted B) being planted C) planting D) planted

48. — John wants to see you today.

— I would rather he _______ tomorrow than today.

JOHN今天想见你. 我宁愿他明天来而不是今天.(wonuld rather did sth. 宁愿干某事)

A) comes B) came C) should come D) has come

49. It was suggested that this problem _________ at the next meeting.

据提议，这个问题留到一次会议讨论。（虚拟。省略了should）

A) was discussed B) will be discussed

C) would be discussed D) be discussed

50. Walter offered（提出，提供） us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _____,

so we didn’t accept the offer.

WALER 离开办公室时要我们搭他便车，但我们的工作还没完成，所以我们没接受。

（BUT是转折连词，它前面用的是一般过去式，后面也只能用一般过去式）

A) not being finished B) had not been finished

C) not having finished D) was not finished

51. What you said reminds（使想起） me ________ something I read a few days ago. 你说的话使我想起了几天前我读到的东西。（remind sb.of sth. 使某人想起某事）

A) for B) by C) from D) of

52. Another worry is that telecommunication（电信） systems may isolate（使隔离） people

____each other.

另一个忧虑是通讯系统会疏远人们之间的距离。（isolate from：从 中隔离）

A) from B) for C) with D) to

53. The smog （烟雾）is due _______ invisible （看不见的）gases（气体）, mostly from automobile

（汽车）exhaust.（用尽）

烟雾归因于看不见的气体大多数来自于汽车尾汽.(due to ：归因于。类似的还有owing to ,because

of )

A) from B) to C) for D) with

54. ________ is accepted as true is relatively（相对地，比较地）, and not absolutely（完

全地，绝对地）, true.

作为被接受的真实的情况是相对的，不是绝对的。（只有WHAT能作主语，引导主语从句）

A) It B) That C) What D) That it

55. There are many children and adolescents ______ behavior（行为，举止，态度） is generally

（通常） unacceptable .

有很多儿童和青少年的行为很难被人们接受。

A) their B) who C) whom D) whose

56. Edison failed （失败）_____ times before he succeeded in producing the first electric

lamp.（电灯）

爱迪生在成功地制造出第一只电灯泡之前失败了数千次。

A) thousand B) thousands C) a thousand of D) thousands of（数以千计）

57. Water ________ the digestive（助消化的） juices（汁，液） flow more freely and helps

to digest the food.

水能够使消化液自由地流动，帮助消化食物。

A) makes（使）B) causes（起因于。。） C) pushes D) turns（旋转）

58. The panic （恐慌，惊慌）attacks（攻击） may _______ for only a few minutes; some, however,

continue for several hours.

恐慌袭击可能会持续仅几分钟，然而也说不定会几小时。

A) happen B) begin C) last （表持续） D) end

59. Let us see how dictionaries are made and how the editors _________ definitions.（定

义）

让我们看看字典是怎样被编制以及编者是怎样答成一致的定义的。

A) head to B) arrive at C) reach for D) approach to

60. The nurse took ________ of my blood to test.

护士拿了我的血样去检测

A) an example（例子） B) an instance（例子） C) a case（案例）D) a sample（样本）

21. A 22.B 23.C 24. D 25.C 26.B 27. B 28.C 29.C 30.B

31. C 32.C 33.A 34.A 35.B 36.A 37.C 38.D 39.A 40.A

41.A 42.B 43.C 44.A 45.B 46.C 47.D 48.B 49.D 50.D

51.D 52.A 53.B 54.C 55.D 56.D 57.A 58.C 59.B 60.D

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four

choices marked A), B), C), and D) beneath the passage. You should choose the one

that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer

sheet with a single line through the center.

Japan is a small country with few natural resources. 61 this, Japanese productivity,（生产率，多产） the rate at which goods are produced, 62 more than eleven times in the past thirty years . Many people in the West wonder how the Japanese do it. The key 63 Japan’s success can be discovered by looking at some basic differences between Japanese and Western attitudes（态度，看法） towards works.

People in the west generally（获得） view work 64 a necessary evil（邪恶的）— one must give up part of one’s freedom to earn the money needed to live. To the Japanese, however, work is the central （主要的）interest of one’s life; it’s 65 that a Japanese establishes（建立） his identity.（身份）

A Japanese business firm is like a family, When an employee（雇员） joins a company, he expects to work for that company for the rest of his working life; 66 is anyone dismissed.（开除） Promotion（促进，提升） is based（以。。。。为基础） on the seniority system, the length of employment（雇用） 67 one’rank（军衔） in the company, Those at the bottom do not 68

chances for promotion because those at the top retire（引退） at a certain（某种，一定的） age 69 others may have their turn. In addition, the difference between the lowest and the highest salaries （薪水）is much less than 70 in the West.

61. A) Because of B) As for C) Although D) Despite

62. A) have increased B) has increased C) are increasing D) is increasing

63. A) to B) of C) for D) in

64. A) like B) for C) about D) as

65. A) this B) that C) here D) where

66. A) barely B) rarely C) occasionally D) frequently

67. A) determines B) has determined C) determiningz（决定，查明；决心） D) to determine

68. A) care about B) care for C) worry about D) concern with

69. A) in that B) such that C) for that D) so that

70. A) that B) those C) one D) ones

61.D 62.B 63.A 64.D 65.C 66.B 67.C 68.C 69.D 70.A

Directions: Put the following sentences into English.

71. 他通常在开车上班时顺路把孩子们接送到学校。

He usually drops the kids off at school on his way to work.

72. 如果没有了电，我们的世界就会和现在的完全不同。

If there were no electricity, our world would be entirely different from what it is.

73. 温度如此之高，消防队员不得不离开那座着火的房子。

The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the firing house

74. 当你在嬉戏玩乐时，时光就从你身边悄悄溜走。

Time steals away from you when you are having fun.

75. 我们被告知，在任何情况下我们都不能用办公室的电话谈私事。

We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for

personal affairs.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the

topic Health or Wealth. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and

are required to develop its idea in completing the paragraph. You should write

at least 100 words, not including the words given. You should write this

composition on the Answer Sheet.

Health or Wealth?

I prefer health to wealth if I have to choose between them. It is true that wealth makes life easier and more comfortable, but health is even more important. Only when one has good health can he pursue (追赶,进行)wealth (财富,财产)and happiness.

Wealth cannot be acquired(后天习得的) without health. As we know, to gain(获得) wealth usually means working hard. If one does not have a strong body, how can he work hard? How can he have enough energy to overcome all the difficulties on his way towards success? Only with a sound body may one get a chance to enjoy the better life provided by his wealth because

health ensure wealth but not vice versa. Therefore(因此,所以), health is the basis(基础) for attaining(获得) wealth.

Even if one is born into a rich family, wealth alone cannot bring him happiness. Imagine (想象,设想)a rich man who can do nothing but stay in bed. How can he enjoy his life? What can his money do for him? So long as one is healthy, there are always chances for him to attain everything including wealth.

Part V Writing

Health or Wealth

I prefer(宁愿,更喜欢) health to wealth if I have to choose between them. It is true that wealth makes life easier and more comfortable, but health is even more important. Only when one has good health can he pursue wealth and happiness.

Wealth cannot be acquired without health. As we know, to gain wealth usually means working hard. If one does not have a strong body, how can he work hard? How can he have enough energy to overcome all the difficulties on his way towards success? Only with a sound body may one get a chance to enjoy the better life provided by his wealth because health ensure wealth but not vice versa. Therefore, health is the basis for attaining wealth.

Even if one is born into a rich family, wealth alone cannot make him happiness. Imagine a rich man who can do nothing but stay in bed. How can he enjoy his life? What can his money do for him? So long as one is healthy, there are always chances for him to attain everything including wealth.

第二部分

试题题型分析及应试技巧

一、阅读理解

（Reading Comprehension）

阅读理解主要测试考生以下能力：

辨别和理解中心思想和重要细节

理解明确表达的概念或细节

理解隐含表达的概念或细节；通过判断句子的交际功能来理解文章

辨别文章的中心思想

领会作者的观点和态度

运用语言技能来理解文章

a. 猜测词句和短语的意思

b. 句层次的理解

c.篇章层次的理解

运用专门的阅读技能理解文章

通过略读了解文章大意

通过查阅寻找某一信息

阅读理解共４篇，每篇后面有５道题，共20道题，每题2分，共40分。每篇文章约250字，考试要求阅读速度达到每分钟60词，总阅读量为1000词；阅读内容涉及人物、传记、社会文化、日常

知识、科普知识、经济生活等多个方面，文章的体裁包括叙述文、议论文等。

I. 命题特点

阅读理解题型相对规范、稳定，主要有主旨题（提问题目、大意、写作目的）、推断题、细节题、词汇语义题。

1． 主旨题

主旨题主要考查学生能否通过理解、分析全文，区别主要信息和将要信息，总结归纳文章的中心思想或主要内容。常见的提问方式有：

a. What’s the main idea of the passage?

b. The passage deals mainly with______.

c. What’ the topic/theme/subject the passage mainly concerned?

d. The best summary/title of the passage is ________.

e. What’ the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

2． 推断题

这类问题要求老先生陈在所提供信息的基础上进行正确的推理，得出合乎逻辑的结论。推理题不仅可对文章细节及主题进行推断，还可推断文章的文体类型、作者的观点、态度等。常用的提问方式有：

a. It can be inferred /concluded /learned from the passage(the first paragraph, the

second .)that_________.

b. It is implied from the passage that________.

c. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

d. The passage is most likely a part of _________.

e. Where would the passage most probably appear?

f. What is the author’s attitude towards .?

g. What does the author feel about/think of ?

h. Which of the following can best describe the tone of the passage?

3． 细节题

细节题形式灵活多样，涉及的主要对象为文章的各种具体细节，如时间、地点、原因、结果、数字、特征等。其提问方式一般为：

a. According to the passage, what/where/when/why ?

b. In the passage, how many/how much/how long ?

c. Some people do something because_______.

4． 词汇及语意题

该题型主要考查考生在语篇水平上正确理解词汇、短语和句子的能力。出题对象一般为文中关键词和复杂句等。归纳起来大致有三类：

1) 词义辨别题

该题型主要考查熟词僻义及生词熟义。常见的提问方式有：

The word “ ” in the line most probably means/refers to /stands for_________. By “ ” the author means ________.

The word “ ” in line can best be replaced by________.

2) 语义指代题

这类题型主要考查考生对相关成分复指关系的辨别能力。替代词一般为代词 it, such, that 等。提问方式一般为：

The word “it(that, they, them )” refers to _________.

What does the word “ ” stand for?

3) 语句释义题

即重新解释从一篇阅读材料中挑出的句子。这类句子一般较为复杂，且在特定语境有特写含义。

如：

Which one can best explain the sentence “ ”?

The sentence “ ” can be paraphrased as________.

The sentence “ ” means that __________.

II. 应试技巧

1. 阅读方法

阅读方法因人而异。这里向大家推荐两种，仅供参考。

1) 先看问题，后读文章

做题之前，先不要急着看短文，最好先把短文后面的问题浏览一下，再去阅读原文，看完原文后再回答问题，也就是遵循“问题――文章――问题”这样一个顺序。这样做有两个好处：

第一，对所问的问题有所了解再去读文章，阅读时便于工作会有所测重，哪些地方要细读，哪些地方可略读，一目了然，这样既可节省时间，又可以提高答题的准确率。

第二，一篇文章，如果知道其大体内容，那么读起来就会轻松得多。文章后面的问题，都是根据文章内容提出来的，大体上可以反映文章的内容，所以先看问题再读文章便会有胸有成竹之感。

请看下面的例子（注意先不要阅读文章）：

We find that bright children are rarely (很少,难得)held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience (经验,体验)are enriched.(使丰富) We feel that there are many disadvantages(不利,不利地位) in streaming(把……按能力分班)pupils. It does not take into account (报道,叙述)the fact that children develop(发展,开发) at different rates(等级). It can have a bad effect(结果) on both the bright and the not-so-bright children. After all, it can be quite discouraging(使泄气) to be at the bottom of the top grade.

Besides, it is rather(宁可) unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual(智力的)ability(能力). This is only one aspect (方面)of their total personality.(个性) We also value personal qualities(品质) and social (社交的)skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes(捐献,捐助) to all these aspects(方面) of learning.

In our classroom, we work in various(各种各样的,不同的) ways. The pupils often work in groups; this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate,(合作,协作,配合) to share, and to develop(发展,开发) leadership(领导) skills. They also learn how to cope with(对付)personal(个人的) problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions(决定,决心), to analyze(分析) and evaluate(评价), and to communicate effectively.(有效地) The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual (个别的,独特的)tasks and assignments(任务,指定的作业), and they can do at their own speed. They also have some formal(正式的) class teaching when this is appropriate(适当的,恰当的). We encourage(鼓励) our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced(先进的,高级的) pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement(鼓励,奖励) to attain(达到,完成) this goal(目标).

16. In the passage the author’s attitude(态度,看法) towards “mixed-ability teaching” is____.

A) critical(紧要的,关键性的) B) questioning(质问) C) approving(赞成,称许)

D) objective(客观的,无偏见的)

17. By “head back” (line 1) the author means _______.

A) made to remain in the same classes

B) forced to study in the lower classes

C) drawn to their studies

D) prevented from advancing

18. The author argues(辩论,争论) that a teacher’s chief concern(关心) should be the

development of the student’s ________.

A) personal qualities and social skills

B) total personality(个性)

C) learning ability and communicative (通讯的)skills

D) intellectual(智力的)l ability(能力)

19. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the third paragraph?

A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.

B) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.

C) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.

D) Pupils also learn how to participate(参与,分享) in teaching activities.(活动)

20. The author’s purpose(目的) of writing this passage is to ________.

A) ague for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class

B) recommend(推荐,介绍) pair work and group work for classroom activities

C) offer advice on the proper(适当的,本来的) use of library

D) emphasize(强调,着重) the importance of appropriate formal (正式的)classroom teaching

通过快速浏览文章后面的５个问题，很容易看出本文 主要内容是关于学生的能力发展问题，而且涉及到“mixed-ability teaching”这样一种教学方式。读完文章之后会发现第16、第17两个问题所问到的内容都包括在第1句话（We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching.）中。但如果接着看第2句子“on the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched”，到些，作者对“mixed-ability teaching”的态度便很明显了。他既然认为这种方法可丰富学生的知识和经验，那么他对此所抱的态度是赞成的，所16题答案应选C）approving。上述前两句话表达的是一个意思，只不过一个是从下面说的，一个是从反面说，那么第1句话中的 “rarely held back” 与第2句话中的 “enriched”应是同义或近义，也就是说 “held back” 与 “enriched” 的意思是相反的，所以第17题的答案应为D）prevented from advancing. 第18题，教师应着重发展学生的何种品质，在第2自然段中说得很清楚，答案应是B）total personality.

第19题问到下列四个选择项中有哪一项是没有被提及的，答案应是D）Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.

第20题问的是本文的写作目的或主旨。像这种问题只有把全文吃透才能作答。略读原文后可知本文的主旨在于论述混合编班教学的长处及按能力分班的缺陷。另据Question 16中作者对mixed-ability teaching的态度和文章开头的第一句话，我们不难推断作者在辩论应该实行混合编班教学。所以，正确答案为A）。而B），C），D）均为细节，都不全面，并非作者的根本目的，应排除。

2）综合法

先通览全文(akimming),然后看问题，再用查阅法（scanning）找答案。在浏览全篇时要注意了解文章的中心思想、作者的观点和态度，记住重要细节，把主题句（topic sentence）、主旨句（theme sentence）、关键词和信号词（key words and signal words）用铅笔标出，以待做题参考。需要标出的关键词大致有以下几点：询问原因是细节题最常见的方式，因此段落中表因果关系的信号词要特别注意。常见词有：because, since, as, so, hence, therefore, consequently, derive from, as a result, in that 及with结构、冒号、破折号、分号等标点符号；很多作者喜欢先肯定某一说法，然后以转折的方式强调自己的真实观点，所以表转折关系、对立关系的信号词也十分重要。如but, however, although, on the other hand, on the contrary, while, whereas等；此外，还有表列举顺序的，如：many reasons, several factors, two items, first, to begin with, to conclude等；表分类的：fall into, classify, consist of, make up of; 表时间的：prior to, previously,

simultaneously, subsequently, the same time等；事实上，考生通过对上述提示词的重视，同时还可决定要加快还是放慢阅读速度。如若出现表转折的信号词须放慢速度，若出现表例证的信号词加快速度。

2. 各种题型的应试对策

1）主旨题

要做好主旨题，首先把握好主旨句和主题句。一般而言，陈述文章中心议题及结论的句子被称为主旨句（theme sentence）。陈述推理过程中的每个主要方面的句子叫做主题句（topic sentence）。主旨句往往出现在文章的第一段或最后一段，主题句则往往出现在段首或段尾，以表明该段主要议论的问题。如：

The appeal(呼吁,申述) of advertising (广告的)to buying motives(动机,目的) can have both negative(否定的,消极的) and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced(信服的) to buy a product of poor (差)quality(品质) or high price because of an advertisement.(广告) For example, some advertisers(做广告的人) have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel(燃料)economy(经济,节约) for their cars by advertising automotive products (产品)that improve gasbline mileage(里程). Some of the products work. Others are worthless(无价值的,无用的) and a waste of consumers’ money.

Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading(使误入歧途). A few years ago a brand(商品) of bread was offered to dieters(节食者)，with the message that there were fewer calories(热量单位，大卡) in every slice(薄片,切片). It turned out that the bread was not dietetic(适合节食的) but just regular(规则的,固定的) bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.(一个面包)

On the positive(确定的,积极的) side, emotional(感情的,情绪的) appeals may respond (反应良好)to a consumer’s real concerns.(关系) Consider(考虑,把 看作) fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing (有吸引力的)to fear of loss(损失). But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security(安全,安全感) of knowing(知道,了解,认识) that property (财产,财产权)is protected (保护)by insurance makes the purchase (购买)of fire insurance a worth while investment (投资)for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads(广告), they will benefit form the advertising.

Each consumer must evaluate(评价) her or his own situation(情况). Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify(证明 是正当的) buying it? Advertising is intended(想要,打算) to appeal to (上诉)consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.(决定)

21. The passage is mainly about __________.

A) how to make a wise buying decision

B) ways to protect the interests of the consumer

C) the positive and negative (否定的,消积的)aspects(方面) of advertising

D) the function of advertisements in promoting sales

第一句是第1段的主题句，又是本篇主旨句。第2、3段分别从两方面分别论述分析，每段的段首句分别为本段的主题句，所以C）为正确答案。

当然，有时情况会比较复杂，主题句在段中并不明显，考生可从以下几个方面进行判断： a. 主旨或主题句的概括性高于其他句子。

b. 为了把自己的观点准确无误地传达给读者，作者会有意识地反复重复某一主旨或主题。

c. 文字方面的标志也可看出作者是否在陈述文章的主题和主旨。如：in short, in my opinion,

therefore, I suggest/think/bet, It can be concluded that, in fact, nevertheless, as a matter of fact, however等。

2）细节题

细节题的特点是答案一般都能在文章中找到，所以在碰到科技性材料、生词太多、句子结构又太复杂时，考生也不必灰心丧气，只要按图索骥，细节部分的分数还是可能合到的。在大部分情况下，细节题的题干部分会出现某个关键性的词语，抓住关键词，即可迅速地在文章中找出所涉及的细节。如：

The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.

22. What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?

A) They may have taken place during take-off and landing.

B) They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.

C) They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference.

D)They were proved to have been caused by the passengers’ portable computers. 假若考生提前将表原因的 “caused by” 标出，那么他就不难看出这道细节题的答案为C）“pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference”，飞行员报告说有100多起飞行事故可能是由电磁干扰造成的。

有时出题人为增加难度，会有意在先期里避开文中所用的词汇，但也不外乎是该词的同义词或释义词。

3）推理题

推理题是综合性试题，难度较大，解题时需要综合运用各种阅读技巧，合理地根据内容、逻辑关系、关键词语以及相关知识和背景知识进行推断。

（1） 细节推理题

根据细节推理题答案经常出现的形式，这种题型可抓住某个关键词或句子的言外之意进行反向推理，即当A为B时，B也为A。例：

As water flows along the ground, it picks up sands, pebbles, even boulders, By this process, enormous amounts of mud and rock are moved from the land to the sea. Each year the Mississippi River carries 730 million tons of solid matter into the Gulf of Mexico.

This constant hauling of land into the sea is lowering the United States’ average height above sea level at a rate of about one foot every 9000 years. If erosion continues at the same rate, the United States will be completely down to sea level in about 23 million years.

In this passage, the author implies but not stated that __________.

A) millions of years ago the United States was higher than it is now

B) great amounts of land are moved to the sea by rivers

C) the water that sinks into the earth also reaches the ocean

D) the gulf of Mexico will be filled up in about 23 million years

原文第二段第1句的意思是“美国海拔每9000年下降一英尺”，同A）“几百万年前美国平均海拔比目前高”正好是反向推理，故A）为正确答案。

（2） 综合推理题

这种试题，要求考生在语段基础上，而不是在具体细节基础上进行归纳概括和引申，考生一定不要只盯着个别句子，而忽视了整体的含义。

It’s very interesting to note where the debate about diversity(多样化) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate(公司的) leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity . In fact, they say that if their companies are

to compete in the global village and in the global marketplace, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women, and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesn’t occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.

Likewise, I don’t hear people in the academy saying, “Let’s go backward. Let’s go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy(不拘一格选区人才)” (which was never true — we never had a meritocracy, although we’ve come closer to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last sic years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and a handful of minorities that when she first joined the community, there were less than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media — not in corporate boardrooms or on college campuses.

According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by _____.

A) expanding the pool of potential employee

B) promoting policies that provide skills to employees

C) training more engineers, scientists, lawyers and business managers

D) providing education for all regardless of race or sex

结合在第一段后半部分的陈述及分析备选答案可知A）、B）、C）都是实现多样化的手段但却不是根本，根本在最后一段“为所有人提供受教育机会，不管种族性别如何”，所以D）为正确答案。

此外，各种表语义关系的信号词（signal words）的运用，也可帮助考生理解各个句群之间的关系，如因果、并列等。应当注意的是，当问题是 “The author implies that ________”等时，即文章隐含的意思是什么时，答案绝不是文章中明确提出来的信息。

（3） 对作者态度的推测方法

一般而言，作者的态度与观点可能通过文章主题句和段落主题句等明显标识来识别，但有时主题句隐含于字里行间，这就需要根据文章中的动词、形容词（褒贬、肯定、否定）以及修辞手法来推断作者观点、态度和情绪。有时but, however, on the contrary 这些衔接词及表示说话人语气情感的may, must, should都可能反映作者的立场和看法。如：

Where do pesticides(杀虫剂) fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature, Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?

We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.

Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative (积累的) over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the such of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. “Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which

have obvious signs,” says a wise physician, Dr. ReneDubos, “yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.”

What is the author’s attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides?

A) Pessimistic. B) Defensive. C) Indifferent. D) Concerned

本文订论述了杀虫剂对人与环境的危害，由此可看出作者对问题的关注；文章中“ we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.”也清楚地表明了作者的观点，所以应选D）。

（4） 推测文体的技巧

做这种题要考生有一定的文体知识,知道诸如演讲、社论、新闻、书评、科技论文等的内容特点和语气特点。下面就一些常见文体的特征作简单介绍。

人物传记（biography）：主要记叙某人的生平事迹，一般包括背景情况（出生、家庭、教育、工作情况）以及所做出的成绩或个性、为人。节选部分是上述诸项的一方面，要求史料详实。

书评（book review）或别人做的序（preface）：一般介绍书的主要内容、特色及贡献、作者的基本情况及写作目的， 常出现the author, this book, the first chapter 等词。

报刊评论（news article）：新闻报道（news report）的最大特点是及时性，单词、句子、短语、段落都比较短；社论（news editorial）通常分析评论的也是最重点关注的热门话题；新闻特写（feature article）是对所发生的事件进行深度报道，不必非常及时，也不以阐明观点为主， 内容较详细。

科技论文（research paper）一般论及自然、社会、人文各方面的成就及重大现象，结构较为复杂，以长而复杂的句子闻名，多用被动语态。如：

The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in ,but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting tests, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impression. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence form which broad generalized principles can be developed.

There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviews is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis（诊断）and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially

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