高二（下）英语新世纪版 U5 The Survival of the Fittest 词汇整理

Additional reading The Survival of the Fittest

Paragraph A:

Q: What did the Bible say about the origin of life? 1. the survival of the fittest 适者生存 survival (n.) 幸存

survive (vt./vi)

survive a disaster/ the air crash/ the earthquake 在……中幸免于难

Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于难。 survivor (n.) 幸存者 2. wonder (v.) 想知道

I wonder whether they will arrive on time. wonder (n.) 奇迹

It is a wonder that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten-storied building. 创造奇迹 work/do wonders

3. on earth (用于疑问词后加强语气)究竟，到底；世界上，人世间（常用于最高级和疑问

句后加强语气） Who on earth told you that? What on earth do you mean?

Where on earth have you been all these years?

How on earth did you manage to finish the work in such a short time? She felt she was the happiest woman on earth. 4. state (vt.) 陈述，说明

The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith. statement (n.)陈述，说明

Clearness of statement is more important than beauty of language. state (n.) 状况，状态

The vice president is in a state of poor health. 5. create (vt. )

Some people believe that God created the world. creature (n.)

Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech. 人类是唯一被赋予语言能力的动物。 creation (n.)

the creation of a new department 新部门的创建 6. exist (v.) 存在

The idea only exists in the minds of poets. existence (n.) 存在

Do you believe in the existence of ghosts?

The company came into existence 20 years ago. (开始存在，建立） Paragraph B:

Q: What did Darwin love to do when he was working on a ship as a naturalist? 7. offer (v.) 提供

这家公司给他提供了高薪。

The company offers him a high salary. = The company offers a high salary to him. He offered to lend me some books. 8. be seasick 晕船 be homesick 想家

9. ashore (adv.) 向岸边，靠岸边 Most of the other passengers had gone ashore. The ship was driven ashore by the bad weather. 10. sample (v.) 样品

Our firm gives away free samples of cloth. 我们公司免费赠送布料样品。

11. observe (v.) 1) 看到,注意到

He observed a stranger hanging around the store. 他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。 2) 观察,观测;监视

They carefully observed the behavior of deer. 他们仔细观察了鹿的生活习性。 3) 遵守,奉行

This law must be strictly observed. 这项法律必须严格遵守。 4) 庆祝(节日等)

Some people observe Christmas here.

Paragraph C:

Q: What explained why many kinds of creature are no longer alive? 12. vary (vi.) 改变，变化

Eating habits vary from person to person.

The weather varies from hour to hour in some mountain district. 在某些山区天气时刻变化。 various (adj. ) 各种各样的

variety (n.) 变化；种类 a variety of books

13. Only in this way can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. Only some of us can speak English.

Conclusion: Only +状语位于句首，句子进行部分倒装 Only +主语位于句首，为正常句序 14. process (n.) 过程

Changing the education system will be a difficult process. process (vt.) 加工

Supermarkets sell many vegetables that have been processed. 15. evolution (n.) (生物的) 进化, 演化; 进化论[U]

In the course of evolution, some birds have lost the power of flight. 在演化过程中一些鸟失去了飞行的能力。

16. remain (v.) 剩余，留下，保持 I remain in London until July. He remained poor all his life.

The problem remained to be discussed.

Paragraph D:

Q: Why didn’t Darwin publish his writings about evolution at first? 17. by: 到…为止

By 1846, he had published an article describing his voyage. 他预测到2020年能找出治愈该病的方法。

He predicted that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2020. 18. prove

1) 证明，证实

The lawyer proved the innocent of his client.律师证实了他的当事人的清白。 2）证明是；原来是 The rumor proved true. 这谣传结果是真的。

He proved a competent manager. 他证明是一个能干的经理。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证明是错的。

Paragraph E:

Q: Why did his book The Origin of Species cause a big argument in the world? 19. He denied that he was involved in the accident There is no denying that +主+谓 不可否认

There is no denying that he stole the watch from the shop. 20. upset - upset - upset v. 1）打乱

Rain upset our plans for a picnic. 下雨打乱了我们的野餐计划。 2）使心烦意乱

Losing the necklace borrowed from her friend upset her completely. 3）adj. 心烦的

I am always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 21. prohibit (vt.) 禁止；妨碍

Smoking is prohibited in the office building.

Illness prohibited him from attending the meeting yesterday. 他病了，这使他不能参加昨天的会议。

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