中国旅游词汇 导游常识词汇 宗教 节庆

1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses）

八卦trigram

阴、的阳yin, yang

道Dao（cf. logo）

江湖（世界）the jianghu World（the traits’ world）

e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身不由己)

道Daoism（Taoism）

上火excessive internal heat

儒学Confucianism

红学（《红楼梦》研究）redology

世外桃源Shangri-la or Arcadia

开放kaifang（Chinese openness to the outside world）

大锅饭getting an equal share regardless of the work done

伤痕文学scar literature or the literature of the wounded

不搞一刀切no imposing uniformity on…

合乎国情，顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people

乱摊派，乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge

铁交椅iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post

脱贫to shake off poverty; anti-poverty

治则兴，乱则衰Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline

2、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial）

国庆节National Day

中秋节Mia-Autumn Festival

春节Spring Festival

元宵节Lantern Festival

儿童节Children’s Day

端午节Dragon Boat Festival

妇女节Women’s Day

泼水节Water-Splashing Day

教师节Teachers’ Day

五四青年节Youth Day

3、中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods）馄饨wonton

锅贴guotie (fried jiaozi)

花卷steamed twisted rolls

套餐set meal

盒饭box lunch; Chinese take-away

米豆腐rice tofu

魔芋豆腐konjak tofu

米粉rice noodles

冰糖葫芦a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)

火锅chafing dish

八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding

粉丝glass noodles

豆腐脑jellied bean curd

4、中国新兴事物（Newly Sprouted Things）中国电信China Telecom

中国移动China Mobile

十五计划the 10th Five-Year Plan

中国电脑联网Chinanet

三峡工程the Three Gorges Project

希望工程Project Hope

京九铁路Beijing CKowloon Railway

扶贫工程Anti-Poverty Project

菜篮子工程Vegetable Basket Project

温饱工程Decent-Life Project

安居工程Economy Housing Project

扫黄Porn-Purging Campaign

西部大开发Go-West Campaign

5、特有的一些汉语词汇

禅宗Zen Buddhism

禅dhyana; dhgaya

混沌chaos

道Daosim, the way and its power

四谛Four Noble Truth

八正道Eightfold Path

无常anity

五行说Theory of Five Elements

无我anatman

坐禅metta or transcendental meditation

空sunyata

虚无nothingness

双喜double happiness(中)，a doubled stroke of luck(英) 小品witty skits

相声cross-talk

噱头；掉包袱gimmick, stunt

夜猫子night people; night-owls

本命年this animal year of sb.

处世之道philosophy of life

姻缘yinyuan（prefixed fate of marriage）

还愿redeem a wish (vows)

6、具有文化特色的现代表述

大陆中国Mainland China

红宝书little red book

红色中国socialist China

四化Four Modernizations

终生职业job-for-life

铁饭碗iron rice bowl

大锅饭communal pot

关系户closely-related units

外出打工人员migrant workers

关系网personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五讲(讲文明、的讲礼貌、的讲卫生、的讲秩序、的讲道德)：the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

四美（心灵美、的语言美、的行为美、的环境美）：the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

7、中国古代独特事物（Unique Ancient Chinese Items）

宣纸rice paper

衙门yamen

叩头kowtow

孔子Confucius

牌楼pailou；pai-loo

武术wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）

功夫kungfu；kung fu

中庸the way of medium（cf. Golden Means）

中和harmony (zhonghe)

孝顺to show filial obedience

孝子dutiful son

家长family head

三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

五常：仁、的义、的理、的智、的信five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

八股文eight-legged essays

多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness

养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age

8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译

基层监督grass-roots supervision

基础税率base tariff level

婚介所matrimonial agency

婚外恋extramarital love

婚纱摄影bride photo

黑心棉shoddy cotton

机器阅卷machine scoring

即开型奖券scratch-open ticket/lottery

集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development

价格听证会public price hearings

甲A球队Division A Soccer Team

家政服务household management service

加强舆论监督ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 假帐accounting fraud

叫板challenge; pick a quarrel

矫情use lame arguments

渐进式台独gradual Taiwan independence

借调temporarily transfer

扩大中等收入者比重Raise the proportion of the middle-income group

扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption

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