英美概况习题精选revised(含答案)

Understanding the United Kingdom

Part 1 Geography and History of UK

Section 1 The Land

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in _____.

A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 2. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.

A. Severn B. Thames C. Mersey D. Humber 3. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.

A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.

A. Ben Nevis B. Cross Fell C. Snowdonia D. Scafell 5. The Lake District is well-known for _____.

A. its wild and beautiful scenery B. its varied lakes C. the lake Poets D. all of the above three 6. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?

A. coldness B. more rainy days C. changeability D. more fogs Keys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. A

II. Translate the following into Chinese

1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 2.The strait of Dover 多佛海峡 3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡 4.Greenwich 格林尼治 5..The Britain Isles 大不列颠岛 6.The Thames River 泰晤士河 7.The Severn River 塞汶河 8.Lake Neigh 讷湖 9. Lake District 湖区

10.Edinburgh 爱丁堡 11.Glasgow 格拉斯哥

12. Cardiff 加的夫 13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱 14. the British Isles不列颠群岛 15.the English Channel 英吉利海峡

16. maritime climate海洋性气候；海岸气候 17. loanwords外来语，外来词 18.. Old English古英语（略作OE） 19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会；罗马公教 20. .Middle English中世纪英语；中古英语（约1150－约1475年间的英语） III. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. ___ 1. Northern Ireland a. church leader of a diocese ___ 2. Charlotte Bronte b. Ulster

___ 3. archbishop c. Middle Valley

___ 4. Ben Nevis d. church leader of a province ___ 5. bilingual education e. Britain‘s highest mountain ___ 6. Central lowland f. author of Jane Eyre

___ 7. bishop g. teaching in two languages (Key: 1.b 2.f 3.a 4.e 5.g 6.c 7.d)

Section 2 The People

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The English people are descendants of .

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A. Celts B. Romans C. Anglo-Saxons D. Danes

2. Middle English took shape about a century after the Conquest. A. Roman B. Anglo-Saxon C. Norman D. Danish 3. The established church of Britain is .

A. The Church of England B. Free church

C. The United Reformed Church D. The Church of Scotland 4. Easter is kept, commemorating the of Jesus Christ. A. Coming B. Birth C. Death D. Resurrection Keys: 1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D

II．Match the names of the cities with the descriptions. Column A Column B

__f__1. Liverpool a. the steel manufacturing center of Britain __c__2. Hulls b. the former center of textile industry of Britain __a__3. Sheffield c. the fishing port in Humberside __b__4. Manchester d. the largest city in Britain

__g__5. Glasgow e. the second largest city in Britain __d__6. London f. the district of Merseyside __e__7. Birmingham g. the largest city in Scotland __i__8. Belfast h. the capital of Wales

__j__9. Edinburgh i. the capital of Northern Ireland __h__10.Cardiff j. the capital of Scotland III. Translate the following into Chinese

1.Modern English 现代英语 2.The Church of England 英格兰圣公会 3.Christmas 圣诞节 4.Easter 复活节 5.Westminster Abbey 西敏寺大教堂 6.City of London 伦敦城 7.Outer London 外伦敦 8.Poets' Corner 诗人角 9. Birmingham 伯明翰 IV. True or False

1. England is smaller than the combined territory of Scotland and Wales. 2. The first Christian church was established at Canterbury, England, in 597. 3. The Scottish language is derived from Old English.

4. What kind of language to speak is not important in Great Britain.

5. The present-day English people have inherited the physical characteristics of the Germanic

people and the Celts.

(Key: 1. F (still larger) 2.T 3. F (Old Celtic language) 4. F (extremely important) 5. T

Section 3 Early Man and the Feudal Society

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The earliest settlers on the British Isles were the ___________. A. Celts B. Gaels C. Iberians D. Brythons 2. In 43 A.D., Roman under _______ conquered Britain.

A. Julius Caesar B. Claudius C. Augustine D. the Pope

3. Roman Britain lasted until the year of ______ when all Roman troops went back to the

continent.

A. 400 A.D. B. 410 A.D. C.445 A.D. D.449 A.D.

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4. Which of the following was NOT a thing of value left behind by Roman?

A. Welsh Christianity B. the Roman Roads C. cities D. enormous wealth 5. The Great Charter was made in the interest of _______.

A. the King B. the feudal lords C. the townsmen D. the merchants Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. B

II. Rearrange the following historical events in the order in which they took place. 1. __d____ a. Norman Conquest

2. __b____ b. Anglo-Saxon Conquest 3. __e____ c. the birth of Parliament 4. __a____ d. Roman Conquest 5. __c____ e. Danish Conquest III. Translate the following into Chinese

1. Roman Conquest 罗马征服 2 . Anglo-Saxon settlement 盎格鲁 撒克逊人的定居 3. Edward, the Confessor 信教者爱德华

4. Battle at Hastings 哈斯丁斯战役

5. the Great Charter 大宪章 6. Model Parliament 模范会议 7. Stonehenge巨石阵 8. King Arthur 亚瑟王 9. Vikings 维京人/北欧海盗 10. the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集 11. Danelaw丹麦法律施行区 12. Picts皮克特人 13. Julius Caesar 尤里乌斯 凯撒/ 凯撒大帝19. Hadrian‘s Wall 哈德良长城 20. Robin Hood罗宾汉

IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. King Alfred a. itinerant justices 2. knights b. the Father of British Navy 3. Prince of Wales c. heir to the English throne 4. circuit judges d. sworn men 5. Witan e. wise men (1-b 2-d 3-c 4-a 5-e ) V. True or False

1. The Celts laid the foundations of the English state. 2. Old English originated in Normandy.

3. The Norman Conquest strengthened the cultural connection between the Anglo-Saxons and their relatives in north Europe.

4. The Norman cavalry defeated the Anglo-Saxon troop at Hastings.

5. The bi-linguistic period in English history drew to an end by the late 18th century. (1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F)

Section 4 Decline of Feudalism and the Bourgeois Revolution

I. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. _______ launched the Hundred Years‘ War.

A. Edward Ⅰ B. Edward Ⅱ C. Edward Ⅲ D. Henry Ⅲ

2. War of Roses were fought _____ between the Lacastrians and the Yorkists from 1455 to 1485. A. constantly B. irregularly C. continuously D. intermittently 3. The House of Tudor was founded in _______.

A. 1455 B. 1465 C. 1475 D. 1485

4. The British Bourgeois Revolution took place in the ______ century.

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A. 15th B. 16th C. 17th D. 18th

5. Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT true?

A. the Renaissance was a revival of interest in many things that the early Middle Ages had cared about.

B. the Renaissance was a cultural movement by humanists. C. the Renaissance spread into England under the Tudor.

D. During the Renaissance, the theatre attained great popularity under Elizabeth. 6. The ―glorious revolution‖ of 1688 put ____ on the throne.

A. Charles Ⅰ B. Charles Ⅱ C. James Ⅱ D. William of Orange Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.D 4. C 5.A 6. D

II. Translate the following into Chinese

1. Puritan 清教徒 2. The Hundred Years‘ War 百年大战

3. Short Parliament 短期议会 4. Long Parliament 长期议会 5. Black Death 黑死病 6. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝复辟 7. ―Glorious Revolution‖ 光荣革命 8. the Wars of Roses 玫瑰战争 9. humanism 人文主义 10. Renaissance文艺复兴 IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Armada a. flower of the feudalism 2. knights b. peasant leader 3. Watt Tyler c. state church 4. Tudor Monarchy d. New Monarchy 5. Protestantism e. Invincible Fleet 6. Established religion f. Protestant ideology (1-e 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-f 6-c) V. True or False

1. Feudalism was established in England soon after the Anglo-Saxon conquest. 2. The Hundred Year‘s War continued without interruption for more than 100 years. 3. The ending of the Wars of the roses marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.

4. The Tudor Monarchy was the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in English

history.

5. Elizabethan drama rejected humanism and regarded life as a tragedy. (1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F)

Section 5 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.

1. The British Industrial Revolution first began in the industry. A. iron and steel B. textile C. coal-mining D. ship-building 2. invented the ―spinning Jenny.‖

A. James Hargreaves B. Richard Arkwright C. Edmund Cartwright D. James Watt 3. The author of Wealth of Nations is . A. Adam Smith B. David Richardo C. Thomas Malthus D. Robert Owen Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.A

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II Match the inventions in Column B with the inventors in Column A. Column A Column B

1. c James Hargreaves a. spinning machine run by water power 2. a Richard Arkwright b. the steam engine 3. d Edmund Cartwright c. the ―Spinning Jenny‖ 4. b James Watt d. the power loom III. Key Terms:

1. gunpowder plot 火药阴谋（1605年英国天主教徒在国会地下室放置炸药企图炸死国王） 2. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说 3. Origin of Species 物种起源

IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution 2. Darwin B. Lord Protector

3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species 4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre 5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists (1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D)

Section 6 The British Empire and British Imperialism

What wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?

A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称)) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.

From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly waged a war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking. In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China. Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The first British colony was . A. New England B. Newfoundland C. West Indies D. India

2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842. A. Peking B. Nanking C. Tientsin D. Canton 3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ? A. foreign territorial expansion B. export of capital C. free competition D. monopoly 4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ? A. Germany B. France C. Austria-Hungary D. Italy 5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ? A. Britain B. France C. Russia D. Italy 6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?

A. Factories closed B. Banks failed C. Foreign trade shriveled D. Unemployment rate was low 7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?

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