2014三级语法讲义

人大三级学士学位英语辅导资料（一）

——语 法 辅 导

第一章 动词时态 第二章 被动语态 第三章 非谓语动词 第四章 形容词和副词 第五章 情态动词 第六章 名词性从句 第七章 定语从句 第八章 状语从句 第九章 虚拟语气 第十章 倒装句 第十一章 强调句 第十二章 附加疑问句 第十三章 主谓一致 第十四章 代 词 第十五章 挑 错

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第一章 动词时态

1. 一般现在时：在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作用一般现在时：常用的连词有as soon as, when，till, if等。

e.g. When he comes back, he will go and see his cousin in hospital. If it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will be put off. The porter will wait till the train arrives.

2. 一般过去时：used to do sth. be used to doing sth.

e.g. The architect used to take the dog for a walk after supper when he lived here.

Now he is used to browsing the newspapers in the evening.

3. 一般将来时：表示将来的动作或状态。 a) will (shall) +原形动词：

e.g. Peter will take robotics next semester.

b) 某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,come, start, arrive, leave等的现在进行时可表示将来。

e.g. The police are leaving for Brasilia tomorrow. The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight by air. Are you going to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon?

c) be to +动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。

e.g. The new road to the museum is to be open to traffic before National Day. d) be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。 e.g. The lecture is about to begin.

4. 过去将来时：表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。 e.g. The freshmen wanted to know when the sports meet would start. 5. 现在进行时：

表示此时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。

e.g. My nephew is having an English class in Beijing Normal University. The workers are building a museum near the stadium. 6. 过去进行时：

a) 表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断。 e.gThe sailor was reading a French novel from seven to nine last night. b) when 和while 的用法

e.gWhile John was eating, my brother-in-law walked to him and asked him to lend him $100. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building

c) 表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。

e.g. The president was leaving early the next morning. 7. 现在完成时：

a) 表示动作刚刚结束（常和just, already, yet等词连用）；或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间 状语）。e.g.Jefferson has just turned off the light.、 b) 表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去（常用since引导的

短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用）。

e.g.The astronaut has been engaged in the research for 30 years. They’ve known each other since childhood.

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c) 非延续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since….（过去时）

英语中有些动词不能延续， 因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。 e.g. It is (has been) an hour since the delegation arrived here.

It is 3 years since the diver left Shanghai.

d) have (has) been to 和have (has) gone to 的区别

have (has) been to:去过某地（表示某人的一种经历）可和once, twice, often, never, ever连 用。have (has) gone to:

e.g.The novelist has gone to the Yellowstone National Park. The novelist has been to the Yellowstone National Park twice. 非延续性动词的用法说明： come

e.g. He came here last week.

He has come here.

be here

e.g. He has been here for ten months since last year. arrive: be here die

e.g. The professor died last year.

The professor has died.

be dead

e.g. The professor has been dead for one year. join

e.g. Robert joined the army in 2005.

Robert has joined the army.

be in the army

e.g. Robert has been in the army for two years. Robert has been in the army since 2005.

It’s (has been) two years since he joined the army. buy

e.g. Bob bought the dictionary in May. Bob has bought the dictionary. get, have

e.g. Bob has had the dictionary for four months. go

e.g. The delegation has gone to Japan.

The delegation has been to Japan.

be there, be here

e.g. The delegation has been in Japan for three years. 8. 过去完成时

a) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。 e.g. By the end of last year, the chemist had worked here for five years. b) 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。 e.g.The meeting had been on for two hours when we arrived there.

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c) 在含有as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。

e.g. I called him as soon as I got ticket of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

d) 过去完成时常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely, rarely …when…，“一…就…”句型之中，句子倒装。

e.g.Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out. 9. 将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。

e.g.By the time the next train arrives, the governor will have left.

e.g.The scientist will have finished writing the article by the time you get back. 10. 现在完成进行时：

表示从过去某时刻一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。

e.g.The Rices have been waiting on the platform for ten minutes now without seeing her.

历年真题：

1. No sooner had she entered the house ______ the telephone rang. (2004-4-44) A. when B. than C. as D. while 2. By next year he ______ in New York for five years. (2004-11-30) A. has worked B. has been working C. works D. will have worked 3．By the time you arrive this evening, ______ for two hours. (2004-11-41) A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying 4. Since he left the university, he ______ in a travel agency. (2006-4-16) A. has been working B. had worked C. had been working D. was working

5. Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985. She ____ for twenty years by next summer. (2007-11-43) A. will teach B. would have taught C. has been teaching D. will have been teaching 6. In another year or so, you _____ all about it. (2008-4-33) A. forget B. would forget C. have forgotten D. will have forgotten

练 习：

1. In this experiment, they were wakened several times during the night and asked to report what they ______.

A. had just been dreaming B. have just been dreaming C. are just dreaming D. had just dreamt 2. Not until the game had began ______ at the sports ground. A. had he arrived B. would he have arrived C. did he arrive D. should he have arrived 3. Until then, his family ______ from him for six months. A. didn’t hear B. hasn’t been hearing C. hasn’t heard D. hadn’t heard 4. The conference ______ a full week by the time it ends.

A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted

5. By the end of this month, we surely ______ a satisfactory solution to the problem.

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A. have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding 6. If you smoke in a non-smoking section, people ______. A. have objected B. objected C. must object D. will object 7. Pick me up at 8 o’clock. I ______ my bath by then.

A. will have had B. will be having C. can have had D. my have

8. It seems oil ______ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking 9. The Browns ______ here, but not any more. A. were used to living B. had lived C. used to live D. had been living 10. Bob’s leg got hurt ______ the Purple Mountains. A. While he is climbing up B. while we climbed up C. while he climbed up D. while we were climbing up 11. Orlando, a city in Florida, ______ for its main attraction, Magic Kingdom. A. which is well known B. well known C. is well-known D. being well known 12. We ______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

A. just have had B. have just had C. just had D. had just had 13. They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ______ their exams. A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finishing 14. Joe fell and hurt himself while he ______ tennis. A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played 15. One of the guards ______ when the general came in, which made him very angry. A. has slept B. were sleeping C. slept D. was sleeping 16. He has ______ the army for ten years and is now an officer. A. gone into B. joined in C. been in D. come into 17. The chemistry class ______ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on B. was on C. has been on D. would be on 18. No sooner had we sat down ______ we found it was time to go. A. than B. when C. as D. while

19. By the end of last month, the workers ______ 20,000 trees in the science and technology park. A. had planted B.have planted C. planted D. having been plant 20. By the end of next month, the workers ______ two parking lots in this area. A. had built B.have build C. have built D. will have built 21. No sooner had the boss left the company than ______. A. it began rain B. it began to raining C. it began to rain D. the weather began to rain 22. Hardly had he finished his speech ______ the audience started cheering. A. than B.when C.while D. then 23. No sooner had Susan entered the flat ______ the doctor knocked at the door. A. when B. than C. as D. while 24. By the time John gets home, his aunt ______. A. will have B. leaves C. will have left D. is leaving

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A. to hear clearly B. to be clearly heard C. to hearing clearly D. to being clearly heard 27. Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house ______ so well. A. to be decorated B. to decorate C. be decorated D. decorating 28. It was very difficult ______ me to learn Spanish. A. of B. to C. with D. for 29. It is necessary ______ the papers immediately. A. for you to hand in B. that you hand out C. your hand in D. for your hand in 30. I don’t remember ______. A. ever to be saying B. to have ever said C. having ever said that D. ever said that 31. No one avoids ______ by advertisements. A. influenced B. influencing C. to influence D. being influenced 32. Susan was very unhappy for not ______ to the party. A. to be invited B. having been invited C. inviting D. to have been invited 33. He forgot about ______ him to attend my wife’s birthday party. A. I asking B. my asking C. me to ask D. mine to ask 34. I object to ______ on the office phone.

A. his making private calls B. his make private calls C. his to make private calls D. him make private calls 35. Don’t risk ______ the job which so many people want. A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. your life to lose 36. I don’t think it is any use ______ this matter any further. A. discussing B. to discuss C. to discussing D. to be discussed 37. You don’t object ______ you by your first name, do you? A. for me to call B. me to call C. to my calling D. my calling 38. The students are looking forward to ______ their parents in winter vacation. A. see B. watch C. seeing D. being seen 39. Men will never stop ______ for new ways of getting new energy. A. search B. to search C. searching D. searched 40. You have been talking for two hours. How long do you intend to go on ______ like that? A. talking B. to talk C. doing talking D. talk 41. I’ve never read any books ______ by this writer. A. writes B. writing C. written D. to write 42. The middle-aged man was seen ______ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder. A. came B. come C. to come D. have come 43. John suggested ______ anything about it until they found out more facts. A. not to say B. saying not C. to say not D. not saying

Translation:

1. 我表妹一到澳门就给我写了信。 2. 两周内完成这项任务并不容易。

3. 怎样筹集到足够的资金仍然是个问题。 4. 她的愿望是嫁给一个诚实的年轻人。 5. 她没向我们告别就走了。

6. 罗伯特怕缺课太多，赶紧回到学校。

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7. 吉姆表示歉意，因为他没有遵守诺言。 8. 强盗手里拿着刀闯进了屋子。 9. 我后悔做了这样的事。

10. 被释人质重返家园与家人团聚真是令人感动的场景。 11. 他们发现在下午6点前不可能完成这项工作。 12. 他花了几个星期时间才适应了大学生活。 13. 即将建成的体育场能容纳6万多观众。

答 案：

历年真题：1-5 BBBAB 6-10 DCBCD 11-15 DCADA 16-20 DADAC

21-25 DDBAC 26-30 BCDDB 31-35 DABBA 36-37 CA

练 习：1-5 BDDBB 6-10 DDCBD 11-15 BDAAA 16-20 AAACD 21-25 CCADB 26-30 BADAC 31-35 DBBAA 36-40 ACCCA 41-43 CCD 翻 译：

1. My cousin wrote to me as soon as he arrived at Macau. 2. It is not easy to finish the task within two weeks.

3. How to get enough capital is still a question. / It is still a question how to get enough capital. 4. Her wish is to marry an honest young man. 5. She left without saying goodbye to us.

6. Robert hurried back to school for fear of missing / that he miss too many lessons. 7. Jim apologized for not having kept his promise. 8. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. 9. I regret having done such a thing.

10. The homecoming of the released hostages and their reunionwith their families was an affecting scene.

11. They found it impossible to finish the task before 6 pm. 12. It took him several weeks to adapt himself to college life. 13. The stadium to be built can hold more than 60,000 audience.

第四章 形容词和副词

形容词和副词的平行级、比较级和最高级 平行级 as +原级+as not as (so) +原级+as e.g. There are as many seats in this hall as in that one. We have as much snow this year as last year. The boxer doesn’t speak French so fluently as you.

These engines are not as powerful as those we have made. He doesn’t make so（as） much progress as he had expected. 比较级 -er more

e.g. It is cooler today in Mardrid than it was yesterday. Linda is cleverer than any other girl in his class. She has better memory than I.

Women are more patient with children than men. This company is better organized than that one.

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The horse runs little faster than the camel.

The Chang’an Street is far wider and longer than any other street in Beijing. Jim runs a little (a bit) faster than his younger brother. My sister is a head shorter than I.

I got to the cinema ten minutes later than John. Autumn is coming, it is getting cooler and cooler.

The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get. The sooner you leave the company, the better. In fact，the busier he is， the happier he feels。

The more he thought about the thing，the angrier he grew. No more than : only Not more than: less than

e.g.There is no more than 5 yuan in my purse. There is not more than 5 yuan in my purse.

最高级 -est most

Xiao Wang studies the hardest in our class.

e.g. Mary is cleverer than any other girl in her class. Mary is cleverest girl in her class.

The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.

The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.

I think that Anna is by far the most active member in our group.

Of the two lectures, the first was by far the better one, partly because the person who delivered it most: very

e.g. It is most dangerous to let children play with fire.

历年真题：

1. English is used by more people than is ______ language except Chinese. (2005-11-18) A. any B. any other C. other D. all other 2. This new coat cost me ______ the last one I bought two years ago. (2005-11-28) A. three times B. three times as much as C. three times as much D. three times much as 3. This morning Jack came to school later ______. (2006-11-43) A. than usual B. as usual C. like usual D. like usually

4. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ____ cars in 2002 as the year before. (2007-11-44) A. as many twice B. as twice many

C. twice many as D. twice as many

练 习：

1. We believe that the younger generation will prove ______ of our trust. A. worth B. worthless C. worthy D. worthwhile 2. England and America are ______ in many ways. A. like B. alike C. likely D. likewise 3. She is ______ of the two sisters.

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A. the tallest but the least beautiful B. tall but not beautiful C. the taller but the less beautiful D. taller but not as beautiful 4. Staying in a hotel costs _______ staying in a student’s dormitory a week. A. twice than B. twice as much as C. nearly always D. as twice much as 5. The old man often goes fishing with a ______. A. bamboo long fishing pole B. pole long, fishing and bamboo C. long bamboo fishing pole D. bamboo fishing pole, long 6. Mary is taller than ______ on the football team. A. any other girl B. any girl C. any other girls

Translation：

1. 我的新衣服比旧衣服贵一倍。 2. 情况比你想象的要复杂的多。 3. 今年雨量比去年大的多。 4. 我表妹喜爱足球胜过游泳。 5. 他越生气，我就越高兴。 6. 王英教英语比他姐姐认真。 7. 上海是中国最大的工业中心。 8. 黄河是中国第二条最长的河流。

9. 这个物理题不像我最初想象的那么复杂。 10. 今年我们新建的博物馆跟去年一样多。 11. 一般来说，女孩比男孩说话的时间要早。 12. 越来越多的人们关心我们的自然环境。

答 案：历年真题：1-4 BBBD 练 习：1-5 CBCBC 6 A 翻译：

1. My new dress cost me twice as much as the old one.

2. The situation was far more complicated than you could imagine. 3. We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year. 4. My cousin likes football more than swimming. 5. The angrier he becomes, the happier I am.

6. Wang Ying teaches Englisn more carefully than his sister. 7. Shanghai is the biggest center of industry in China. 8. The Yellow River is the second longest one in China.

9. This physics problem is not as complicated as I imaged at first. 10. We have built as many museums this year as we did last year. 11. Generally speaking，girls talk at an earlier age than boys.

12. More and more people are concerned about our natural environment.

D. other girls 19

第五章 情态动词

must: 表示推测，有三种形式：must do; must be doing; must have done. e.g. Judging by his accent, Ann must be from the North America. My aunt must be at the library.

My tutor must be correcting my paper.

The professor must be doing preparation for tomorrow’s lesson at home now.

The manager must have been very angry at the meeting because his employee said some tactless words.

---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. ---She must have gone by bus. ---Must I start out no？

---No, you needn’t. (No, you don’t have to.) ---Yes, you must. I must go now. I have to go now.

We’ll have to reconsider the matter. We must tide up the room every day.

情态动词+have+过去分词

情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。

1. may (might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。

e.g. Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 2. ought to have done sth, should have done sth

本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示\不该做某事而做了\。 e.g. You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment. He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。） ought to 在语气上比should 要强。 3. needn’t have done sth

e.g. The film actor brought a lot of clothes when he went to the seaside. But actually he needn't have done so, because it was hot there. 4. had better表示最好

had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth

e.g. It is pretty cold. You'd better put on your overcoat.

She’d better not play with the dog.

历年真题：

1. Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _____ last night. (2004-11-35) A. must rain B. was raining

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We study in the classroom of which the doors face south. C. 当先行词本身that是时

e.g. What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? 5. 只用who不用that

A. 先行词是one, ones或anyone时

e.g. One who does not work hard will never succeed. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. B. 先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时

e.g. Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. C. 在非限制性定语从句中指人

e.g. I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from America. She is one of the students who have been to the USA.

She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA. 6. 介词提前

e.g.Is this the worker to whom you spoke this morning?

I know the person with whom you shook hands just now.

Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other. 7. as, which的比较

A. 在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用。

e.g.The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected. They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.

Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before. B. 如从句在主句之前，用as。

e.g.As we all know, his parents were killed in this war. As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.

历年真题：

1. The writer has published many books, ______ are well received by the readers. (2004-4-17) A. none of whom B. all of which C. neither of who D. one of which

2. This is the dictionary ______ I depend a lot whenever I have problems with new words. (2004-4)A. with which B. in which C. on which D. for which 3. Do not trust such men ______ often like to praise you to your face. (2004-4-34) A. who B. that C. as D. they 4. ______ is known to us all, the earth moves around the sun. (2004-4-37) A. Because B. For C. So D. As

5. Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _____, of course, made the others jealous. (2005-4-31) A. who B. what C. that D. which

6. Evidence came up ____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. (2005-4-32)A. where B. that C. which D. what 7. ______ is well known, the key to success lies in hard work. (2005-4-43) A. As B. That C. Which D. What

8. The tsunami ___ over 160,000 people were killed was a terrible disaster for human beings. (2005-11-24)A. of that B. among which C. during that D. in which

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9. He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse. (2006-4-21) A. who B. whom C. what D. which

10. We live in a time _____ more than ever before in history, people are moving (2006-11-19) A. what B. when C. which D. where 11. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. (2007-11-45) A. where B. when C. that D. what

12. ______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (2008-4-30) A. Which

B. When C. What D. As 练 习：

1. We should learn from those ______ are always ready to help others. A. who B. whom C. they D. that

2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China now. A. works B. is working C. are working D. has been working 3. Tom is the only one of the students who ______ to Shanghai. A. have gone B. have been C. has been D. had gone 4. I, ______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am 5. The old man has two sons, ______ are lawyers. A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they 6. He is a man of great knowledge, ______ much can be learned. A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom 7. Do you know the man ______ just now? A. to who I nodded B. I nodded to C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him. 8. Please pass me the dictionary ______ cover is black. A. which B. its C. whose

D. which of

9. All the apples______ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs. A. which B. / C. that D. they 10. This is the biggest lab ______ we have ever built in our university. A. which B. what C. that D. where 11. Is oxygen the only gas ______ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which

D. what

12. Air, ______ we breathe every day, is around us all the time. A. that B. / C. which D. it 13. This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day. A. that B. which C. where D. in that 14. This museum is ______ you visited the other day. A. that B. which C. where D. the one 15. Is that the lab ______ we did physics experiments in during our middle school days. A. what B. where C. which D. the one 16. We often think of the days ______ we spent together on the island. A. when B. which C. in which D. during which 17. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ______ I left ten years ago? A. where B. which C. that

D. when

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18. He has left Beijing, ______ a meeting is to be held. A. when B. where C. as D. which 19. This is the very place ______ I’m wishing to live in. A. where B. which C. that D. in which 20. Is it in that factory ______ “Red Flag” cars are made? A. in which B. where C. that D. which 21. I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which 22. Can you solve such problems ______ raised by the audience? A. what were B. as were C. that were

D. than D. which were

23. The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was injured. A. that, because B. why, that C. why, because D. that, that 24. He must be from Africa, ______ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. it 25. ______ is natural, he married Mary. A. It B. What

C. Which

D. what D. As

26. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

27. This is one of the means ______ the electric energy is conducted from one place to another. A. by which B. by that C. through which D. through that 28. The last river ______ they crossed is two miles wide. A. where B. which C. that

D. in which

29. The Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks ______ built in the Qing Dynasty. A. where were B. where was C. that were D. which was 30. Robert is good at language, ______ we all know A. because B. for C. as D. since

31. Matter is anything ______. A. that take up space and have weight B. which take up space and have weight C. that takes up space and has weight D. those take up space and have weight 32. My tutor showed me the dictionary ______ she paid a lot of money. A. by which B. to which C. for which D. on which 33. Abraham Lincoln was a man ______ I have the greatest respect. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. for whom 34. Finally, the thief handed everything ______ he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 35. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose

36. Mayor will make an inspection of our school on Monday, ______ you can tell him how hard the situation we are in. A. where B. which C. when D. that

Translation：

1. 在工厂里有许多废料，所有的废料都可以在一定的条件下变废为宝。 2. 我们上周看望了那位患者，他热情地欢迎了我们。

3. 钢铁有很多有用的性能，它在机械制造业中得到了广泛的应用。

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4. 我们在展览会上看到的所有产品都是中国制造的。 5. 校长在报告中强调的几点确实很重要。 6. 这就是学生们不赞成你的计划的原因。 7. 光在一秒钟运行的距离为30万公里。 8. 明天想去颐和园的人在这里签名。

9. 这位生物学家刚从美国回来，他下个学期要教我们会计学。 10. 鲍勃计划明年到香港度假，他在哪儿有些亲戚。

答 案：历年真题：1-5 BCCDD 6-10 BADDB 11-12 AD

练 习：1-5 ACCBC 6-10 CBCCC 11-15 ACCDC 16-20 BBBCC 21-25 ABBBD 26-30 DACCC 31-35 CCDDD 36 C 翻 译：

1. In factories, there are many waste materials, all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition.

2. We went to see the patient last week, who gave us a hearty welcome.

3. Steel，which has many useful properties，is widely used in the machine-building industry. 4. All the products we saw at the exhibition are made in China.

5. The few points that the president stressed in his report are very important indeed. 6. That is the reason why the students are not in favor of your plan.

7. The distance that light travels in one second is 300 thousand kilometers. 8. Those who want to go the Summer Palace tomorrow sign their names here.

9. The biologist, who has just come back from the United States, will teach us accounting next term. 10. Bob is going to spend the holidays in Hong Kong next year, where he has some relatives.

第八章 状语从句

状语从句：修饰主句中的动词，形容词和副词，通常有从属连词引导，按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较等。 1. 时间状语从句：

e.g.Don’t refer to the dictionary each/every time you come upon a new word. Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong.

John will send you email as soon as he reaches New York.

Once you taste the noodles, you’ll never forget their delicious flavour. Not until I received the letter, did I know he had gone to America.

When I got to the airport, I suddenly remembered that I had left the ticket behind. I was about to leave, when something occurred which attracted my attention. Whenever we have difficulty, he’ll come to help us.

连词：no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely, barely)…when: e.g. No sooner had I opened the door than the telephone rang. 连 词：immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time e.g. As soon as he appears on the stage every time, the audience begin to cheer. I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.

I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter. 2. 地点状语从句：一般用where or wherever 引导 e.g.I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.

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Wherever they went, they were warmly welcome. 3. 条件状语从句：

真实条件从句：if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc.

e.g.Suppose/Supposing (that) you fail again this time, what will you do? If it rains tomorrow，Helen will stay at home.

In case anything important happens, please call me up.

I will not go to her party if my sister-in-law doesn’t invite me. I will not go to her party unless she invites me. 4. 原因状语从句：

从属连词有because, as, since, now that, in that, seeing that, considering that。

e.g. As the school regulations are written quite clearly, there is nothing more to be explained. Considering that the sweater was hard made, it was not expensive. Seeing that they are inexperienced, they are doing quite a good job. Now that the guests have arrived, let’s begin our dinner party. I criticized him, not because I hate him but because I love him. 5. 让步状语从句：

1) even if, though, even though, while, no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, e.g.He will not give up smoking even though the doctor advises him to. Whatever the consequence may be, I will be on your side.

However hard the new comer tried to explain, nobody trusted her. Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.

2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首.

e.g. Simple as the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature. in fact Cold as it is, the children play outdoors.

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with him. Object as you may, I will go on with my plan.

Child as he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 6. 结果状语从句：

so that, so…that, such…that

e.g.He is so humorous that we’ll never forget him.

My roommate is such a nice girl that everybody likes to make friends with her.

Lucy hurried to the office only to find that she had forgotten to bring the key to the door. 7. 目的状语从句：

so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case

e.g.I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes. Telephone us in advance in order that we might make the necessary arrangements. 8. 方式状语从句：as, just as, as if: 如同…一样 e.g.We should do the exercise as our teacher tells us. You talked as if you had really been there. It looks as if it is going to rain.

Nails protect the ends of human fingers and toes as claw protect the toes of most animals. The young man operates the machine as the old worker has taught him. 9. 比较状语从句： 1) as…as, not so/as…as

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e.g. The film was not so exciting as we expected.

The history of nursing is as long as the history of man. She likes them almost as much as Paul does. 2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than e.g. Lucy looks much younger than she is.

The universe is a lot more complicated than you think. 3) no more…than, not more…than, less…than e.g.Jack is no more frightened than Mike is. Jack is not more frightened than Mike is. 4) the more…the more

e.g. The more work the gardener does, the happier he feels.

历年真题：

1. The doctor will not perform the operation ______ it is absolutely necessary. (2005-4-44) A. so B. if C. for D. unless

2. ______ you feel too ill to go out. I would rather not stay at home tonight. (2006-11-21) A. Because B. Although C. Unless D. If

3. We hurried to the station ______ find ourselves three hours earlier for the train. (2006-11-17 ) A. only to B. in order to C. so as to D. such as to

练 习：

1. No sooner had they got the goods covered up ______ it started raining hard. A. when B. than C. then D. after 2. She has wanted to become a nurse ______ since she was a young girl. A. long B. often C. always D. ever

3. ______ you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. Provided 4. Young ______ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do. A. that B. as C. although D. however 5. He talks as if he ______ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known 6. I wrote it down ______ I should forget it. A. in case B. in case of C. in order that D. for fear of 7. They are ______ students that they all performed well in the nationwide examinations. A. so diligent B. such diligent C. so much diligent D. such very diligent 8. ---What was the party like?

---Wonderful. It's years ______ I enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since

9. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _____ Father was away in France. A. as B. that C. during D. if 10. Why do you want a new job ______ you got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when

11. After the war, a new teaching building was put up ______ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when

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12. ______, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is

13. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ______ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever 14. We won't give up ______ we should fail ten times. A. even if B. since C. whether D. until 15. ______ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 16. You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again. A. When B. where C. then D. there

17. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when 18. John may phone tonight. I don't want to go out ______ he phones. A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that 19. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ______. A. will arrive B. arrives C. is arriving D. is going to arrive 20. The volleyball match will be put off if it ______. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining 21. ---Can I join your club, Dad?

---You can when you ______ a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have get 22. Remeber to send me a photo of your son next time you ______ to me. A. write B. will write C. are writing D. would write 23. If it ______ for the snow, we ______ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 24. We’ll have to finish the job, ______. A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes. D. however long it takes

25. It was not ______ she took off her glasses ______ I realized she was a famous star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then 26. It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began. A. while B. which C. that D. since 27. You must speak louder in order that ______ by all.

A. you can be heard B. can you be heard C. you can heard D. you can be hear

Translation：

1. 我把我的电话号码告诉你，以便你到达这里后可以给我打电话。 2. 他因为腿受伤了所以不能上学。

3. 人人都喜欢你，因为你既和气又诚实。

4. 他们已开过几次会议来起草明年的生产计划。 5. 当约翰回到家才发现把存折忘在办公室了 6. 这个大厅太小了容纳不了这么多人。

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7. 虽然天气很冷，这位市民还是跳到河里救起了那位落水者。 8. 飞机飞得那么高，以至于我们几乎看不到它。

9. 不管你走到哪里，你都会看到那座城市发生的巨大变化。 10. 只要我们不丧失信心，就一定能把外语学好。

答 案：历年真题：1-3 DCA

练 习：1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ABDAD 11-15 BDCAA

16-20 BDCBB 21-25 AACDB 26-27 CA

翻 译：1. I’ll give you my phone number so that you can call me when you arrive here. 2. He cannot go to school because he is hurt in the leg. 3. Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.

4. They have held several meetings to draw up next year's production plans.

5. John didn’t find that his bank account had been lost in the office until he got home. 6. The hall is too small to contain so many people. to hold

7. Cold as it was，the American citizen jumped into the river and saved the drowning man. a drowning dog

8. The plane flies at such a high altitude that we could hardly see it.

9. Wherever you go, you will see great changes that have taken place in that city. 10. As long as we don’t lose confidence, we are sure to learn English well.

第九章 虚拟语气

1. if

A. 与现在事实相反

e.g. If I were a millionaire, I might lend some money to you. If her niece had 100 yuan on him, she would get the toy car. B. 与过去事实相反

e.g. If the novelist had invited him, Tom would have gone to the party.

If he had known your email address last night, the surgeon could have sent you the information. Mary could have checked the examination paper again if she had had more time, C. 与将来事实相反

e.g. If it rained tomorrow, the photographer would stay at home. If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

e.g. If she had taken your advice, everything would be all right. If she had taken the medicine yesterday, she would be all right today. Without air, there would be no wind.

e.g. If I were a bird, I could fly out of the window.

If he had come to the office yesterday, the agent would have got the film tickets.

在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 2. as if

e.g. Peter speaks to me angrily as if he were my boss.

She speaks English very fluently as if she had studied it in England before.

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3. wish

e.g. I wish my husband were an astronaut.

My brother-in-law wishes he had not lost his pony. 4. It is time…

e.g. It is time that he went to the Yellowstone National Park. It is time that we sang the song 123. 5. would rather

e.g. I would rather that my fiancé fiancee bought me a birthday gift .

The professor would sooner that the students gathered in the gymnasium tomorrow morning. 6. It is/was … that

e.g. It is necessary that the doctor be sent to the countryside at once . It was arranged that he start the following week. 7. 宾语从句

以ask, advise, command, decide, demand, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest等词后引导的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。 e.g. They demanded that the right to vote be given to every adult. The manager suggested that the shipment be made within ten days. The reporter insisted that Tom chair the meeting. 8. for fear/ in case/ lest

e.g. Take the umbrella with you for fear that (in case, lest) it rain.

历年真题：

1. ______ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business. (2004-4-32)A. If he took B. If he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken 2. But for my classmates’ help, I ______ the work in time. (2004-4-36) A. did not finish B. could not finish C. will not finish D. would not have finished

3. The doctor advised her that she ______ enough rest before going back to work.. (2004-4-42) A. to get B. get C. gets D. got 4. Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I ______ it to you.” (2004-4-45) A. will return B. must return C. could return D. would have returned 5. It’s vital that enough money ______ collected to get the project started. (2004-11-24) A. is B. be C. must be D. can be 6. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth ______ well. (2004-11-32) A. would not grow B. will not grow C. had not grown D. would not be grown 7. I would have joined him in a picnic, but I ______ his company. (2004-11-42) A. will not like B. don’t like C. had not liked D. might not like 8. Let’s finish our homework in a few seconds; it’s time we ______.(2005-4-43)

A. played football B. will play football C. play football D. are playing football 9. Rubber differs from plastics ______ it is produced naturally and not in the lab. (2005-4-37) A. at that B. in that C. for that D. with that 10. He abandoned a career that ____ to his becoming one of the most influential people in the world. (2005-11-33)

A. could have led B. would lead C. should have led D. must lead 11. The doctor’s advice was that the patient ______ at once. (2005-11-34)

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A. to be operated B. being operated C. be operated D. operated

12. I don’t think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience. (2006-11-29) A. be assigned B. is assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned

13. She says she’d rather he ______ tomorrow instead of today. (2007-11-28) A. leaves B. left C. leave D. would leave

练 习：

1. ______ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 2. If the boy had ______ the dog alone it wouldn't have bitten him. A. set B. left C. had D. put 3. ---If he ______, he ______ that food.

---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. You didn't let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired. A. drove; didn't get B. drove; would get C. were driving; wouldn't get D. had driven; wouldn't have got 5. I would ask George to lend us the portable computer if I ______ him. A. had known B. have known C. knew D. know

6. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _____ the same language? A. spoke B. speak C. had spoken D. will speak 7. If Bob ______ with us, he would have had a good time.

A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came 8. ______ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 9.______, I should ask them some questions. A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us 10. Without your help, we ______ so much. A. didn’t achieve B. would not have achieved C. will not achieve D. don’t achieve 11. But for the rain, we ______ a nice holiday.

A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had 12. Peter wishes that he ______ law instead of literature when he was in college. A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study 13. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ______ there. A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be 14. I’d ______ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind. A. rather B. better C. happier D. further

15. I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ______ next month for a dinner. A. come B. would come C. came D. have come 16. It’s desired that she ______ to teach us at least twice a week.

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A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come 17. It’s urgent that a meeting ______ before the final decision is made. A. will be arranged B. must be arranged C. be arranged D. would be arranged 18. It’s high time we ______ something to stop traffic accident. A. do B. will do C. did D. must do 19. Don’t you think it is time you ______ smoking? A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up 20. John’s suit was old and it’s high time he ______ a new one. A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. buy

Translation：

1. 我宁愿你于明天来而不是今天来。

2. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 3. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。

4. 教授建议我们大学的校长乘飞机经由香港去澳大利亚。 5. 你这个故事讲得很生动，好像你看过那本小说似的。（表示想象中的过去的动作） 6. 如果你那时没有及时离开，我无法想象会发生什么情况。 7. 要不是你的帮助，我们是不会及时完成我们的任务。 8. 如果不辞职的话，他现在会过得好得多。

9. 如果有机会，约翰也许就已经成为一位杰出的钢琴家了。 10. 我父母该到湖边散步去了

答 案：历年真题：1-5 DDBDB 6-10 ABABA 11-13 CAB

练 习：1-5 BBBDC 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 BCCAC 16-20 CCCBC

翻译：1. I'd rather you came tomorrow than today.

2. They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 3. He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning.

4. The professor suggested that the president of our university (should) take airplane to go to Australia via Hong Kong.

5. You told the story vividly as if you had read the novel.

6. If you hadn’t left in time then, I couldn’t image what would have happened.

7. But for/without /If it had not been for your help we could not have finished our task in time. 8. If he had not resigned, he would have a much better life.

9. Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding pianist. 10. It’s time that my parents went for a walk along the lake.

第十章 倒装句

1. 否定词放置句首的倒装 否定词放置句首时，助动词或be动词要放在主语的前面进行倒装。常用的否定词有：no, not, never, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, in/under no circumstance, by no means, no sooner…than等。

e.g. Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

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注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。

e.g. I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than

e.g. Not only did the team leader refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于

句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 e.g. Not only you but also I am fond of music. 2. only放置句首的倒装

e.g.Only this morning did I hear the sad news.

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。 e.g.Only when he is seriously ill, does he stay in bed. 3. nor, neither, so的倒装

nor, neither, so用于句首时, 句子要倒装。 so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。

e.g. S o frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

It is hot, my sister-in-law feels like going swimming. So he does. 4. 虚拟语气中的倒装

在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 e.g. Were I you, I would try it again.

as引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。 注意:

1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。e.g. Child as he is, he can speak three languages fluently. 2) 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义 动词一起放在主语之前。

e.g. Try hard as he can, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

历年真题：

1. ______ at Harvard, he began to write his essay. (2004-4-44) A. Busy was as he B. Busy as was he C. Busy as he was D. As was he busy

2. Only recently ______ to deal with the environmental problems. (2004-11-33) A. something has done B. has something done C. has something been done D. something has been done 3. By no means ______ our mistakes. (2005-11-36) A. we ought ignore B. we ought to ignore C. ought we ignore D. ought we to ignore 4. ______, he felt tired out after the long journey for eight hours. (2005-11-42) A. Strong as he is B. The stronger he is

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C. Strong man that he is D. For he is strong 5. In no case ______ the students from exploring new ideas. (2006-11-28) A. we should prevent B. we could prevent C. should we prevent D. shouldn’t prevent 6. ______ the first to use nuclear weapons. (2008-4-44) A. At no time China will be B. Never China will be C. Will China never be

D. At no time will China be 练 习：

1. Not until the game had began ______ at the sports ground. A. had he arrived B. would he have arrived C. did he arrive D. should he have arrived 2. Not until all the fish died in the river ______ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didn't the villagers realize 3. ---Why can’t I smoke here?

---At no time ______ in the meeting-room. A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 4. Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know

5. Not until I reminded him for the third time ______ working and looked up. A. that he stopped B. does he stopped C. did he stop D. that he stopped 6. ______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving. A. Little they realize B. They little do realize C. Little realize do they D. Little do they realize

7. So little ______ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me. A. did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I know 8. I didn’t finish reading that French book, neither ______. A. did he B. didn’t he C. he did D. he could 9. ______ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 10. ______, I should ask them some questions. A. Should they come to us B. If they come to us C. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us 11. ______ had he opened the door _____ a gust of wind blew the candle out. A. Scarcely … than B. Scarce … when C. no sooner … when D. Scarcely … when … 12. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted. A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize 13. ---Do you know Tom bought a new car? --I don't know, ______. A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

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14. In no case ______ to difficulties.

A. we should give up B. should we give up C. should give up we D. give up should we 15. Little______ that the police are about to arrest him.

A. he knows B. he doesn’t know C. does he know D. doesn’t he know

Translation：

1. 只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。 2. 他买不起新车，我也买不起。

3. 去年我几乎没有想到能为贵公司工作。 4. 铜是良导体，许多其它金属也是。 5. 我要是早点动身就能赶上火车了。 6. 这位友人从未见过这么宽的河。

7. 只有在森林深处我们才可能找到这么罕见的植物。 8. 直到比赛开始苏珊才来到运动场。 9. 昨天晚上，琳达刚躺下电话铃就响了。 10. 艾利斯不仅抱怨食物，而且还拒绝付款。

答 案：历年真题：1-5 CCDAC 6 D 练 习：1-5 CAADC 6-10 DAABA 11-15 DBBBC 翻 译：1. Only under such a condition will he make steady progress. 2. He can't afford a new car. Neither can I.

3. Little did I think a year ago that I could work for your company. 4. Copper is a good conductor. So are many other metals. 5. Had I left a little earier, I would have caught the train. 6. Never has the foreige friend seen so wide a river. 7. Only in the deep forest can we find such rare plants.

8. Not until the race began did Susan come to the playground. 9. Hardly had Linda lain down when the telephone rang.

10. Not only did Alice complain about the food but also she refused to pay for it.

第十一章 强调句

强调句型的基本形式：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who…

e.g. George bought a mobile phone at Wang Fujing Department Store last month. It was …….

历年真题：

1. It is from my grandparents ______ I learned a lot. (2004-4-16)

A. who B. whom C. that D. which 2. It was not until it got dark ______ working. (2005-4-27)

A. that they stopped B. when they stopped C. did they stop D. that they didn’t stop 3. It is because he is kind and modest ______ he wins the respect of others. (2005-11-40) A. what B. which C. why D. that 4. It was not until dawn ______ their way out of the forest. (2006-4-18) A. when they found B. that they found C. did they find D. that they didn’t find

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5. It was while she was sleeping in her bedroom ______ a thief broke into the house. (2006-4-36) A. which B. that C. where D. than

6. Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronaut succeeded landing ______ the moon? (2007-11-40)

A. when; on B. that; on C. which; in D. that; in

练 习：

1. It was in that small room ______ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come. A. where B. in which C. which D. that 2. It is because she is very devoted to her students ______ she is respected by them. A. that B. which C. what D. who 3. It was not until she arrived in class ______ realized she had forgotten her book. A. and she B. when C. she D. that she 4. It was through experimentation ______ people found out the behavior of electricity.

A. that B. which C. / D. the

Translation：

1. 那天下午正是他的邻居将他送到附近的医院。 2. 上周科学家们发射的是第三颗人造卫星。 3. 我希望你给我的是一份更加详细的报告。

答 案：历年真题：1-5 CADBB 6 D 练习：1-4 DADA

翻 译：1. It was her neighbour who/that sent him to the nearby hospital that afternoon. 2. It was their third man-made satellite that the scientists launched last week. 3. It is a more detailed report that I hope you to give me.

第十二章 附加疑问句

附加疑问句的基本用法:附加疑问句由两部分构成：陈述句+附加问句。 一般的规则是：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。

e.g. Bob has three brothers and three sisters, hasn’t he / doesn’t he?

当have 和它后面的名词构成固定搭配，have作“有”以外解释时，附加疑问句要用助动词（do/does/did）。

e.g. You had a swim yesterday, didn’t you?

You used to sleep with the window open, usedn’t you / didn’t you? I don’t think that it is the correct answer, isn’t it?

They said they would be present at the meeting, didn’t they? 祈使句

e.g. Let each man decide for himself, will you? Let us have a get-together on the weekend, will you? Please don’t go across the road at random, will you？ Let’s stop and have our lunch here, shall we? 历年真题：

1. Don’t forget to write to me, ______? (2004-4-23) A. will you B. didn’t you C. are you D. don’t you 2. We had to wait a long time to get our passports, ______? (2004-11-22) A. won’t we B. don’t we C. didn’t we D. shouldn’t you

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