探究性教学在高中英语阅读课堂的应用

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内蒙古师范大学硕士学位论文

探究性教学在高中英语阅读课堂的应用

姓名:王利申请学位级别:硕士专业:学科教学·英语指导教师:闫泓20090420

内蒙古师范大学教育硕士学位论文

中文摘要

随着现代化技术的日益更新,国与国之间的频繁往来,英语已成为世界的第一语言。而在我国目前的英语教育中却存在着很多问题。在高中英语教学中,最突出的问题是培养学生的阅读的能力,这已经成为近年来由国家教育部门主导的高中英语教学改革的一个热门话题。越来越多的教育专家和研究人员正在积极探求提高高中生英语阅读能力的方法和途径。很多高中生不能正确理解所读文章内容,体验不到英语阅读的快乐,不能有效投入到英语学习中。新国家英语课程标准倡导在高中英语阅读教学中使用探究型教学模式,提高学生阅读能力,指出,学生要“通过思考,调查,讨论,交流和合作等方式,学习和使用英语,完成学习任务"。

本论文通过测试和问卷调查的方式对高中学生进行了英语阅读学习方法的调查,通过课堂实验的方式试图探索、实验探究型学习模式在高中英语阅读课中实施的可能性及其效果。调查及实验对象涉及125位高一年级学生,实验时间为一完整教学年。实验对象接受探究性学习模式,进行一系列互动的,有真实意义的,模拟现实的课堂阅读活动。

本文丰富了高中英语探究性学习模式的理论研究,进一步证实了英语探究性学习模式在高中英语阅读教学中的可行性。从理论和实践上为创建高效能的英语阅读课堂学习做了一些有益的探索,为高中英语教学改革提供了新思路。

关键词:探究性教学,阅读,有效性,发展,能力

ABSTRACT

Effectivereadingisbecoming

hottopicintherecentELTreform

arouses

initiatedbytheChineseMinistryofEducation.It

explorationaboutways

to

discussionsand

as

improvestudents’readingcompetence

areeven

the

problemsinEnglishreadinginhighschools

moreconspicuous.

can

Many

not

highschoolstudents

cannot

understandthecontenttheyread,they

cannot

experiencethejoyofreadingEnglishandputthemselvesinto

Englishstudyefficiently.

ThenewNationalCurriculumStandardsforEnglishEducationsuggests

adoptinginquiry

learning

inEnglishreadingin

seniorhigh

schools.In

‘‘InquiryLearning

ImplementationGuide”,whichisdefiniteas,itis

series

of

ofactive,openandinquirylearningactivitiesunder

educational

resources

widerange

background,itis

use

seriesofleamingactivitiesinwhich

studentsactivelyteacher’Sguide.

achieveand

knowledge,andsolveproblemsunder

Thepurposeofthispaperis

toconsider

methodologicalproceduresfor

schools.There

are

inquiry

learning

in

English

readinginseniorhigh

are

proceduresrelatingtohowteachersandlearners

intheparticipationofthe

lessons.Thedesignofaninquiryreadinglessoninvolvesconsiderationofthestages

or

componentsof

readinglessonthathasinquiry

as

itsprincipal

component.Studentsmayimprovetheirreadingabilitiesprocess.

inthe

inquiry

The

Donglian

subjects

Modern

are

125studentsinseniorgrade

one

intwoclassesfromexperimentandtwo

SchoolinOrdos,Inner

are

Mongolia.An

investigationquestionnaire.

toolsusedinthe

study,including

two

tests

and

Throughtheresearch,thehypothesisexpectedtobeprovedtrue.Itenrichthetheoreticalstudiesfurtherconfirmthe

on

can

inquiryteachinginEnglishreading,and

inEnglishreadinginsenior

efficiencyofinquiryteaching

high

schools.It

mayalsoofferpractical

guidance

to

effectiveEnglish

teaching.

KEY

WORDS:InquiryTeaching,Reading,Efficiency,Development,

Competence

独创性声明

本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果,尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含本人为获得内蒙古师范大学或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任f:、f^

签名:

乏坐\

日期:一。矿夕年j月7日

关于论文使用授权的说明

本学位论文作者完全了解内蒙古师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定:内蒙古师范大学有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘,允许论文被查阅和借阅,可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文,并且本人电子文档的内容和纸质论文的内容相一致。

保密的学位论文在解密后也遵守此规定。签名:

导师签名:f劲弓一

日期:叫年厂月7日

何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示感谢。

ChapterI

Introduction

1.1Introduction

Recently,effectiveteachingisEnglish

growingemphasisineducation.ChinaNational

out

Curriculum

Standards

clearlypointsthat”English

teachingadvocates

experience,practice,participation,cooperationUnited

StatesNational

andcommunication.“Accordingtothe

ScienceEducationStandards,teachingismorethan

teaching

process,butdoneto

positivelearningprocess,somethingthat

studentsdo,notsomethingthatis

them.’’

years,Englishteachinginauthor’S

Cannotmeet

the

schoolisfarfromthesituationofreform

1.2Thenecessityofthestudy

Overthe

andopening

andit

needs

ofthe

developmentaswell.Englishsecondary

ofEnglish

levelinreadingislowoverall,students’poor

oversimplified

use

language,themajority

of

studentsunderstand

schools,itis

only

Englishgrammar.Likein

mostseniorhigh

common

waytoadopttraditionalteachingmethodsin

English

have

reading

lessons,whicharegrammar-oriented,teacher-centered,students

are

don’t

enough

that

participation,andtheyEnglish

is

one

inpassivestudy.Sothereare

so

manystudentscomplain

dealwithstudy:the

oftheirhardest

subjects,since

feelingsto

they

cannot

EnglishEnglish

readingreading

properly.Theyhavecommon

seniorEnglish

difficultyincreasesrelativelywhileEnglishmarks

drop;thereadingquestionsin

examinationsaresoflexible;theyworkhardeverydaybutgetblindharvestforever.Some

studentseven

too

stopinthefirsttermoftheseniorhigllschool,declaringEnglishreadingis

difficulttobe

improved.Thatis,teachingpracticeishighlydominatedand

teachingidea.Facingthisarduoustask,the

as

guided

by

examination.oriented

students

general

to

choiceofboth

andteachersiStodo

moreexercisesextremelycloseNMET(National

MatriculationEnglishTest)papersaspossibledirectlywithoutconsideringstudents’

personalreadinginterest,leamingstyleandbecomepassive

SO

on.Intheprocessofreading,students

poor

readersbecauseofthismechanicaltraining.However,thefinal

as

resultsofstudents’scorearenot

good

as

bothteachersand

students

haveexpected.

内蒙古师范大学教育硕士学位论文

TheproblemsinthecurrentteachingofEnglishreadingextent,the

areso

prominent.To

large

problems

existinteaching

areas

follows:

1.Itremainsas

teachinglanguageentityinthearticles,thatis,anumberofteachers

on

teachreadingmaterialsfocusing

vocabulary

andgrammar,toomuch

ability.

emphasis

on

languagepoints,ignoringreadingskills

andreading

2.Incontrastwiththeformer,someteachersreform

toreading

excessively.They

pay

attention

they

comprehensionwithoutanalysis

on

thelong

anddifficult

sentences.Thatis

makethepursuitofthe”totalunderstanding”andgiveuptheteachingofvocabulat3,,they

introduce

relevant

vocabularysimplyonlyin

on

generaltermsneglecting

thespecificmeaning

inthetext.Theyputimpactsthestudentsreadingcomprehensionandsuperficial

access

understanding,buthindercontainedin

thearticle.

students’

to

the

detailedandimplied

information

The

relative

backwardteachingmethodscontribute

students

to

the

following

problems:

(1).Studentsunderstandand

use

complexsentenceswrongly,

understand

usereal

the

superficialmeaningofthetextwithoutin

anythingimpliedelse,andCannot

English

correctsituations.(2).Manystudents

call

understandpassages

inclasswhiletheydon’tafterclass,they

understand

littleaboutthereadingpassagesinexaminations.

feelsleepy

in

theclass

of

(3).Somestudents

concentrateon

English

reading.TheyCan

not

teacher’Sexplanations,theythinkreadingEnglishisboring.

(4).The

included,but

teacherexplainsthelanguagepointsquiteclearly,everythingimportantis

students’grades

are

low.

to

The

stimulate

uttermostgoalofEnglishreadingcurriculuminseniorhighschoolis

further

and

cultivatethe

students’interest

in

Englishlearning;geteffectivereading

learning

strategies;developtheabilityofself-learning

andcooperative

and

have

900d

foundationofwhole-lifestudyNowwiththe

anddevelopment.(English

ofnewCurriculum

Curriculum

is

Standards,2005)

toestablisha

implementation

Standards,iturgent

centerforpromotingstudents’comprehensivedevelopment.

1.3Purposesinchoosingthetopic

Forhighschool

students,Englishreading

abilityis

SO

importantthatbothteachers

and

ChapterI

Introduction

studentsspenda

lotoftimeinreadingtoimproveit.Fosteringstudents’readingabilityis

teacher's

major

workanddevelopingtheirreadingcompetencebecomesmainpartoftheir

Englishleamingperformance.

DuringthestudyofmyM.Ed

courses

inInnerMongolia

Normal

University,Ilearned

sometheories

on

language

acquisition

andlanguage

teachingresearchandIcameto

understandsomelatestreadingtheories

on

ESL&EFL,ofwhichtheinquiryteaching

closelyrelatingtotheteachingofseniorstudents’readingcame

intomy

mind.Meanwhile,

thecourseItaughtwasoneofthecourses

under

teachingreformwhichWasoriginatedby

the

school

authority

and

aimed

at

transforming

thetraditional

teacher-centered,

lecture-basedinstructioninto

morestudent.centered,competence-enhancedone.A1l

theteacherswererequiredtoconductsomecertainteachingresearches.Forthese

reasons

chosereadingresearchin

hi.gh

school

as

myM.Ed.thesistopic.Idecidedtoconductmy

teachingofreadingwiththeguidance

ofinquiryreaching.

1.4Thestructureofthethesis

ThisstudyisabouthowinquiryteachingCan

beappliedtoEFLreading

and

how

teachers

call

helpthe

students

activate

andimprove

theirreadingintheclasses.There

ale

fourpartsinthis

thesis.The

firstpartstatesthepurposeandsignificanceofthe

experiment;

thesecondpartisaboutliteraturereview;themirdpartisaboutthe

experimentaldesign;

thefourthpartisanalysisanddiscussionoftheresults;thefifthpartisconclusion.

内蒙古师范大学教育硕士学位论文ChapterIILiteratureReview

2.1Whatis

inquiryteaching?

Inquiryteachingreferstostudentsexplorewaysoflearning,makeconclusionsandsolvetheirpracticalproblemsindependentlyundertheguidanceof1

teachers.(Willis,J,

997)Thepurposeof

inquiry

teachingistochange

thesituationinwhichstudentssimply

receiveknowledgefromteachers,buttotransferitinlearning

situationinwhichmoreopen

environments

are

provided,thatistosayavarietyofwaysinaccesstoknowledge

areoffered,inordertoincreaseattitudestowardspractice.Inquiry

students’practice

opportunities,prompttheirpositive

learning

andlearningstrategies,andcultivatetheirinnovationand

to

teachingis

find

differencesamong

students

and

enlargetheir

differences,andthentrytomake

Inquiry

focuses

Oll

allthestudentsquite

different.Wright,Andrew,1986)

on

teaching

emphasizes

and

thepracticalapplication

the

knowledgeand

skills,

theteachingprocessandstudents’experienceswiththepractice,andstresses

thecultivationof

emotion

ability,whichisconducivetotrain

inquirytheydevelop

and

developstudents’

such

as

creation.(LuoShaoqian,2000)Throughimportantskills

or

careful

observation,reasoning,criticalthinking,andtheabilitytojustifyrefutetheexisting

knowledge.(Skehan,1996)

2.2Thetheoreticalbase

2.2.1HumanismTheoryHumanisminteachingrefers

to

student—centered

teaching,personaldevelopment,

participation—oriented,discovery(Cartier,Michale,1985)

AmericanHumanistic

learning,andrespectingstudent’Sfeelings

andaspirations.

psychologistAbrahamMaslowsupposesthateveryonehas

potential,whichdriveshimtobemoreputintoeducation,itforms

perfect,and

fulfillhis

dreams.When

the

potentialis

upon

the

humanistic

education.Humanism

concentrates

or

development

thatis

ofthechild’S

self-concept.Ifthechildfeelsgoodabouthim

herself

then

positivestart.Feelinggoodaboutoneselfwouldinvolve

an

understandingof

ones’

strengthsandweaknesses,and

beliefin

one’S

ability

to

improve.(Cook,V1996)Further,

ChapterllLiteratureReview

theHumanism

Theory

bases

on

thebeliefthat

adequate

freedomwillattribute

can/do/shouldmatureor”actuate”in

an

upwardor’’growingup”direction—thatthis

progressionofpersonalgrowth,uponreachinganoptimumlevel,resultsinmaturityand

positive

self-awareness.According

on

tothe

Humanism

Theory,a

student’S

success

in

learningdepends

his

growing(differentiating)from

dependent,physicallyoriented

human

beingIts

entity

toa

whole,complete,functioningand

Can

be

self-actuating/actuated

beliefiseveryoneis

creator.Thisformofeducationisknownas

child—centered,and

typifiedbythechildtaking

teacheris

responsibility

fortheireducationandowningtheirlearning.

disseminator,ofknowledge.(PennyUr,1988)

Thehumanistic

facilitator,not

Participatoryand

discoverymethodswouldbefavoredinsteadoftraditionaldidacticism

everythingtheteacher

(i.e.1earnparrot-fashionneeds

says).As

well

as

thechild’S

academic

thehumanisticteacheris

are

concernedwith

thechild’s

affective(or

emotional)needs.

Feelingandthinkingverymuchinterlinked.Feelingpositiveaboutoneselffacilitates

learning.(Baudains,1999)

According

to

Humanism

Theory,there

aretwopointsinfbrei印language

teaching

shouldbepaidattentionto:

(1)Openclassroom.That

atmosphere.

isto

say

teachers

provide

comfortable

language

(2)Co-operativelearning.Co-operative

affectiveaspectsoflearning,aswellasbut

also

stresses

learningnotonly

combines

cognitive

and

academic

emphasizingparticipationandactiveengagement,achievementandclearlydefinedcurricular

goals.(Slavin,2004:24-25)

Inquiryteaching

emphasizespeople-oriented,students—oriented.Duringtheprocessof

inquiryteaching,manyclassactivitiesaredesignedinaccordancewiththedifferent

students

so

astomaximizestudents’self-fulfillment.Itadvocatesdevelopingstudents’

is

creation.anditconsistent

with

humanisticeducation.

2.2.2ConstructivismTheory

What

isconstructivism?Thetermreferstotheideathatlearningis

or

an

activeprocess

inwhichlearnersconstructnewideas

conceptsbasedupontheircurrent/pastknowledge.

makedecisions,

The

learnersselectand

ona

transforminformation,constructhypotheses,and

todo

relying

cognitive

structure

SO.(Breet,E2000)

内蒙古师范大学教育硕士学位论文

Constructivismitselfhasmanyvariations,such

as

discoverylearning

and

knowledge

building.Regardlessofthevariety,eonstructivismpromotesstudents’freeexplorationwithin

givenframework

or

structure.Aspects

ofeonstructivism

can

befoundin

cognition,

self-directedlearning,transformational

learning,experientiallearning,situated

andreflectivepractice.(Bruner,1959)AsthefamouslexicographerSamuelJohnsonsaid,

“Askstudentstokickthestoneandfeelrealpainthemselves.”ItisconstructivismthatpointsoutthattheteacheractsasprinciplesforPresenting

facilitatorwho

encouragesstudents

to

discover

themselves

tothe

andto

constructknowledge

is

byworkingtosolveproblems.

US

problems

students

viewthatmayengage

inprovidingthe

and

students

withactivities,withhands—onlearning,with

thelanguage.Asfarasinstructionis

opportunities

to

experiment

shouldtry

manipulate

encourage

concerned,theinstructor

and

studentsmanner

to

so

discoverprinciplesbythemselves.Curriculumshouldbeorganizedin

thatthestudentscontinuallybuilduponwhattheyhavealready

spiral

learned.(Jean

Piaget,1961)Themoretraditionalformulationofthisideainvolvestheterminologyoftheactive

students(Dewey'sterm)stressingthat

thestudentsneed

todo

something;that

learningisnotthepassiveacceptanceofknowledgewhichexists”outthere’’butthatlearninginvolvesthe

students’engaging

withtheworld.

ConstructivismTheoryis

general

frameworkfor

to

instructionbased

uponthestudyof

cognition.Muchofthetheoryis

linked

childdevelopmentresearch,especiallythe

created

Children’s

Understanding

of

famous

Swiss

psychologistJean

is

Piaget.Hetypical

DevelopmentTheory,which

thoughtthatknowledge

representative

inConstructivismTheory.He

could

notbe

acceptedpassively,butactively.InConstructivism

Theory,thereare

someprinciples:

beconcemedwiththeexperiences

to

(1)Instructionmuststudents

willing

andcontexts

thatmakethe

andable

learn(readiness).structured

SO

(2)Instruction(spiralorganization).

(3)Instruction

(goingbeyondthe

mustbethatit

can

beeasilygraspedbythestudents

shouldbe

designedtofacilitateextrapolationandor

fillinthegaps

informationgiven).

Meanwhile,inquiryteachingactivitiesincludefourbasic2001)

elements:(Joanna

Chen,

ChapterIILiteratureRenew

(1)Students’backgroundknowledge.(2)Students’emotions.

(3)Organizationandpresentation(4)Latentmeaningin

Knowledgeis

new

ofnewknowledge;

knowledge.

intheprocessoffirstdiscussingwithothers,then

generallymastered

reflectingbysomeonehimself,solvingproblems,andfinallymakingconclusions.Hence,thetheoryprovidespowerful

supportto

inquiryteaching.

2。3TherelatedresearchesInquiryteaching

wasfirst

originatedfrombyJohnDewey’Sstrategyof‘‘learningby

had

doing'’inthe1920s.Before1909,mostshouldbeof

educatorsbelieved

thatteachingmethods

accomplished

mainlythroughdirectteaching,whichmadestudentstolearn

lot

conceptsandprinciplesbylistening

toteachers.In

1909,Deweyfirstcriticizedthis

saidthattoomuch

methodintheUnitedStatesFederationof

ScientificProgress.He

emphasisWas

on

theaccumulationsof

conceptsandprinciples,whilewaysofthinkingand

attitudeswerenot

givensufficient

attention.Itis

Dewey.sviewthatteachingisnot

processoflettingstudentslearnprocessoflearning

or

lotofknowledgesuchas

conceptsandprinciples,but

researchmethods.

as

From1950son,inquiryteachingisbecomingincreasinglyclear

methodin

reasonableon.Bruner

languageteaching.Mainrepresentatives

DiscoveryLearningTheory.In

are

Bruner,Schwaband

SO

putforwardthehisopinion,teachersshouldhelpstudents

discover,andmake

famous

them

takepartinthediscoveryactivities

themselves.Schwab,the

2000).111isstatementhas

educationist

inChicagoUniversity,pointed

outthat‘'Nomethodscanbebetter

than

beinquiryinlearning

on

process.”(National

ResearchCouncil

far-reachingimpact

theinquiryteaching.Schwabthoughtthatteachersshouldshow

scientific

knowledge

ininquiryways,atthesametimestudentsshouldlearnin

the

inquiry

ways,too.They

Following

theoreticallydemonstrated

teaching

can

reasonableness

of

inquiry

teaching.

Ellis(2003),inquiry

be

definedas

teaching-learningactivitythat

satisfiesthefollowingcriteria:

(1)There

is

primaryfocus

on

meaning;

(2)Thereissomekindof“gap”;

(3)There

is

an

independentthinkingprocessofparticipants.

内蒙古师范大学教育硕士学位论文

Many

researchersbothathomeandabroad

once

definedinquiryteachingindifferent

angles(Holec,1985;Dickison,1995;Littlewood,1996;XuJinfeng,2004).

Almostallofthemthinkifstudentshavetheabilityofinquirylearning,

(1)TheyCanmakeoutlearningaimsinthelightoftheirown

is,they

or

others’demands

(teachers,schools,syllabusesandsociety),that

aimsindifferentperiods,andadapttheaims

Canmakecontent;

out

different

learning

tonewlearning

(2)111eyCanknow

whatlearningcontentthey

need,andcollectthem;

are

(3)TheyCanfindsome

learningmethodswhichtheir

own

suitablefor

themselves;

choose

(4)TheyCan

environment;

control

learningtime,place

and

agreeable

(5)111eyCangiveWhat

correct

criticisms

to

theirownlearning.

ismore,inquirylanguageteachinghasbeen

stronglyadvocated

and

promoted

1989,

byworld leadinglinguistssinceearly1

980s.(Long1985,Prabhu1987,Nunan

Willis

1996,Skchan1998,Bygate&Ellis

into

2001).Thelinguisticpsychologists

success

putresearch

achievements

Project

in

languageteaching.TheofPrabhu’SCommunicationTeaching

supportof

secondaryschoolsin

Bangalore(Prabhu,1987)andthe

recent

findingsinthefieldofSecondEnglishteaching

LanguageAcquisition(SLA)have

minkinquiryteachingplays

madeitcatch.worldin

circles.They

quiteimportantrolein

language

teaching.Theyfindstudentswhohavetheabilityofinquirylearninghave

followingcharacteristics:

(1)Knowing(2)Finishing

theirownleamingstyleandstrategies;learningtasksinactiveways;

as

(3)Graspingchancespossible

tothe

as

they

can

topractice

themselves;

reading.(XiaoFei,

(4)Payingmoreattention2002).

languageaccuracy,especiallyin

Since1990s,inquiryteachinginEnglishreadingChina.TheresearchesShaoqianare

on

begantobepaidattentiontoin

it

began.Well—knownscholarsGongYafu,LiYifei

on

and

Luo

currentlyconductingnationwideresearch

all

inquiryteachinginEnglish

reading.Theobjectiveoftheresearchistodesign

appropriatebaseofTeaching

System

thatintroduces“Inquiry-basedExperimentalActivity'’.Itanalyzesteachers’teachingandthe

effects,andespeciallydiscussesthereal

effectiveness

inteachingreadingduringthe

Chapter1ILiteratureRenew

processofactivity.

Hereis

one

ofthepartsoftheirexperiment.Thesubjects

ofthestudyinvolved680

studentsfromtenclassesoftengradestudentsthatappliedsingleteamfor

priortest

andaftertestdesignfortenclassesof‘‘Inquiry-basedExperimentalActivity'’courseinf.01lrweeks.‘‘LearningAttitudetowards

EnglishReading'’Was

appliedfortenclassesof

readingafter

studentstoevaluatethismethodofteachingmayaffect

students’English

analysis

and

beforeteachingandtobecometheory.Afterbeen

majorviewpointofresearch

throughactivity

analysis

andtherelateddata,thefollowingresearchresultanddiscoveryhave

students

and

got:The

firstall,to

cooperate

withpartnersduringthelearningprocesshelps

developtheir

SO

abilities,such舔observation,creation,communication,oral

on

expressing

on;Secondly,theemphasis

inquiry-basedexperimental

activityhaspositiveeffect

forlearningattitude,readingefficiency,(includereadingspeedandaccuracy)and

vocabulary

capacity.Nevertheless,inquiry-basedexperiment

SO

showsthattheteaching

methodfocusedoncognitiveestablishment

Bycarryingoutqualitativeresearch

as

to

makestudentslearnmore.

attempttoclarifyfour

andcasestudies,they

majorissues:

(1)Understandingbasicconcepts(2)Remodelingteachers’roles;(3)Adoptinginquiryteaching

methodology

on

inquiryteaching;

andstrategies

in

Englishreading;

(4)Establishing_knowledgesystems;

ProfessorGonglists

fewprinciples

on

inquiryteaching:

shouldconnectwiⅡldailylife.

waysthat

(1)Theauthenticityprinciple.Readingmaterials

(2)Theform-functionprinciple.Teachingreadingin

of

make

therelationship

understandingand

usingtransparently.

(3)The

workforms

inquiry

dependency

principle.Aseriesofinquirytasksin

lesson

on

or

unitof

kindofpedagogicalladder,eachinquiryrepresenting

rung

theladder,

enabling

thelearnerstoreachhigherandhigherlevelsinEnglishreading.students

to

(4)Learningbydoing.Learningbydoingmotivates

fulfilltheirpotential.

Learnersimprovereadingabilitiesbyexperiencingitcommunicativelyintheclassroom,

althoughtheystillhavetolearngrammarandmemorizevocabulary.

As

mentioned

above,meyallmake

conclusionthatinquiryteachingplays

quite

内蒙古师范大学教育硕士学位论文

importantroleinEnglishreadinginseniorhighschools.

2.4Necessaryelementsinsuccessfulinquiryteaching

Carryinginquiryteachingis

are

fareasyjob,some

elementsshouldbefollowed

as

they

thebasicbuildingblocksforsuccessfulinquiryteaching.Teachershavetodotheirbest

to

promotethestudents’successbyusingthem。

1.To

changeteachingaimsintolearning

aims.Students’problems

shouldbethought

aboutwhenteachersarepreparinglessons.Thelesson,whichincludesclass

arrangements,

importantanddifficultpoints,isdesignedaccordingtostudents’basicknowledgeand

experiences.Therefore,teachingplanshouldbecorrectedasateachingandlearningplan.

Inthepast,teachingaims

emphasizedteachers’aims,thelessonWasorganized

different

in

in

teachers’view.Instead,itisquite

inquiry

teaching,itfocuses

on

students’

learning.The

teachingaimshavebeen

itisgoodto

changedintointerrogative

sentence

patternsfrom

affirmativeones,since

arouse

students’interests.

scientifically,make

full

2.Teachersshouldmakeclassdesignslearningmaterialscarefullyand

preparations,study

theprocess:

understand

allaspectsofthe

students.In

1)To

allow

students

to

to

learnbythemselvesfirstly;

2)Togetstudents

discoverandexplorelearninggoals;

exploretheinquiry

3)Toenablestudentsdiscoverand4)To

reallybe

contents;

thisway

carl

allowstudentstochoosepartners

togo

independently.Onlyin

students

allowed

intoself-study,inspirestudentstolearn,to

mobilizestudents’

learningEnglishenthusiasm.

3.Therelationship

betweenteachers’guide

andstudents’inquiryshould

bedealtwith

dialectically.Itisstressedthatstudentsshouldnotonlylistentoteachers,butalsostressedthatteachers

should

listen

to

students.Secondaryschool

thelearningare

students’uniquefeelings,

intheinquiryprocess.

personalideasandexperiencesinTeachers

on

important

needencourage

the

students

toreflect.Atthesametime,particular

emphasis

is

theinteractionbetweenthestudents’communication

advanced,thewayin

andcooperation.Ofcourse,

inquiryteachingmethodisnotthemostand

whichonlyteacher’Slectures,

students’listeningisnotbackwardandoutdatedabsolutely,itshouldnotbe

abandoned

completely.Infact,differentteaching

eachother.Anyoneof

methodsshould

complementeachotherandpromote

them

can

notbe

thrownawaywithoutconsideration,weshould

10

Chapter]/LiteratureReview

advocatediversificationofteachingmethodsandpromoteeachother.

4.Thediversityofinquiryteachingdesignsshouldbe

emphasized.Hands

needtobe

used,butitismoreimportantthatbrainsshouldbeused,too.Inquiryteachingshouldbe

opentoallstudents,and

take

care

ofindividualdifferences,whichprovideadequate

supporttoinquiryteaching.Theissueshouldbedesignedfromdailylife

and

the

needs

of

thesociety.Inaddition,inEnglishinquiryteachingprocess,teachersshouldexploreteachingwithmodern

technology(suchasmultimedia

andthe

Intemet)which

can

improve

students’inquirythinkingability,therebyimprovetheoverallqualityoftheirEnglish.

5.Performance

ofinquiryteachingis

or

combinationoftheuseofpreviouslyacquired

knowledgeandsolvingnewproblemscompletingspecifictasks.

IntheteachingofUnit12

askstudents:Doyoulike

The

Soundsofthe

you

as

World(senior

book

I),teachersmay

music?Whydo

like?What

musicalstylesdoyouknow?Itis

certainthatstudentsCannamesome,such

music,lightmusic

popmusic,classicalmusic,folkmusic,rock

andSO

on.Someof

themCanspeakoutthereasonsthatmusicisagood

based

their

waytocommunicatearoundtheworld.Therefore,itisnaturalforteachersto1eadthe

students

tothetext,whose

content

is

on

answers,their

is

previously

acquired

withthe

knowledge.It

cognition.

iseasierforthemtoachievenew

content.That

consistent

6.Learners’capacities

on

observation,reasoning,and

analysis

shouldbe

trainedas

wellascorrectinquirymethods

Duringdiscover.

andthe

attitudesofseekingtruthfromfacts.

inquiryprocess,teachersmust

demandstudents

to

observe,

ttlink

and

7.Challengesshouldbeprovided.Inputshouldbechallengingtofacilitateacquisition.Itischosenbeyondthelearners’level,butunderstandable.

students’

2.5Thecomponentsofinquiryteachinginreadingclass

2.5.1Students’self-learning—abasistounderstandreadingmaterials

Agoodpreparationleadstotheinterest

andenthusiasm

inleaming

newlesson.

Preparationprovidesthinkingfordifficulties,reducestheblindnessofgettingnew

knowledgeandimprovestheefficiency

in

gettingnew

knowledge.The

sentences

studentsare

encouragedtolookup

dictionaries,rememberexamples,make

ll

withnewwords,

内蒙古师范大学教育硕士学位论文

findbeautifulsentencesandtypicalexpressionstoimitate,circle

difficulties,and

explain

simplesentencesbythemselvesbeforeclass.Thestudents

oftheirlogic

sense

are

demandedto

takeadvantage

of

andcommon

senseto

adjust

their

understandingandjudgment

uncertainty.Students

needtosearchforrelevantinformationSO嬲to

developcontextual

thetextsinthe

assumption.Studentsprepare

ZhuXisaid:”Atthe

text’S

stepsoffast

reading-- raising

problems.

beginning

ofreading,askthe

unknown."Questionsarefrom

reading,and

toallow

text’S

studying.Fortrainingstudents’abilityofquestioning,itis

to

important

students

developgoodhabitsinpreparation,whichis

ofquestioning,suchas:newwords

to

enable

studentstounderstandthechoiceofwords

scope

and

expressions,the

andsentences

of

intexts,paragraphs,thestructureofpassagearrangements,

theclassroom,pair-work

or

aswellasthe

to

use

punctuations.In

group—work

Canbeused

improvestudents’capacitiesinfindingquestions.(Zhuxi,1999)Forexample,Unit5,

Book

I,studentsraisefollowing

questions:

DoyouknowthenamesofthetwolargeHow

islandsof

theBritishIsles?

ale

manyregions

positions.

US

are

thereinGreatBritain?What

they7.Pleasetell

US

their

geographical

Pleasetell

somethingaboutthemountainsandtheriversinGreatBritain.

ofthelongestriversinliketogoto

Which

is

one

England?

Whydopeople

Irelandfortheirholidays?

indeveloping

Therefore,agoodability

preparationisanefficientway

students’self-learning

andgettingsuitablestudymethods.It

isextremelynecessaryininquiryteaching.

2.5.2Students’exploringand

Inthis

diseovery--a

keytoensuringlearning

thereadings

are

step,‘‘Who’’,‘‘Where'’,‘‘When’’,‘‘Why'’and‘‘How’’in

makeclear.Somesimple

textscan

requested

whichis

to

belearntwiththeaidsofmulti.media,

well

as

goodwaytoimprove

students’readingas

listening.Forand

thosedifficult

passages,studentsareasked

toreadthetextswithquestions

atthesametimefindthe

answers.Encouraging

since

studentstoguesstheunknownwordsispracticalduringtheprocess,

words—guess

isalso

necessaryabilityforstudents.Testsabouttheunderstandingof

Filling,True

or

thepassages,fortheir

example,Blanks

be

Falsequestions,shouldbe

givenafter

reading.(Davis,Zhou,2006)General

ideasshould

known,meanwhile,the

1,

detailed

information,language

ChapterIILiteratureReview

featuresandwritingstylesofthepassagesmustbemorehighlighted.Thetasksinthepart

need

students’explorationin

whichcooperationandcommunication

are

are

advocated.

Discussionandcollaboration,whichtheconventionsofinquiryteaching,usuallymake

problems—solvingeasier.Teachers’explanationsareonlyforthedifficultiesandthe

problems

whichstudentsfeel

puzzled,theyare

to

refined

explanations.Moredifficult

exercisesshouldbedone,whichalerelateddeeperunderstandingofthegivenpassages,

authors’writingstylesandlanguagefeatures.

Students

can

leam

lotaboutEnglishlanguageas

wellasunderstand

the

implied

meaningofthepassageswhentheyareusingtheirhandsandbrainsinthisstep.Students’

real

on

experiencesareprominent.Itis

betterforlearnersto

rememberwhenthey

arestudying

their

own.(David.M.Stone,1998)In

and

theinquiryteaching,everybodyshouldbe

involved.Tellme

Iforget;ShowmeandI

English

the

teachingisalways

combined

with

remember;involvemeandIunderstand.emotionaleducation.Withregardtothispartof

understanding

on

role,teachersshouldnottrytoimpose廿leiropinionsand

students.

and

Instead,tlleyshouldleavemoreroomto

students

intermsofanalysis,understanding

kindsof

the

inference.Teachers

learnfrom

spare

no

effort

on

creating

manycooperativestudy,students

of

each

other

and

helpeachother,experiencing

sense

collective

honor

and

SUCCesS.When

teachingSavingtheEarth,Unit3.BookI,studentsdiscussthewaysof

protectingtheearth,theymaybringoutsomeunexpected

answersthat

are

morethanthe

text.

2.5.3Reflection----— agoodwaytodevelopthecompetenceoflanguageusing

Itis

goodwayto

take

reflectionafter

students’learning,becauseitknowledge,and

whetherthe

helpsteachers

knowwhetherthestudents

some

acceptthenewknowledge

is

transformed

into

skills.(WenQiufang,2004)In

are

general,self-summary,

can

group—summary

and

class—summaryincluded.Self-summary

befinished

individually,group-summaryincompetitions,andclass—summaryinpractice.

Itis

importantthatstudentshavethecompetenceofusingEnglishcreatively.After

the

deepunderstandingofthepassages,someexercisesaimingatcompetencetrainingaredesigned.Some

texts

Call

be

drilledindifferent

can

forms,such

as

dialoguemaking,

SOas

abbreviation,expansion,and

develop

somebeconsolidated

even

indrawingpictures

to

students’imagination.

13

内蒙古师范大学教育硕士学位论文

Chapterlll

Methodology

3.1Hypotheses

1.Isinquiryteachingeffectiveinimprovingthereadingmarksoftheauthor’s

students?

2.Cantheauthor’Sstudentsaccepttheinquiryteachingmethod?

3.2

Subjects

School(Classes

0703,0715,prestigious

TwoclassesfromDongLianModern

classes),

eachconsistingof61 64students,wererecruitedinthisstudyandtheresearcherWasthe

sameteacherwhoadoptedtwodifferentteachingmethods.Oneclassreceivedthe

experimentaltreatment,whiletheother

alltenthgraders.AllCompetencerandomly

wasthecontrolgroup.Thetotal125studentswere

intothisschool

throughofthis

studentsWereadmitted

2007.Sinceall

BCTs(Basic

schoolwere

inArts,

Tests)insulnnler

in19

admittedstudents

assignedclasses(excepttwoclasses,which

studentsWeregifted

English

and

theothertwo,whichweregoodat

Math&Science),theaverageproficiencyof

therest

recruitedclassesWas

score

regardedasthesame,whichWasagainproved

through

test,

theaveragewas97.13—-99.08inthewholegrade.InClass0703.itWas99.04;in

Class0715,itWas97.16.Thoughlittle

non—significant,Class

0703,the

controlgroup,Was

higherthan

Class0715(seeTable3一1).Theweeklynumberofclasshourwassame;

allthestudentshadsimilarlearningbackground.

Table3-1:ParticipantProfile

CLASS

Experiment/ControlStudentNO.Averagetest

score

07030715

Control(GroupC)

6199.046

Experiment(GroupE)

6497.166

Weekly

contacthour

3.3

Materiais

aimedto

testthepracticabilityofadifferent

Sincethisstudywas

learningmodeinthe

14

Chapter]ILiteratureRenew

presentEFLclassrooms,thesametextbookshouldthereforebeadopted.The

Senior

High

SchoolEnglishBook1waschosenwhichcontainedpurposefullyadaptedarticlesofcommunicativesyllabus.To

makethestudynaturalistic,theauthorfollowed

the

school-widesyllabusforGrade10.Theexperimentwassemester,thefirsthalfofthe2007schoolyear,andthelessonsinthebook.

conductedsecond

throughoutthewhole

halfofthe2008,withall

3.4Procedures

The

One

experimentWasconductedinDonglianModemMiddleSchoolamongSenior

for

one

students

semester.Duringthe

experimentperiod,traditionalandinquiry

authortook

teachingapproacheswerebeforethe

taken

inthetwo

the

differentclasses.Theexperiment.

pre—test

experimentandapost—testafter

3.4.1TraditionalteachinginEnglishreadingincontrolclass

IntheShe

controlclass,the

author

adoptedtraditionalteachingmodeinEnglish

reading.

followedthe

stepsas"askingwhole

questions —-answeringquestions - explanations

reading

summary.In

the

process,teacher-centeredWasconspicuous.The

on

comprehensionteachingWasbasedthetheoryofcode

model.The

authorofferedexplanationsof

studentsreadingmaterialsrequired

tobereviewed

first,followedbysome

language

points

anddifficultsentences.And

theteachingprocessfinally

winded

upwith

somequestionstobeansweredbystudents.

Accordingtothetheoryofcodemodel,themerelytheabstractmeaning

sentences…theformulated

of

codesprovide

of

generatedbythe

combination

semanticrepresentations

ofreal

words,sentencessentencesCan

andgrammarrules.Freefromthe

confinement

contexts,these

method

never

havenumerous

potentialinterpretations.Decodingas

disclosesthewriter’Srealposition,propositionalattitude,andtheimplicatedmeaning.

That’S

whystudents

al

e,moreoftenthan

not,SO

frustratedtothe

inferential

typeof

questions.

3。4.2Detailedmodule

ofinquiry

teachingin

Englishreading

in

experimentclass

TheinquiryteachingWasappliedintheexperimentclassinthewayofmaking

studentsStudents

completinglearningaimsviaprovidinghad

themreal

life,learningandworkingtasks.

as

lotofthingstodo,theytookpartindifferentactivitiesaswell

15

joined

in

内蒙古师范大学教育硕士学位论文

somediscussionswithinthewholeteachingprocess,includingLead—in,Text-learningandAssignment.Allofthemwerebusyinfindingandachievingnewknowledge.Theyhadthe

SenSe

class:

of

Success

inthe

process.The

followingiswhattheauthordidinthe

experiment

1.Pre—reading.ItWasthefirstphaseofeachlesson.Togetfamiliarwithvocabulary,a

vocabulary

test

wasalways

performed,itwascarried

outas

check.upof

the

previously-assigned

homework(The

vocabulary-checkinghomeworkWasalways

assigned

priortothesecondstagetofreestudentsfromtheheavyburdenofliteralunfamiliaritywhentheywerefulfillingthepre。readingactivities,suchasknowledge

while-readingtasks);thenprediction

fromtitle

or

warming-upstageviavm'ious

keyillustrations,activatingexisting

and

sharingpersonal

experiences.Here

is

an

example

ofaLead.in.Theauthor

began

thislessonwith

puzzle.(Unit4,BookI,ReadingAdvertisements).

on

Taskl.Now,somesloganswillbeshownthescreen.Read

them

loudly

and

translatethem

(1).Enjoy

into

Chinese,thentell

theclasswhattheystandfor.

Coca Cola.

(2).Communicationunlimited.(3).Just

doit.

thingsbetter.

(4).Let’Smake

(5).Intelligenceeverywhere.Studentsrealizedthatthey

wereadvertisementsafter

reading.Theywanted

tofind

moresincethecontentwasveryinteresting.Thentheauthorshowed

thetitle—.

Advertisements,itWas

combinedwell.

Inthisshould

naturaltogo

on

thenext

phase.Thetopicandreallifeare

phase,students’learningaimswereshownbecausetheauthorthoughtstudents

know

whatgoalstheywereexpectedtoachieve,whattheyshould

pay

attention

to

as

duringtheprocessoftextlearning.The

all

learningaimswereusuallyshowninquestions

4,BookI,Our

theyweremorechangeable.Hereis

example.Unit

Home,(Table3.2).

Table3-3:Acomparisonbetweentraditionallearningaimsandinquirylearningaims

16

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