2003年高考文综（全国）试题解析

letters and calls, and do practical things for the masses combine good, effective through reaching people at the service of the \hird, foster the development of new energy, new General Secretary XI Jinping stressed development of innovation forest restructuring, revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China is the State's major strategy, Central has issued comprehensive opinions of revitalizing Northeast China and other old industrial bases, the CPC Central Committee on revitalization in Northeast China were ... Vigorous determination does not waver, the work does not slacken off. Be firm with in the development has more to do with hard, and not muddle along, passive inaction. o rely on their own efforts, can't wait, can't wait, stand still. This not only provides new opportunities for development in our region, and gave us new requirements. We must seize the opportunity, full use of national policy, has to be more complicated, to start and target, give full play to the initiative of leading cadres at all levels, active, active, focusing on building new momentum fordevelopment, accelerating transformation of forest development. To implement the new development philosophy. Philosophy is the action guide, new ideas and new developments. Carrying out innovation, coordination and development of green, open, shared ideas, must be measurable, direct action with new development concepts, training cadres. In a new development concept as a yardstick. Established in line with the new concept of evaluation system and evaluation criterion, embodies the new development policy, organization, mandate implementation, always measured by the new development philosophy, continuous correction of forest transition course. In a new development concept for the path command. As part of the implementation of the new development philosophy followed and action guidelines, firmly adjusted, corrected and reject unsuitable, inappropriate and even against the new development ideas, behaviors and practices, more pragmatic approach based on a broad vision, and creatively carry out ecological construction, industrial development, improving people'livelihood, such as the work to ensure that new development ideas take root in forest areas. In a new development concept for weapon training cadre. Education leaders \nothing\es, enhancing vitality and power. Combined development \nd implementation \ngineering\nvironment\ng on new development, and new economy concept of learning, and grasp and using, real put thought and action unified to new development concept up, at with new development concept armed himself, and guide practice, effective do advocate innovation, and focused on coordination, and advocate green, and thick plant open, and advance shared. Second, we must rely on Science and technology affects. echnical innovation is the promotion of economic transformation and upgrading, quality and efficiency \

2003年高考文综(全国)试题解析

浙江省江山中学 朱兴亮 徐峻 姜建武

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1．C 该题考查地方时的计算。解题要建立在经纬网图的基础之上。船员拍摄照片的时间为北京时间9时0分0秒，即120°E的地方时为9时0分0秒，P地的经度为75°W。P地与120°E的经度差为195°，两地地方时相差13小时。再根据东早西迟原则，P地的地方时等于9时0分0秒减去13小时，即为前一天20时。

2．A 该题考查昼夜长短的判断计算和读图能力。利用图中经纬网及海陆轮廓形状，认定此区城为南美洲南部地区，漠河位于北纬53°多，与图中P地纬度相当，但处在不同半球。据此可判断漠河的夜长约等于P地的昼长。然后根据题1的结论（P地日落时刻20时），可计算出P地昼长为16小时。

3．B 该题考查读图能力。认定此区域为南美洲南部地区后，便知船将进入麦哲伦海峡。 4．C 该题考查对地理事物或现象的判断能力。解题时要先明确此时的季节，由题2漠河昼短夜长可知，此时为北半球冬季，南半球夏季，正确答案不难得出。

5．C 该题考查理想大陆自然带分布的知识。在回归线附近大陆西岸应为热带沙漠带。 6．A 该题考查对地理事物或现象的判断能力。①②③三地从降水量来看。②地最多，因其位于温带范围大陆西岸，深受西风影响，水汽充沛。从植被来看，②地为温带落叶阔叶林，③地为温带荒漠，①地为热带荒漠。从气温来看，①地为热带沙漠气候，均温最高，肯定不是最低。从沿岸洋流来看，中低纬度大陆东西两岸洋流性质不同，②地受寒流影响，③地受暖流影响。

7．D 7—9题主要考查“看图说话”能力，即从图表中提取有效信息能力。本题要根据选项逐一对照图进行分析。A项煤炭消费量的比重总体上是减少的，B项天然气生产量比重变幅应最小；C项1995年煤炭生产量所占比重是高于其消费量所占比重的；D项1994年石油生产量和消费量两条线两交，说明所占比重相近。

8．A 通过读图，2000年所对应的消费量超过生产量20%以上的能源种类有煤炭和石油。 9．D 从我国目前的能源生产和消费状况看，对照选项和图，我国能源消费仍然以煤炭为主；天然气消费应呈上升趋势；石油从1995年以后，消费量大于生产量，原油需要进口；水电生产是呈增加趋势的。

10．C 该题考查城市带发育的区位因素分析。题目不难，但考生一定要看清题目要求是选择“不相关”的自然因素。从气候、河流、矿产、地理位置四方面看，长江三角洲矿产资源是缺乏的。

11．A 该题考查长江三角洲地区经济高速增长的根本原因。D项明显应该排除，A、B、C都是该地区经济高速增长的原因之一，但B、C不是根本原因，应排除。根本原因是该地区市场机制比较成熟，因为改革开放的实践证明了：市场机制比较成熟的地方，市场作用发挥比较充分的地方，经济活力就比较强，发展态势也比较好。

ivelihood, is related to people's well-being and social harmony and stability. We need to protect and improve the livelihood of the people as the starting point and ending point of transition and improve forest people's feeling and happiness. To promote poverty relief and development work. Implementing poverty alleviation crucial project is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee, is also determined by the provincial \irst project%ust unify thinking and action to the requirements of the Central, provincial, resolutely win the poverty battle. The previous phase I to 18 stations, Tahe, Pine Ridge research, visited many of the poor, go, the heavier, more pressure. For poverty relief and development work, we must pay attention to it, always in mind, grasping hands, should not be blindly optimistic, there can be no slack. Poverty alleviation and development lies in precise, accurate. Present, in order to find out the real base of poor people as soon as possible, come up with feasible poverty standards, state card, built on the basis of document management. To firmly establish the \pt, increase the intensity of resource integration, and related funding, with limited funds wisely. By using a combination of employment, entrepreneurship for poverty eradication poverty eradication, education, poverty alleviation, medical aid of poverty means, due to effects of policies, those policies, ensure the completion of mission objectives for poverty eradication for the year. To actively promote the construction of new towns. In February this year, promulgated by the State Council on further promoting urbanization construction of new opinions, proposed to adhere to the people-centered, four modernizations synchronization, optimization, ecology civilization and cultural heritage of new urbanization path with Chinese characteristics. According to district-wide construction of civilized city and the beautiful countryside, further strengthening of urban transport, water supply and drainage and sewage, waste disposal ground, underground, such as infrastructure construction, strive to create a safer and more livable environment. To actively seize thefull stop and opportunities for poverty alleviation and development, further efforts to increase forest villages merge, population to the County (district) Council sites and centres concentrated in villages and towns. Combined development of urban construction and tourism industries, careful planning and construction of a number of suitable for residential and farm tour towns and villages, forming one village one product, a feature pattern. Closer to the masses. Since last year, our in-depth implementation of the leading cadres of grassroots masses at work, solve the problems of a large number of people, get the masses give wholehearted support to and praise, this work will carry on, absolutely cannot or movement. Grassroots masses and cadres in combination with poverty reduction, combined with the steady work ofletters and calls, and do practical things for the masses combine good, effective through reaching people at the service of the \hird, foster the development of new energy, new General Secretary XI Jinping stressed development of innovation forest restructuring, revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China is the State's major strategy, Central has issued comprehensive opinions of revitalizing Northeast China and other old industrial bases, the CPC Central Committee on revitalization in Northeast China were ... Vigorous determination does not waver, the work does not slacken off. Be firm with in the development has more to do with hard, and not muddle along, passive inaction. o rely on their own efforts, can't wait, can't wait, stand still. This not only provides new opportunities for development in our region, and gave us new requirements. We must seize the opportunity, full use of national policy, has to be more complicated, to start and target, give full play to the initiative of leading cadres at all levels, active, active, focusing on building new momentum fordevelopment, accelerating transformation of forest development. To implement the new development philosophy. Philosophy is the action guide, new ideas and new developments. Carrying out innovation, coordination and development of green, open, shared ideas, must be measurable, direct action with new development concepts, training cadres. In a new development concept as a yardstick. Established in line with the new concept of evaluation system and evaluation criterion, embodies the new development policy, organization, mandate implementation, always measured by the new development philosophy, continuous correction of forest transition course. In a new development concept for the path command. As part of the implementation of the new development philosophy followed and action guidelines, firmly adjusted, corrected and reject unsuitable, inappropriate and even against the new development ideas, behaviors and practices, more pragmatic approach based on a broad vision, and creatively carry out ecological construction, industrial development, improving people'livelihood, such as the work to ensure that new development ideas take root in forest areas. In a new development concept for weapon training cadre. Education leaders \nothing\es, enhancing vitality and power. Combined development \nd implementation \ngineering\nvironment\ng on new development, and new economy concept of learning, and grasp and using, real put thought and action unified to new development concept up, at with new development concept armed himself, and guide practice, effective do advocate innovation, and focused on coordination, and advocate green, and thick plant open, and advance shared. Second, we must rely on Science and technology affects. echnical innovation is the promotion of economic transformation and upgrading, quality and efficiency \12．A 该题考查非公有制经济的地位和作用。十五大之后，对非公有制经济地位的认识发生了变化，“重要组成部分”在宪法中予以确认，故B项应排除。国有经济是我国国民经济的主导力量，社会主义公有制经济包括国有经济、集体经济以及混合所有制经济中的国有成分和集体成分，故C、D不选。

13．D 该题考查经济发达地区支援西部地区的主要原因或目的。利用西部的劳动力、为西部提供建设资金、人才及技术支持等，这只是经济发达地区支援西部地区的形式、手段而已，从全局上看其主要目的是保持东西部地区经济协调发展，故A、B、C均不选。

14．C 该题通过基层“民主恳谈会”，考查基层群众行使的政治权利。基层政府就重大政策和建设规划等问题征询群众意见的“民主恳谈会”，在这种场合，群众行使的政治权利是民主监督权，从题意或从其含义较容易排除选举权利、集会自由、行政申诉权等。

15．C 该题考查工厂的区位选择原则。集成电路生产厂是知识技术密集型工厂，其零部件小型轻量，产品轻薄短小，厂址选择应取决于人才和交通。

16．B 此题考查北魏均田制的影响，可用排除法解答。A项“受田农民可以纳绢代役”属于唐朝租庸调制的内容；三国两晋南北朝时期商品经济并不发达，C项不符合题意；因为唐中期一度废除均田制，实行两税法，所以D项“一直延续到北宋”也不能选，故正确答案是B项。

17．D 本题考查太平天国在占领区内实行的土地措施。解题时，必须看清楚题干中的“实际推行”和“不包括”，ABC三个选项虽然出现在课文小字内，但都属于太平天国推行的土地措施，正确答案为D项。

18．A 该题考查土地革命的主要内容。虽然此内容课文中并无明确的表述，但可根据土地革命路线和课文小字中有关分田的步骤，选出正确答案A项。

19．A 此题为逆项选择题，考查农村联产承包责任制的内容。BCD三项均与课文内容相符，只有A项“农产品全部由农民自行处理”与课文中的农民生产的东西“保证国家的，留足集体的，剩下都是自己的”不符，正确答案是A项。

20．C 本题考查中共民主革命纲领的内容，用排除法即可。④“平均地权”属于孙中山提出三民主义.的内容，有④的选项应排除，只有C项符合题意。

21．B 该题考查抗日根据地政权的民主建设。A项“建立中华苏维埃共和国”发生在1931年，C项“开展整风运动”属于思想作风建设内容，D项“推行精兵简政政策”是政权机构改革的内容，故正确答案是B。

22．A 此题考查1953——1956年我国民主政治建设的成就。要做好此题，必须理解“民主政治”这个概念，B项“过渡时期总路线的公布”不属于民主政治的范畴，C项“全国政协的成立”是在1949年，D项提出与民主党派相互关系的方针则是1982年，可见正确答案是A项。

23．D本题考查社会主义初级阶段基本路线的内容。只要课文内容熟悉，不难选出正确答案是D项。

24．A 该题考查亚洲革命风暴的特点。因为课文的表述很明确，所以很容易选出正确答案是A项。

25．C本题考查亚洲觉醒中属于资产阶级革命性质的事件。由于朝鲜义兵运动和中国义和团运动均不属于资产阶级革命，伊朗巴布教徒起义又发生在19世纪中期，故正确答案是C

ivelihood, is related to people's well-being and social harmony and stability. We need to protect and improve the livelihood of the people as the starting point and ending point of transition and improve forest people's feeling and happiness. To promote poverty relief and development work. Implementing poverty alleviation crucial project is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee, is also determined by the provincial %unify thinking and action to the requirements of the Central, provincial, resolutely win the poverty battle. The previous phase I to 18 stations, Tahe, Pine Ridge research, visited many of the poor, go, the heavier, more pressure. For poverty relief and development work, we must pay attention to it, always in mind, grasping hands, should not be blindly optimistic, there can be no slack. Poverty alleviation and development lies in precise, accurate. Present, in order to find out the real base of poor people as soon as possible, come up with feasible poverty standards, state card, built on the basis of document management. To firmly

establish the \pt, increase the intensity of resource integration, and related funding, with limited funds wisely. By using a combination of employment, entrepreneurship for poverty eradication poverty eradication, education, poverty alleviation, medical aid of poverty means, due to effects of policies, those policies, ensure the completion of mission objectives for poverty eradication for the year. To actively promote the construction of new towns. In February this year, promulgated by the State Council on further promoting urbanization construction of new opinions, proposed to adhere to the people-centered, four modernizations synchronization, optimization, ecology civilization and cultural heritage of new urbanization path with Chinese characteristics. According to district-wide construction of civilized city and the beautiful countryside, further strengthening of urban transport, water supply and drainage and sewage, waste disposal ground, underground, such as infrastructure construction, strive to create a safer and more livable environment. o actively seize the full stop and opportunities for poverty alleviation and development, further efforts to increase forest villages merge, population to the County (district) Council sites and centres concentrated in villages and towns. Combined development of urban construction and tourism industries, careful planning and construction of a number of suitable for residential and farm tour towns and villages, forming one village one product, a feature pattern. Closer to the masses. Since last year, our in-depth implementation of the leading cadres of grassroots masses at work, solve the problems of a large number of people, get the masses give wholehearted support to and praise, this work will carry on, absolutely cannot or movement. Grassroots masses and cadres in combination with poverty reduction, combined with the steady work of2

letters and calls, and do practical things for the masses combine good, effective through reaching people at the service of the \hird, foster the development of new energy, new General Secretary XI Jinping stressed development of innovation forest restructuring, revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China is the State's major strategy, Central has issued comprehensive opinions of revitalizing Northeast China and other old industrial bases, the CPC Central Committee on revitalization in Northeast China were ... Vigorous determination does not waver, the work does not slacken off. Be firm with in the development has more to do with hard, and not muddle along, passive inaction. o rely on their own efforts, can't wait, can't wait, stand still. This not only provides new opportunities for development in our region, and gave us new requirements. We must seize the opportunity, full use of national policy, has to be more complicated, to start and target, give full play to the initiative of leading cadres at all levels, active, active, focusing on building new momentum fordevelopment, accelerating transformation of forest development. To implement the new development philosophy. Philosophy is the action guide, new ideas and new developments. Carrying out innovation, coordination and development of green, open, shared ideas, must be measurable, direct action with new development concepts, training cadres. In a new development concept as a yardstick. Established in line with the new concept of evaluation system and evaluation criterion, embodies the new development policy, organization, mandate implementation, always measured by the new development philosophy, continuous correction of forest transition course. In a new development concept for the path command. As part of the implementation of the new development philosophy followed and action guidelines, firmly adjusted, corrected and reject unsuitable, inappropriate and even against the new development ideas, behaviors and practices, more pragmatic approach based on a broad vision, and creatively carry out ecological construction, industrial development, improving people'livelihood, such as the work to ensure that new development ideas take root in forest areas. In a new development concept for weapon training cadre. Education leaders \nothing\es, enhancing vitality and power. Combined development \nd implementation \ngineering\nvironment\ng on new development, and new economy concept of learning, and grasp and using, real put thought and action unified to new development concept up, at with new development concept armed himself, and guide practice, effective do advocate innovation, and focused on coordination, and advocate green, and thick plant open, and advance shared. Second, we must rely on Science and technology affects. echnical innovation is the promotion of economic transformation and upgrading, quality and efficiency \项。

26．C 此题考查二战后初期亚洲国家获取独立的方式。只要熟悉亚非会议的内容，排除含有③的选项，不难选出正确答案是C项。

27．A 该题考查明朝和文艺复兴时期科技成就的共同点，属比较选择题，难度较大。要做好此题，必须先掌握明朝和文艺复兴时期的科技成就，然后再进行逐项比较。B项“侧重于理论探索”不符合文艺复兴时期科技成就的特点，C项“局限于生产、生活层面的探索”与文艺复兴的史实不相符，D项“提倡实验科学”对不上明朝的科技成就，用排除法即可得出正确答案是A项。

28．B 该题考查全国人民代表大会和其他国家机关的关系。全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关，它处于核心的地位。它和其他国家机关之间的关系是领导和被领导、监督和被监督的关系。A项错在“互相监督”，因为人民代表大会除了受人民监督外，不受任何机关的制约；C、D项错在把其他国家机关仅仅理解为行政机关或司法机关。

29．D 该题考查具体科学有其特有的规律性。A、B、C项比较容易排除，因为艺术创作也要遵循认识的一般规律，艺术创作包含有一定的主观虚构，但其内容还是客观现实的反映，没有不是由客观存在决定的认识。

30．C 该题考查认识和实践的关系。艺术创作需要生活积累，说明认识来源于实践。题干并未涉及认识事物要发挥主观能动性，未涉及认识和人脑、现象和本质的关系。故A、B、D不选。

31．B 该题考查“尊重多样文明”的含义。本题比较容易排除②，因为针对各国的历史和现行政策要具体问题具体分析，故尊重多样文明是指尊重各国不同的发展模式、文化传统及各国选择的社会制度。

32．D 该题考查看问题要分清事物发展的主流和支流。尊重多样文明和文明之间的冲突构成对立统一的关系，应该看到尊重多样文明是未来国际的焦点，它是矛盾的主要方面，国际上有人认为文明之间的冲突将是未来国际的焦点的错误就在于不能分清事物发展的主流和支流，题干未涉及A、B、C的内容。

33．A 该题题干意思是说：2002年，我国50多家企业面对来自美国的反倾销诉讼，由于能够积极应诉，从而使美方做出该倾销案不成立的结论，说明了在遭遇国外反倾销诉讼时，我国企业首先应该勇于应诉，保护自己的正当经济权益。故B、C、D不选。

34．A 该题考查我国的国家职能。题干意思是说：我国对外经济贸易部依据《中华人民共和国反倾销条例》，受理反倾销案件10起，这一事实表明了我国政府（对外经济贸易部）依据法律法规（反倾销条例），认真履行政府职能。故B、C、D不选。

35．B 该题考查内因和外因相互关系。题干意思是说：在当今国际经济活动中，我国企业要苦练内功（内因），又要勇于和善于运用WTO规则保护自己的权益（外因），故这主要体现了内因和外因相互关系的原理。所以，A、C、D应排除。

36、 该大题考查分析区域地理特征以及描述地理事物分布、成因的能力。

（1）由“登高南望，俯视太行诸山”可知作者登临之地在太行山北面，与太行山所处的经度位置相当。此外图上小五台山（2882米）属于太行山脉，即作者登临之地位于115°E附近。再由“北顾但寒沙衰草”知作者登临之地位于内蒙古高原南部，而内蒙古高原南缘即为长城，故作者登临之地所处的纬度位置与长城相当。所以答案为115°E，41°N。另外，

ivelihood, is related to people's well-being and social harmony and stability. We need to protect and improve the livelihood of the people as the starting point and ending point of transition and improve forest people's feeling and happiness. To promote poverty relief and development work. Implementing poverty alleviation crucial project is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee, is also determined by the provincial %unify thinking and action to the requirements of the Central, provincial, resolutely win the poverty battle. The previous phase I to 18 stations, Tahe, Pine Ridge research, visited many of the poor, go, the heavier, more pressure. For poverty relief and development work, we must pay attention to it, always in mind, grasping hands, should not be blindly optimistic, there can be no slack. Poverty alleviation and development lies in precise, accurate. Present, in order to find out the real base of poor people as soon as possible, come up with feasible poverty standards, state card, built on the basis of document management. To firmly

establish the \pt, increase the intensity of resource integration, and related funding, with limited funds wisely. By using a combination of employment, entrepreneurship for poverty eradication poverty eradication, education, poverty alleviation, medical aid of poverty means, due to effects of policies, those policies, ensure the completion of mission objectives for poverty eradication for the year. To actively promote the construction of new towns. In February this year, promulgated by the State Council on further promoting urbanization construction of new opinions, proposed to adhere to the people-centered, four modernizations synchronization, optimization, ecology civilization and cultural heritage of new urbanization path with Chinese characteristics. According to district-wide construction of civilized city and the beautiful countryside, further strengthening of urban transport, water supply and drainage and sewage, waste disposal ground, underground, such as infrastructure construction, strive to create a safer and more livable environment. To actively seize the full stop and opportunities for poverty alleviation and development, further efforts to increase forest villages merge, population to the County (district) Council sites and centres concentrated in villages and towns. Combined development of urban construction and tourism industries, careful planning and construction of a number of suitable for residential and farm tour towns and villages, forming one village one product, a feature pattern. Closer to the masses. Since last year, our in-depth implementation of the leading cadres of grassroots masses at work, solve the problems of a large number of people, get the masses give wholehearted support to and praise, this work will carry on, absolutely cannot or movement. Grassroots masses and cadres in combination with poverty reduction, combined with the steady work of3

letters and calls, and do practical things for the masses combine good, effective through reaching people at the service of the \hird, foster the development of new energy, new General Secretary XI Jinping stressed development of innovation forest restructuring, revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China is the State's major strategy, Central has issued comprehensive opinions of revitalizing Northeast China and other old industrial bases, the CPC Central Committee on revitalization in Northeast China were ... Vigorous determination does not waver, the work does not slacken off. Be firm with in the development has more to do with hard, and not muddle along, passive inaction. o rely on their own efforts, can't wait, can't wait, stand still. This not only provides new opportunities for development in our region, and gave us new requirements. We must seize the opportunity, full use of national policy, has to be more complicated, to start and target, give full play to the initiative of leading cadres at all levels, active, active, focusing on building new momentum fordevelopment, accelerating transformation of forest development. To implement the new development philosophy. Philosophy is the action guide, new ideas and new developments. Carrying out innovation, coordination and development of green, open, shared ideas, must be measurable, direct action with new development concepts, training cadres. In a new development concept as a yardstick. Established in line with the new concept of evaluation system and evaluation criterion, embodies the new development policy, organization, mandate implementation, always measured by the new development philosophy, continuous correction of forest transition course. In a new development concept for the path command. As part of the implementation of the new development philosophy followed and action guidelines, firmly adjusted, corrected and reject unsuitable, inappropriate and even against the new development ideas, behaviors and practices, more pragmatic approach based on a broad vision, and creatively carry out ecological construction, industrial development, improving people'livelihood, such as the work to ensure that new development ideas take root in forest areas. In a new development concept for weapon training cadre. Education leaders \nothing\es, enhancing vitality and power. Combined development \nd implementation \ngineering\nvironment\ng on new development, and new economy concept of learning, and grasp and using, real put thought and action unified to new development concept up, at with new development concept armed himself, and guide practice, effective do advocate innovation, and focused on coordination, and advocate green, and thick plant open, and advance shared. Second, we must rely on Science and technology affects. echnical innovation is the promotion of economic transformation and upgrading, quality and efficiency \北顾的是内蒙古高原的深秋景色。

（2）关于10°C等温线走向的描述，只要“看图说话”就行了。但是对10°C等温线整段描述比较困难，需要分段描述，东半段为东西走向，西半段为东北----西南走向。分析各段走向的成因，则要利用等温线原理。等温线走向若与纬线平行，说明气温受纬度的影响显著。等温线走向若与纬线斜交，说明气温受纬度影响小，而受海洋影响或地形影响大。所以东半段等温线东西走向与纬度平行，主要受纬度（太阳辐射）因素影响，而西半段呈东北-----西南走向，又位于内陆，因受地形（太行山脉）影响。

37.本题以中华民族的象征-----长城为载体，注重考查学生的应用能力，既使学生了解长城的发展史，又让学生充分认识到中国共产党是先进文化的代表，还与当前的时事热点西部大开发联系在一起，使学生充分体会到学习历史“古为今用”。

（1）主要考查学生的识记能力，在去年高考第40题第1小题考查了西汉对西域的管理后仍然坚持考西汉向西北拓展的重大事件，说明高考是不回避重要知识点的，“好马要吃回头草。”此题学生得分率不会低。

（2）高考首次采用考古学新发现-----嘉峪关魏晋墓砖壁画创设新情境，要求考生针对某一问题在材料中寻找与其有关的信息，并运用信息解决问题，此题对学生的能力要求高，学生得分率不高。

（3）主要考查学生的运用能力，第一问学生只要认真阅读材料，掌握课文相关的基础知识，得分不成问题。第二问综合性较强，学生容易失分。

（4）主要考查学生的识记能力，中国军队在山海关、长城各口抗击日军均在课文小字内，察哈尔民众抗日同盟军记忆难度也较大，故学生极易失分。

（5）此题全在考查学生的综合概括能力，从学生的认知水平来看，往往答不到点子上，要拿到分数实属不易。

38．该题是政治学科内的一道综合分析题，它以胡锦涛总书记视察西柏坡时发表重要的讲话，要求牢记七届二中提出的“两个务必”为背景材料，考查政治常识、哲学常识的相关知识。

第（1）问的问题是“根据所学政治常识，分析目前应如何加强党的作风建设”。这就需要联系到政治常识关于如何加强党的作风建设以及十六大的相关内容。其实，这一问的答案非常简单，主要来自教材《政治常识》P77加强党的作风建设的三点内容。

第（2）问的问题是“有些人认为，时代变了，‘艰苦奋斗’已经不是当代所应提倡的精神。应如何看待这种观点？” 这就要求考生根据设问首先对该观点进行如实的判断，在正确判断的基础上进一步思考：当前，为什么要提倡艰苦奋斗，这是由什么决定的，提倡艰苦奋斗有什么现实意义等。

39．该题是政治学科内的一道综合分析题，它以气象经济迅速发展已成为我国国民经济新的增长点为背景材料，考查哲学常识、经济常识的相关知识。

第（1）问的问题是“2002年夏季，北京等地为缓解当地旱情，采用了许多人工增雨的措施，明显增加了降水。试分析‘人工增雨’体现的哲学道理”。从哲学上看，人工增雨主要体现了尊重客观规律和发挥主观能动性的关系。

第（2）问的问题是“试用所学经济常识分析气象经济迅速发展这一现象”。这一问设计灵活，需要有较强的课内知识综合能力和知识提炼及概括能力，它涉及资源配置、第三产业、

ivelihood, is related to people's well-being and social harmony and stability. We need to protect and improve the livelihood of the people as the starting point and ending point of transition and improve forest people's feeling and happiness. To promote poverty relief and development work. Implementing poverty alleviation crucial project is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee, is also determined by the provincial %unify thinking and action to the requirements of the Central, provincial, resolutely win the poverty battle. The previous phase I to 18 stations, Tahe, Pine Ridge research, visited many of the poor, go, the heavier, more pressure. For poverty relief and development work, we must pay attention to it, always in mind, grasping hands, should not be blindly optimistic, there can be no slack. Poverty alleviation and development lies in precise, accurate. Present, in order to find out the real base of poor people as soon as possible, come up with feasible poverty standards, state card, built on the basis of document management. To firmly

establish the \pt, increase the intensity of resource integration, and related funding, with limited funds wisely. By using a combination of employment, entrepreneurship for poverty eradication poverty eradication, education, poverty alleviation, medical aid of poverty means, due to effects of policies, those policies, ensure the completion of mission objectives for poverty eradication for the year. To actively promote the construction of new towns. In February this year, promulgated by the State Council on further promoting urbanization construction of new opinions, proposed to adhere to the people-centered, four modernizations synchronization, optimization, ecology civilization and cultural heritage of new urbanization path with Chinese characteristics. According to district-wide construction of civilized city and the beautiful countryside, further strengthening of urban transport, water supply and drainage and sewage, waste disposal ground, underground, such as infrastructure construction, strive to create a safer and more livable environment. o actively seize the full stop and opportunities for poverty alleviation and development, further efforts to increase forest villages merge, population to the County (district) Council sites and centres concentrated in villages and towns. Combined development of urban construction and tourism industries, careful planning and construction of a number of suitable for residential and farm tour towns and villages, forming one village one product, a feature pattern. Closer to the masses. Since last year, our in-depth implementation of the leading cadres of grassroots masses at work, solve the problems of a large number of people, get the masses give wholehearted support to and praise, this work will carry on, absolutely cannot or movement. Grassroots masses and cadres in combination with poverty reduction, combined with the steady work of4

letters and calls, and do practical things for the masses combine good, effective through reaching people at the service of the \hird, foster the development of new energy, new General Secretary XI Jinping stressed development of innovation forest restructuring, revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China is the State's major strategy, Central has issued comprehensive opinions of revitalizing Northeast China and other old industrial bases, the CPC Central Committee on revitalization in Northeast China were ... Vigorous determination does not waver, the work does not slacken off. Be firm with in the development has more to do with hard, and not muddle along, passive inaction. o rely on their own efforts, can't wait, can't wait, stand still. This not only provides new opportunities for development in our region, and gave us new requirements. We must seize the opportunity, full use of national policy, has to be more complicated, to start and target, give full play to the initiative of leading cadres at all levels, active, active, focusing on building new momentum fordevelopment, accelerating transformation of forest development. To implement the new development philosophy. Philosophy is the action guide, new ideas and new developments. Carrying out innovation, coordination and development of green, open, shared ideas, must be measurable, direct action with new development concepts, training cadres. In a new development concept as a yardstick. Established in line with the new concept of evaluation system and evaluation criterion, embodies the new development policy, organization, mandate implementation, always measured by the new development philosophy, continuous correction of forest transition course. In a new development concept for the path command. As part of the implementation of the new development philosophy followed and action guidelines, firmly adjusted, corrected and reject unsuitable, inappropriate and even against the new development ideas, behaviors and practices, more pragmatic approach based on a broad vision, and creatively carry out ecological construction, industrial development, improving people'livelihood, such as the work to ensure that new development ideas take root in forest areas. In a new development concept for weapon training cadre. Education leaders \nothing\es, enhancing vitality and power. Combined development \nd implementation \ngineering\nvironment\ng on new development, and new economy concept of learning, and grasp and using, real put thought and action unified to new development concept up, at with new development concept armed himself, and guide practice, effective do advocate innovation, and focused on coordination, and advocate green, and thick plant open, and advance shared. Second, we must rely on Science and technology affects. echnical innovation is the promotion of economic transformation and upgrading, quality and efficiency \经济效益等相关知识。

40．该题是一道涉及地理、历史二科的综合题，以二战中开辟欧洲第二战场为背景材料，考查与之相关的地理、历史知识。

（1）读图知英吉利海峡位于西欧温带范围内，常年受西风影响。该题比较容易回答。 （2）关于不同季节英吉利海峡的气象条件及对渡海作战的影响，要从不同季节南北温差大小考虑。按提示，可从风的强弱回答，决定风力大小是水平气压梯度力，决定水平气压梯度力大小是气压差，而气压差与气温差相关。所以，冬半年南北温差大，气压差也大，水平气压梯度力变大，西风强度增强，海上风浪变大，不利于渡海作战，夏半年情况恰好相反。该题难度较大，题后提示可能会给考生造成思维障碍，答案更切不中要害。

(3)国际关系在近年文综试卷中均有所体现，2002年文综选择题就出现过“战争对人类产生的巨大影响”，今年的国际关系仍落实在第二次世界大战上。前二问以地理的“气象”为载体展开，说明文综试题强调走过现实生活，注重实用性。第一问在回答时，必须明确时间和空间，尤其是时间，应该是从1943年到1944年6月，但此题答案似有遗漏，因为反法西斯战争应包括亚太战场，但参考答案中并无亚太战场情况出现，第2问考查学生的理解能力，必须材料与课文内容并重才能拿到高分。

41．该题是一道政治、历史、地理三科综合题，以人类社会发展历程中的人口迁移和城市化作为背景材料，以美国人口迁移、我国人口流动、城市化带动基础设施投资、三峡移民工作等为切入点，考查政治、历史、地理三科的相关知识. 该题是文综考试以来分值最高的一道题。

（1）①该题考查欧亚移民对美国经济发展的促进作用，只要记住19世纪来美国经济迅速发展的原因，此题即可拿满分。

②第一问考查《宅地法》对西进运动的影响，要求认真审题，不要答成《宅地法》对美国经济发展的影响。第二问“西进运动的后果”，学生可从课文上直接找到答案。

③问题是“试用辩证的观点分析美国历史上的人口迁移现象”。对立统一是辩证法的核心，要坚持一分为二的观点、具体问题具体分析的观点、两点论和重点论相结合的观点看待美国的多种形式人口迁移及其结果。

（2）①该小题仍然考查“看图说话”能力。从“2001年我国跨省流动人口地区构成”图看出，人口从经济欠发达地区的川、皖、湘、赣、豫、鄂等地区流向经济较发达的粤、浙、沪、苏、京、闽等地区，即从中西部地区流向东部地区，并且东部地区人口稠密，不可能向人口稠密地区流向地广人稀地区，所以A、D项排除。从“2001年我国流动人口城乡结构图”看出，人口流出地区主要是乡村，流入地区主要是城市，即人口由乡村流向城市，B项排除。

②现阶段我国人口大规模流动的主要原因和直接结果，要迁移教材中“改革开放以来的民工流动”这部分知识，并结合第①题的流向情况作出描述，因为流入地区主要是经济发达地区或城市，原因是这些地区的居民经济收入、就业机会、生活环境等都优于经济落后地区或乡村。流动的直接结果可以从流入地区和流出地区两方面加以描述。

（3）问题是：“结合以上材料，运用所学经济常识说明城市化对我国经济发展的意义”。总体上来说，有利于增加农民收入、促进投资、促进第三产业的发展。

（4）问题是：“依据上述材料说明我国是如何坚持‘依法治国’的”。依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略。题目通过我国三峡工程建设所涉及的移民工作为背景材料，要求

ivelihood, is related to people's well-being and social harmony and stability. We need to protect and improve the livelihood of the people as the starting point and ending point of transition and improve forest people's feeling and happiness. To promote poverty relief and development work. Implementing poverty alleviation crucial project is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee, is also determined by the provincial %unify thinking and action to the requirements of the Central, provincial, resolutely win the poverty battle. The previous phase I to 18 stations, Tahe, Pine Ridge research, visited many of the poor, go, the heavier, more pressure. For poverty relief and development work, we must pay attention to it, always in mind, grasping hands, should not be blindly optimistic, there can be no slack. Poverty alleviation and development lies in precise, accurate. Present, in order to find out the real base of poor people as soon as possible, come up with feasible poverty standards, state card, built on the basis of document management. To firmly

establish the \pt, increase the intensity of resource integration, and related funding, with limited funds wisely. By using a combination of employment, entrepreneurship for poverty eradication poverty eradication, education, poverty alleviation, medical aid of poverty means, due to effects of policies, those policies, ensure the completion of mission objectives for poverty eradication for the year. To actively promote the construction of new towns. In February this year, promulgated by the State Council on further promoting urbanization construction of new opinions, proposed to adhere to the people-centered, four modernizations synchronization, optimization, ecology civilization and cultural heritage of new urbanization path with Chinese characteristics. According to district-wide construction of civilized city and the beautiful countryside, further strengthening of urban transport, water supply and drainage and sewage, waste disposal ground, underground, such as infrastructure construction, strive to create a safer and more livable environment. To actively seize the full stop and opportunities for poverty alleviation and development, further efforts to increase forest villages merge, population to the County (district) Council sites and centres concentrated in villages and towns. Combined development of urban construction and tourism industries, careful planning and construction of a number of suitable for residential and farm tour towns and villages, forming one village one product, a feature pattern. Closer to the masses. Since last year, our in-depth implementation of the leading cadres of grassroots masses at work, solve the problems of a large number of people, get the masses give wholehearted support to and praise, this work will carry on, absolutely cannot or movement. Grassroots masses and cadres in combination with poverty reduction, combined with the steady work of5

letters and calls, and do practical things for the masses combine good, effective through reaching people at the service of the \hird, foster the development of new energy, new General Secretary XI Jinping stressed development of innovation forest restructuring, revitalization of the old industrial bases in Northeast China is the State's major strategy, Central has issued comprehensive opinions of revitalizing Northeast China and other old industrial bases, the CPC Central Committee on revitalization in Northeast China were ... Vigorous determination does not waver, the work does not slacken off. Be firm with in the development has more to do with hard, and not muddle along, passive inaction. o rely on their own efforts, can't wait, can't wait, stand still. This not only provides new opportunities for development in our region, and gave us new requirements. We must seize the opportunity, full use of national policy, has to be more complicated, to start and target, give full play to the initiative of leading cadres at all levels, active, active, focusing on building new momentum fordevelopment, accelerating transformation of forest development. To implement the new development philosophy. Philosophy is the action guide, new ideas and new developments. Carrying out innovation, coordination and development of green, open, shared ideas, must be measurable, direct action with new development concepts, training cadres. In a new development concept as a yardstick. Established in line with the new concept of evaluation system and evaluation criterion, embodies the new development policy, organization, mandate implementation, always measured by the new development philosophy, continuous correction of forest transition course. In a new development concept for the path command. As part of the implementation of the new development philosophy followed and action guidelines, firmly adjusted, corrected and reject unsuitable, inappropriate and even against the new development ideas, behaviors and practices, more pragmatic approach based on a broad vision, and creatively carry out ecological construction, industrial development, improving people'livelihood, such as the work to ensure that new development ideas take root in forest areas. In a new development concept for weapon training cadre. Education leaders \nothing\es, enhancing vitality and power. Combined development \nd implementation \ngineering\nvironment\ng on new development, and new economy concept of learning, and grasp and using, real put thought and action unified to new development concept up, at with new development concept armed himself, and guide practice, effective do advocate innovation, and focused on coordination, and advocate green, and thick plant open, and advance shared. Second, we must rely on Science and technology affects. echnical innovation is the promotion of economic transformation and upgrading, quality and efficiency \依据材料来说明我国是如何坚持依法治国。从材料上可以看出，针对移民工作，全国人大通过议案、国务院及地方政府通过了一系列法规，据此说明我国依法加强立法工作，做到有法可依；有关部门根据相关法律法规，组织宣传教育和移民动迁及对侵蚀移民资金案件的查处，说明我国行政机关严格依法行政，司法机关公正司法、严格执法。

ivelihood, is related to people's well-being and social harmony and stability. We need to protect and improve the livelihood of the people as the starting point and ending point of transition and improve forest people's feeling and happiness. To promote poverty relief and development work. Implementing poverty alleviation crucial project is a major strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee, is also determined by the provincial %unify thinking and action to the requirements of the Central, provincial, resolutely win the poverty battle. The previous phase I to 18 stations, Tahe, Pine Ridge research, visited many of the poor, go, the heavier, more pressure. For poverty relief and development work, we must pay attention to it, always in mind, grasping hands, shoul

establish the \pt, increase the intensity of resource integration, and related funding, with limited funds wisely. By using a combination of employment, entrepreneurship for poverty eradication poverty eradication, education, poverty alleviation, medical aid of poverty means, due to effects of policies, those policies, ensure the completion of mission objectives for poverty eradication for the year. To actively promote the construction of new towns. In February this year, promulgated by the State Council on further promoting urbanization construction of new opinions, proposed to adhere to the people-centered, four modernizations synchronization, optimization, ecology civilization and cultural heritage of new urbanization path with Chinese characteristics. According to difull stop and opportunities for poverty alleviation and development, further efforts to increase forest villages merge, population to the County (district) Council sites and centres concentrated in villages and towns. Combined development of urban construction and tourism industries, careful planning and construction of a number of suitable for residential and farm tour towns and villages, forming one village one product, a feature pattern. Closer to the masses. Since last year, our in-depth implementation of the leading cadres of grassroots masses at work, solve the problems of a large number of people, get the masses give wholehearted support to and praise, this work will carry on, absolutely cannot or movement. Grassroots masses and cadres in combination with poverty reduction, combinec, there can be no slack. Poverty alleviation and development lies in precise, accurate. Present, in order to find out the real base of poor people as soon as possible, come up with feasible poverty standards, state card, built on the basis of document management. To firmly on of civilized city and the beautiful countryside, further strengthening of urban transport, water supply and drainage and sewage, waste disposal ground, underground, such as infrastructure construction, strive to create a safer and more livable environment. o actively seize the 6

d not be blindly optimististrict-wide constructid with the steady work of

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