四六级- 2011英语四级考试必备：核心词汇(3)

四六级 - [四级词汇] 2011英语四级考试必备：核心词汇（3）

[四级词汇] 2011英语四级考试必备：核心词汇（3） elaborate a. 精心设计的，复杂的

elastic n. 橡皮圈(带) a. 有弹性的

equivalent a. 相等的 a. 相等物

erect a. 竖直的 v. 建造，竖立

fax n. vt. 传真

fertile a. 肥沃的；多产的

fertilizer n. 肥料

grateful a. 感激的

gratitude n. 感激

generate vt. 生成，产生(光、热、电等)

genuine a. 真的，真诚的

gasoline n. 汽油

gesture n. 姿势，手势

giant a. 巨大的 n. 巨人，巨物

glimpse n. 一瞥，一看

glory n. 光荣，荣誉

glorious n. 光荣的，极好的

golf n. 高尔夫球运动

horror n. 恐怖

horrible a. 可怕的

Internet n. 国际互联网，因特网

Interpret v. 翻译，解释

interpretation n. 解释，说明

jungle n. 丛林，密林

knot n. 结 vt. 把...打成结

hostile a. 敌对的，敌意大

household n. 家庭，户

holy a. 神圣地，圣洁的

hint n. 暗示，示意

insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的

insurance n. 保险，保险费

insure vt. 给...保险，保证，确保

identification n.鉴别，证明

hesitate v. 犹豫

highlight vt. 强调，突出

hence ad. 因此，所以；今后，从此

herd n. 兽群，牧群

kneel vi. 跪

label n. 标签

likelihood n. 可能，可能性

merchant n. 商人

mere a. 仅仅的，只不过的；纯粹的

nuisance n. 令人讨厌的东西(或人)

numerous a. 众多的，许多的

[四级语法] 春假特辑：四级语法专项练习题-代词

二、代词

1. ______men are created equal

A)Both B)A C)All D)Others

2. ______will be taking charge of this.

A)You, I and he B)You, he and I C)I, you and he D)He, you and I

3. Would you do the same thing if you were______?

A)her B)she C)herself D)hers

4. The ambassador gave ______ students a lecture last week.

A)we B)ours C)us D)ourselves

5. Tracy damaged the vase ______ .

A)of her B)her own C)of she own D)of her own

6. Our room is on the first floor and ______ is on the third floor.

A)theirs B)their C)they’s D)themselves

7. I did not borrow her bicycle; instead, I borrowed ______ .

A)his B)him C)he D)he’s

8. Look at that huge head ______ !

A)of him B)of he C)of himself D)of his

9. She went to the workers’ club ______ .

A)himself B)herself C)myself D)yourself

10. The desk ______ is not heavy.

A)himself B)herself C)itself D)yourself

11. ______ are you talking about?

A)Who’s B)Which’s C)Whom D)What’s

12. ______ is going to speak to the student tomorrow?

A)Whom B)Who C)What D)Whose

13.______do you usually have for breakfast?

A)What B)Who C)Whom D)Whose

14. ______ of you girls come from Southwest?

A)What B)Who C)Whom D )Which

15. ______ ever did he choose?

A)Which B)Which’s C)Who’s D)Whom’s

16. ______ do you prefer, bread or rice?

A)What B)Which C)Who D)Whom

17. The detective thought the guilty party to be ______ because I had the strongest motive.

A)mine B)I C)me D)myself

18. The foreign tourists said that they had never seen ______ beautiful places before.

A)so B)such C)this D)that

19. The ______ thing happened to her again and again.

A)same B)this C)that D)such

20. Take from the cabinet ______ as you need.

A)so B)that C)such D)this

21. Is that the ______ kind of car as yours?

A)so B)that C)same D)this

22. She has told me ______ about her visit to Shanghai.

A)every B)all C)each D)both

23. There are railway station in ______ city in this province.

A)everyone B)all C)both D)every

24. ______ of them finished his homework assignment.

A)Every B)Everyone C)Each D)All

25. Some went to the Summer Palace, ______ visited the Great wall.

A)other B)others C)another D)the other

26. The inspector will stay here for ______ ten days.

A)other B)the other C)others D)another

27. ______ of them took part in the sports meet.

A)None B)Nobody C)All no D)All not

28. No one ______ everything in the world.

A)knows B)know C)knowing D)not know 答案

1 c 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 d 6 a 7 a 8 d 9 b 10 c 11 c 12 b 13 a 14 d 15 a 16 b 17 c 18 b 19 a 20 c 21 c 22 b 23 d 24 c 25 b 26 d 27 a 28 a

[四级听力] 2011春假特辑：四级听力常考习语（3） 13、briefing

1、简介。会议之前，总要有一个项目叫做Give a briefing.

Mrs. Lung’s briefing seems to go on forever. Lung女士的简报似乎没完没了。

2、news / press briefing 新闻发布会

14、change

1、改变，更改。这是该词的基本意思，看两个例子回顾一下。

I’d love to see a different type of movie for a change. 我想换换口味，看场不同类型的电影。

I’ll have to get my ticket changed. 我必须得更改我的票。

2、零钱。这是在口语中经常使用的意思。

Two tickets and here’s a dollar forty cents change. 这是两张票以及一美元四十美分的找零。

Jane, do you have some change? I have to make a call on the pay phone.

Jane，你有零钱吗？我想在公用电话亭打个电话。

15、check

1、检查。基本意思。check our baggage 检查行李

Could you check for me who borrowed it? 你能帮我查查是谁借走了吗？

Did you check the power plug and press the play button?

你是否检查了电源插头并按了播放键了呢？

2、登机台。check-in counter

Is this the check-in counter for Flight 914 to Los Angeles?

这是飞往洛杉矶的914号航班的登机台吗？

3、询问。check on it 问问看

Maybe I should call to check on it. 也许我应该打个电话问问看。

4、支票。

Sign the check. 签这张支票。

16、copy

1、一本，一份。a copy of 口语中经常使用。

I’d like to buy a copy of Professor Franklin’s book On American Culture.

我想买本富兰克林教授写的关于美国文化的书。

Would you like a copy of professor Smith’s article?

你想要份史密斯教授的文章吗？

2、复印。简单动词。

Could you copy this article for me? 你能为我拷贝一下这篇文章吗？

17、count

1、数数。

She is counting the days. 她每天都在数着日子。

2、指望。count on 依赖

We’ll have to count on good weather. 我们不得不指望一个好天气。

18、cover

1、封面。hard cover 精装书，与hard back book同意。另外，每个娱乐杂志的封面都免不了会有一位漂亮时尚的cover figure(封面人物)。

The hard cover is on sale for the same price as the paperback this week in the bookshop.

在书店，这些精装本与平装本价格相同。

2、读完，完成。

I think we’ve covered everything. 我认为我们完成所有事情了。

I just covered a few chapters which interested me most. 我只读完了自己最感兴趣的几章。

[四级阅读] 2011四级考试阅读理解做题时间分配策略

如果程序合理化以后，我们要有另外一些东西注意一下，比如考试时间的分布，刚才我其实讲了，每一篇文章可能我们需要注意什么东西。比如这个时间，一篇文章可能是一加四加四，这样的时间，用九到十分钟时间分析一下我们这篇文章，完成文章的一个讲解和阅读。

其实，我们的阅读涉及到方方面面，它会涉及到更多东西。所以我从以下几个时间概念，让大家对考试有一些更多的感觉。

首先我想最宏观的一个35加5这个概念。我们四级，要求是我们的35分钟做完，我们的四篇文章，但是这个时间一般是不够的，建议大家我们从另外的题型当中，比方我们的词汇或者是从我们的写作，不管怎么样，从另外的题型，借五分钟时间给我们的阅读。这样你会发现，我们会有40分钟做四篇文章。按照以前的一些考试经历来讲，四级考生，用40分钟做四篇文章，这个时候，他的正确率是最高的。

这是我们的考试时间和正确率的一个黄金搭配。建议大家35加5，从另外题型超过5分钟时间给我们的阅读。

另外，要注意第二个概念。我们四级里面，还要注意，22加18这个概念。什么意思呢?现在我们用40分钟，怎么去分配我们这40分钟，同学们比较关心。建议大家有一个时间概念，22加18.就是我们通常在考试过程当中，会用22分钟左右的时间，来完成前两篇文章。为什么是这样子?原因是前两篇文章，我们做题速度可能还没有赶上来，刚开始，速度有点慢。后两篇文章，考生的做题速度会比较快，很多考生，可以用7到8分钟做完一篇文章。不管怎么讲，建议大家用22加18的时间概念是比较合理的。这一点，其实对我们的考试心理状态，有一种比较好的调节。

很多考生在考试过程中，可能前两篇文章用了22到25分钟时间可能会比较紧张。可能会随便做了一下，讲求一个速度，总感觉自己来不及了，所以，后面两篇文章的正确率会下降。其实没有必要。为什么呢?因为22加18这个概念，就是稳住我们的心理状态。告诉你们一点，如果在考试过程当中，用22分钟时间或者是25分钟时间，看我们前两篇文章，这是非常合理的。这是我们的第二个概念。

告诉我们考试过程中可能会遇到什么情况。我们用怎么样的心理状态去应对它。

第三，我们要注意的一个概念是，我们刚才讲的，一加一加四的概念。每篇文章我们可能用

10分钟时间，在考试过程当中，我们用9分钟做出一篇文章比较合理。在考前，我们用9分钟来练每一篇文章比较合理。这9分钟怎么分配它，这涉及到一篇文章的操作程序问题。所以我提到了9等于1加4加4，这是刚才谈到的做题程序问题。

[六级词汇] 2011六级考试核心词汇及例句分析（3） benefit n.利益促进或增强福利的东西；好处(07-12)

E-books have so many benefits that they will replace traditional books. (08-6)

benign adj.和蔼的；温和的；慈祥的(02-1,)

bias n.偏见；成见(, 00-6)

The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman publication because the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world.( 96-6)

Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. (02-6)

biotech n.生物工艺学(05-6,07-6)

She now works in the biotech forestry division of a major paper company. (07-6)

blame v.谴责；归咎(08-6, )

The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass.(90-1)

blond adj.金发的(05-6)

board n.木板 vt.(收费)供…膳食；搭乘（飞机，船等）交通工具（07-12）

Susan stood motionless at the end of the diving board, hands at her side, heels slightly raised, every muscle anticipating action. (92-6)

When you board a plane, a machine may soon be scanning more than your bags—it may be studying your face. (93-1)

boundary n.界线；边界

burden n.负荷；负担（99-6,00-6）

British universities, groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are warning that the tradition of a free education is at risk.(99-6)

candidate n.候选人, 投考者（94-1，95-1，95-6，99-1，99-6，02-1，02-12，07-6）

Your qualities will exhibit to employers why they should hire you over other candidates. （07-6）

capital n. 首都；资金，资本（05-12，06-6，06-12）

It will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. （07-12）

catastrophe n.大灾难, 大祸（08-6）

category n.种类, 部属; 类目

centralize v.集聚, 集中

challenge n.挑战

The challenge is particularly evident in the work—place. （07-12）

characteristic adj.表示特性的；典型的；特有的 n. 特征，特性 (06-6)

If you display these characteristics, with just a little luck, you’ll certainly succeed in the typical personnel interview.(95-1)

charge v.要价；索价；

circumstance n.环境, 详情, 境况 （07-12）

Losing everything you own under such circumstances can be distressing. (06-12)

citizen n.市民, 公民（08-12）

In 1997, NASA published a report concluding that selling trips into space to private citizens could be worth billions of dollars.（06-12）

claim v.要求，认领，索赔

Mothers have always claimed that they could see their newborns looking at them as they held them, despite what they have been told. （91-1）

It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.（97-1）

clinical adj.临床的；临诊的

clip n.小夹子；回形针不及物动词 vi. 夹上,夹住

Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.（93-6）

cloud n.云, 烟云（02-6）

cluster n.一串；一束；一群 vt. 群集，聚集（06-12）

When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. （01-6）

coastal adj.海岸的 （02-6）

coincidence n.巧合；巧合的事

It is no coincidence that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol.

大量的暴力犯罪都是在酒精的作用下发生的，这一点并非巧合。

combine v.联结；结合 （08-12）

This information is combined with a map database.（02-1）

commerce n.商业（02-12）

commodity n. 货场；商品；物品

In his generation money was thought of as a real commodity (实物) that could be carried, or stolen.（92-1）

communicate v. 交流；通信

With stunning speed, the Internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business, and communicate.（05-12）

community n.社区

Why do some non-native speakers of English claim that it is a difficult language to learn, while infants born into English-speaking communities acquire their language before they learn to use forks and knives? （2009.6）

为什么英语非母语者认为英语难学，而英语环境出生的幼儿在学会使用刀叉前就已经掌握英语了呢？

comparative adj. 比较的（08-12）

compatibility n. 适合， 适应（性）（95-1） [六级语法] 2011英语六级考试攻克语法必备练习（3）

If you are a man,you can point out that most poets and men of science are male;if you are woman,you can retort that so are most criminals.

【妙译】如果你是男人，你会指出，大多数诗人和科学家都是男性的;如果你是妇女，你会反驳说，大多数罪犯都是男性的。

【点拨】a本句是一个以分号连接的并列复合句。在第一分句中，从属连词if引导条件状语从句，that引导的从句时动词短语point out的宾语。第二个分句的结构基本与分句一的相同。B在第二个分句里，that引导的宾语从句使用了倒装的形式：most criminals是主语，so是表语，代替male以避免重复。本句是表示两种事物的对比，倒装的使用有较强的表现力。

1.In India more than one hundred languages are spoken,__1___ which only

fourteen are recognized as official.Many foreigners are curious about that how they understand others and communicate with others. And the mystery that different languages create the same ancient culture also attracts the overseas students. So,the course normally attracts 20 students per year,___2___up to half will be from overseas.

1.[a]of in [c]with [d]within

2.[a]in which for whom [c]with which [d]of whom

2.The goals, fame and wealth,___3____he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.Tom took only such men and things_____4___he really needed into the jungle with him.He wanted to seek a new and different experience, and explore the nature of life.

1.[a]after which for which [c]with which [d]at which

2.[a]which that [c]as [d]who

1.选a.该题考查定语从句引导词前介词的选择。定语从句可以由―介词+which/whom‖来引导，介词的选择取决于从句动词的搭配关系以及从句本身的意义。本题中which代表前面的one hundred languages,根据句意，其中14种被定为官方语言，这是一种部分与整体的关系，所以关系代词前面的介词要用of.

2.选d.该题考察非限定性定语从句。观察句子结构及四个选项可以看出这里需要一个―介词+关系代词‖的结构引导定语从句，因其先行词为人(20students)，且从句中需一个表范围

的词，介词of表示―在一群人当中有一个或几个‖

3.选b.该题考点为―介词+关系代词‖引导的定语从句。关系代词which代表goals在从句中作fight for的宾语。

4.选c.该题考查such….as引导定语从句。As为关系代词，在该从句中为宾语。

[六级听力] 名师总结六级历年真题：必会短语（3） 21.By no means :绝不 /anything but

22.Check in/out

23.Come up:发生，出现，提出

24.Come up with:针对问题，挑战等提出，想出，赶上

I spent a whole week searching on the net, but came up with nothing valuable.

25.Concentrate on/focus on 集中

26.Deal with /cope with 处理

27.Drop in :顺便拜访

28.Drop out of:不参与，退出

They’re likely to drop out of school and less likely to succeed in life.

29.Eat one’s words 食言

30.Fall short of:达不到，不符合

Its results fell short of her expectation.（2002-1） [六级阅读] 2011春假特辑：六级阅读每日一练（3） Passage3

President Clinton’s decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on China’s entry into the World Trade Organization seemed to be a massive miscalculation. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag. The Cabinet and Whit House still appeared divided, and business leaders were characterized as furious over the lost opportunity. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked ―the courage‖ to reach an accord. And when Clinton later telephoned the angry Zhu to pledge a renewed effort at negotiations, the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop.

In fact, Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal. A lot more horse trading is needed before a final agreement can be reached. And without the Administration’s goal of a ―bullet-proof agreement‖ that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.

THE HARD PART. Many business lobbyists, while disappointed that the deal was

not closed, agree that better terms can still be had. And Treasury Secretary Robert E. Rubin, National Economic Council Director Gene B. Sperling, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley, and top trade negotiator Charlene Barshefsky all advised Clinton that while the Chinese had made a remarkable number of concessions, ―we’re not there yet,‖ according to senior officials.

Negotiating with Zhu over the remaining issues may be the easy part. Although Clinton can signal U.S. approval for China’s entry into the WTO himself, he needs Congress to grant Beijing permanent most-favored-nation status as part of a broad trade accord. And the temptation for meddling on Capital Hill may prove over-whelming. Zhu had barely landed before Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) declared himself skeptical that China deserved entry into the WTO. And Senators Jesse A. Helms (R-N.C.) and Emest F. Hollings (D-S. C.) promised to introduce a bill requiring congressional approval of any deal.

The hidden message from these three textile-state Southerners: Get more protection for the U. S. clothing industry. Hoping to smooth the way, the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on ―cultural‖ restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing.

BIG JOB. Already, business lobbyists are blanketing Capitol Hill to presale any eventual agreement, but what they’ve heard so far isn’t encouraging. Republicans, including Lott, say that ―the time just isn’t right‖ for the deal.

Translation: We’re determined to make it look as if Clinton has capitulated to the Chinese and is ignoring human, religious, and labor rights violations; the theft of nuclear-weapons technology; and the sale of missile parts to America’s enemies. Beijing’s fierce critics within the Democratic Party, such as Senator Paul D. Wellstone of Minnesota and House Minority leader Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, won’t help, either.

Just how tough the lobbying job on Capitol Hill will be become clear on Apr. 20, when Rubin lectured 19chief executives on the need to discipline their

Republican allies. With business and the White House still trading charges over who is responsible for the defeat of fast-track trade negotiating legislation in 1997, working together won’t be easy. And Republicans—with a wink—say that they’ll eventually embrace China’s entry into the WTO as a favor to Corporate America. Though not long before they torture Clinton. But Zhu is out on a limb, and if Congress overdoes the criticism, he may be forced by domestic critics to renege. Business must make this much dear to both its GOP allies and the Whit House: This historic deal is too important to risk losing to any more partisan squabbling

The main idea of this passage is

[A]. The Contradiction between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.

. On China’s entry into WTO.

[C]. Clinton was right.

[D]. Business Lobbyists Control Capitol Hill.

What does the sentence ―Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, Detroit‖ convey?

[A]. Premier Zhu rejected their requirements.

. The three places overdid criticism.

[C]. They wanted more protection.

[D]. They are in trouble.

What was the attitude of the Republican Party toward China’s entry into the WTO?

[A]. Contradictory. .Appreciative.

[C]. Disapproving. [D]. Detestful.

Who plays the leading part in the deal in America?

[A]. White House . . Republicans.

[C]. The Democratic Party. [D]. Businessmen.

It can be inferred from the passage that

[A]. America will make concessions.

. America will hold out for a better WTO

[C]. Clinton has the right to signal U. S. approval for China’s entry.

[D]. Democratic party approve China’s entry into the WTO. 生词：

Vocabulary

drubbing 痛打

get/take a drabbing 遭人痛打

flip-flop=great change suddenly 游说，突然改变，突然反方向。人字拖鞋，趾拖鞋

hold out 维持，保持

hold out for sth. 故意拖延达成协议以谋求……

horse –trading 精明的讨价还价

bullet-proof 防弹的

lobby 收买，暗中活动

lobbyist 院外活动集团成员

partisan 党人，帮派，是党派强硬支持者

acrimony 语言/态度的刻薄

sell to 说服（某人）接受或采用

meddle 干预

Capitol Hill 美国国会

budge 使稍微移动，改变

lucrative 有利可图的，赚钱的

block 制止

fleet 舰队，船队，车队，机队

blanket 覆盖，妨碍扫兴，扑灭

Capitulate 投降，停止抵抗

fast track 快速行程（轻车熟路）

with a wink 眼睛一眨，很快的

out on a limb 孤立无援（尤指争论和意见上）

renege 违约

squabble 争吵 难句译注

President Clinton’s decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement…

[结构分析] send one packing 打发人走。

[参考译文] 克林顿于4月8日决定不达成中国加入世贸组织的协议便打发中国总理朱容基走人。

The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag.

[结构简析] in the bag 倒手，囊中之物。

[参考译文] 总统遭到许多报界舆论的抨击，它们曾报道过这桩买卖（入世贸）已是囊中之物。

Zhu charged that Clinton lacked ―the courage‖ to reach an accord.

[参考译文] 朱指责克林顿缺乏达成协议的勇气。

the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop

[参考译文] 普遍认为总统的姿态来了一个一百八十度的转弯。

Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal.

[参考译文] 总统故意拖延协议以谋取一笔更好的入世贸组织交易的决定完全正确。

And without the Administration’s goal of a ―bullet-proof agreement‖ that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.

[参考译文] 没有商界院外活动集团成员热情的劝说共和党国会采纳政府目标中的防弹性（保护性）协议，那么整个过程将会以党派之间的尖刻的争吵而结束，这会影响以后多年和中国的关系。

the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles.

[参考译文] 美国政府希望（为纺织业）铺平道路，试图使朱在纺织品上让步，结果失败。

Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit.

[结构简析] 这句句子连接上文而说。

Leave sb. In the lurch 固定用法，义：置某人于困难之中弃之不顾，遗弃某人。完整句型应该是：Wall Street, Hollywood and Detrait are also left in the lurch.

[参考译文] 同样也陷于困境的有华尔街，好莱坞和底特律。

Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on ―cultural‖ restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing.

[参考译文] 朱容基总理不允许开放金融股票市场，坚持对美国电影和音乐作文化方面的限制规定，不让美国汽车商染指投资汽车。

Translation. 翻译。这是作者为共和党的―The time isn’t right‖做注解/解释。

写作方法与文章大意

文章以先声夺人的写作手法：克林顿不同意中国加入世贸打发朱总理回国引出两党（共和党和民主党）矛盾，国会和白宫之相反意见（对比写法）到最终四方趋向一致来证明总统决定

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