2018届二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练 学案（15页word版）

2018届二轮复习 动词时态和语态在短文语法填空和短文改错中的讲与练

——找到薄弱点才是努力点 Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is (be) full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.

5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.

6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest)．

7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah was_told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.

8．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to_prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.

9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But at the moment, school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.goes→went 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”Turning→Turn 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.interesting→interested 4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！came→comes;_pick前加to 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.took→taken;_become→became [锁定薄弱点]

1．考生因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分。 2．动词的时态和语态是考查谓语动词时的必考点，考生在答题时如果分析不到位或相关知识欠缺，则容易误填答案。

3．非谓语动词因其蕴含形式多变、用法繁杂等特征，考生容易出现理解失误而造成失分。

——攻克薄弱点才是增分点

突破点?一?——如何确定填谓语动词还是非谓语动词 1．找句中“题眼”，确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 (1)若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语

一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语。一般来讲，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应填谓语动词。谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。

[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achievement.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable. 分析：分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故所给动词作谓语，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且根据语境可知时态为一般现在时。故填is。

[典例2] (2016·四川高考)The giant panda __61__ (love) by people throughout the world.

分析：分析句子结构可知，句子中没有谓语，故空格处应作谓语。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时；且panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。

(2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。

非谓语动词需确定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式还是不定式。 [典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __43__ (create) special designs. 分析：本句中已经有谓语动词combine，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to create。

[典例2] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include __67__ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

分析：句中已有谓语动词include，且无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。include为及物动词，其后加名词或动名词作宾语，再

结合提示词introduce和空后的名词visitors可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填introducing。

(3)排除干扰，切忌“只见树木不见森林”

[典例1] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __49__ (be) too violent for use at the table. 分析：看到此题，考生可能会根据and认为应与前面的某个成分并列，是与believed并列、与would remind并列还是与killings并列？分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。但此处描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时，又因主语是knives，故填were。

[典例2] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers __68__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

分析：本题存在一题多义、一词多性的特征，考生易误填was conducted或were conducted。因为考生容易把names误作名词而认为空格处应填动词。实际上，分析句子结构可知，空格所在句已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。

2.通过6 组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词 [题组一]

①He volunteered to help control traffic, ________ (donate) an 示例 hour of his time every week. ②He volunteered to help control traffic, and ______ (donate) an hour of his time every week. 分析 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①中空格处为现在分词作伴随状语；②中空格处与volunteered并列作谓语。

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