高级英语第一册课后练习答案_张汉熙版

Lesson 1

The Middle Eastern Bazaar

I．

1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．

2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper— smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．

3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．

4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.

5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.

II .

1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another

2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.

3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.

4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.

5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.

Ⅲ. See the translation of text.

IV.

1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord

2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight

3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway

4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware

5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour

6)v. +adv..pullover, buildup

V.

1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.

2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.

3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．

4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．

5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it． (adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．

6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．

7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?

Ⅵ．

1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．

2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．

3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．

Ⅶ．

1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光， 强调光的强度。

2)din指连续不断的噪音，听了很使人心烦意乱；sound指人们感觉到的各种各样的声音，包括高亢的，轻柔的，悦耳的，难听的；noise指所有强烈的、混乱的或令人不快的sounds。

3)quiet或silent指没有声音；而 音被压低或吸收而已。muted则指有声音，只不过声

4)display指陈列(物品)，让人看得见；exhibition指展示(物品)，以引人注意、观看。

5)distinct指声音十分清晰，让人一听就知道与别的声音不一样；clear指某物丝毫也不混乱、含糊或模糊不清，因而也就易于理解或领悟。

6)huge指体积大，比large更具体。

7)varied不同于different，它强调的是充满变化，有多种形式或种类繁多。

8)exotic不仅指很奇怪，而且指外来的，本地没有的。strange 的“奇怪”内涵是：生疏、异样、不自然、费解等。

9)sunlit一词更为具体，指因为阳光照耀而明亮；bright则强调光的强度。

lO)massive不仅指大，而且指重，给人的印象深。

11)constantly强调稳定，始终如一；endlessly则强调没完没了，单一，乏味。

12)old意指旧的、老的或古老的；used不一定就是陈旧的，它的意思是因已用过而不再新了。

Ⅷ．

1)buyers 2)sharp，strong 3)dismal，gloomy，solemn 4)declaring，insisting 5)strike 6)abundance，plenty 7)rich and costly 8)goods

9)mixing

Ⅸ．

1)There is the cloth—market，with its profusion of rich colour．

2)There is the coppersmiths’market，where you can hear the sounds of tinkling，banging and clashing．

3)There is the carpet—market，where you can find varied textures and regional designs．

4)There is the spice—market，with its pungent and exoti’c smells．

5)There is the food—market，with everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner．

6) There is a sunlit courtyard, with flowers blooming and birds chirping.

X．

1)A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.

2)At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.

3)I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry.

4)The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs.

5)Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see.

6)They decided to buy that house with. a garage attached.

7)The teachers make a point of being strict with the students.

8)This little girl is very much attached to her father.

9)To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learning from the advanced science and technology of other countries.

10)As dusk fell, daylight faded away.

11)The apprentice watched his master carefully and then followed suit.

12)Frank often took a hand in the washing-up after dinner.

XI.

bazaar, veiled women, copper vessels, carpets, spice, mosque, camels, caravanserai, desert, etc.

XlI. Omitted.

XIII.

1)As I go deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and I come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, reduces the sound of footsteps, and I can hear no sound being echoed. The shop-keepers speak in slow, controlled tones, and the; customers talk in the same way.

The copper-smiths' market is easily traced by the noise coming from it．As I approach it，a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to strike my ear. The noise is so deafening that 1 have to leave as quickly as I can. I can hardly imagine how those copper—smiths and their apprentices can bear to live in all that noise．

Lesson 2

Hiroshima---the “Liveliest City in Japan”

I .

1)The writer must be an American journalist or reporter.2)The aim of the visit, I think, was to gather information about Hiroshima today.3)A lot of sad thoughts were on his mind. There were other visitors from abroad who didn't share his views. The first paragraph shows this to us clearly.4)He felt a sense of guilt.

5)The Japanese were not preoccupied with the same thought as the writer was.

6)Hiroshima was different from other Japanese cities in that it was destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945.

7)Since then, it has been rebuilt with hard work and with the help of education, science and technology.

8)One is an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional customs. Another is that the impact of the 1945 bomb attack is still felt or seen till now.

9)Because he thought it was unnecessary to do so since the answers were obvious after his talk with the patients.

10)The answer was the Hiroshima was not the liveliest city in Japan.

Ⅱ .

1)They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.

2)As soon as the taxi driver saw a traveler, he immediately opened the door.

3)The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development.

4)1 suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.

5)The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was．

6)After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude．

7)1 was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant．His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking．

8)I thought for some reason or other no harm had been done to me．

Ⅲ．See the translation of the text．

Ⅳ．

1)n．+present participle：epoch—making，face—keeping，time consuming，

nerve—wracking

2)n．+past participle：home—made，bedridden，sun—burnt， heartfelt

3)n．+adj．：pitch—dark，headstrong，duty—free，coal—black

4)n．+n．+-ed：lion-hearted，iron-fisted，wall—eyed，brick—walled

5)adj．+n．+-ed：stiff-necked，highminded，dull—witted，warm—blooded，

empty—headed，cold—blooded

6)adj．+present participle：high—sounding，hard—working, plain-sailing，

far—reaching

7)adj．+past participle：high—flown，new-born，finespun, high—strung

Ⅴ．

1)was指事实如此；而must be意为“很可能”。

2)“Was I at the scene ?”表示不能断定是不是在那里，而 “Was I not at the scene ?”表示肯定是在那里，有“难倒 不是”的意思。

3)elderly意为“上了年纪的”，但不算太老。

4)grin指露齿而笑，有时可指傻笑，但不出声；laugh表示大笑；。mile一词最常用，指不出声地微笑，可表示开心、满意、喜爱等等。

5)sketch指很快地勾画出轮廓。

6)careful指认真、周全，小心谨慎以免出错；cautious指处处谨小慎微，以防失败或危险。

7)site大多指一块地方，可大可小；它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(a

building site)，也可能指发生某事的地方或场所，如第一枚原子弹爆炸的地方(site of the first atomic bombardment)。spot所指地点较小。

8)demolish意义比较实在，指彻底拆除，而destroy仅指破坏。

9)gay意为轻松愉快，兴致高。delightful指有魅力，心情好。

lO)gaze指目不转睛地长久地注视，往往出于好奇、钦羡、着迷等。stare指盯着看，瞪大眼睛看，往往出于吃惊、羡慕等。

Ⅵ．

1)job，task，duty 2)unaware 3)fronts，by the front doors

4)striking/fascinating/strange / sight；continual，endless， constant

5)sudden，sharp feeling；idea，thought，expectation 6)killed，murdered

7)pain，torture 8)fame 9)daydream，thoughts 1O)atomic disaster

11)tear down， pull down 12)meet with，face

Ⅶ．

1)他刚才所讲的与讨论的问题无关。

2)战场旧址使他回想起那战火纷飞的抗战岁月。

3)他专心致志地工作，完全没有理会周围正在发生的事。

4)记者们看到诺贝尔奖获得者时感到很兴奋。

5)——老师用了个什么字?我没太听清楚。 ——我也没听清楚，很像是preoccupation。

6)又拐了一个弯，我们来到了一个可容几百人的大岩洞。

7)人们领悟到这骇人听闻的消息之后都惊得目瞪口呆。

8)铁水倒人混铁炉有如把茶水从茶壶倒入茶杯。

9)手术的失败使年青的外科大夫心情沉重。

10)将军常到兵营里去，和普通战士们在一起。

Ⅶ．

1)soil 2)soil 3)earth 4)earth 5)familiar to 6)familiar

with 7)puzzled 8)surprising 9)admits 10)had confessed

11)careful 12)cautiously

Ⅸ．

1)There is not a soul in the hall．The meeting must have been put off．

2)The book looks very much like a box. (The book looks much the same as a box. )

3)Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect. It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other.

4)The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.

5)He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.

6)What he did had nothing to do with her.

7)She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind.

8)I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.

9)He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchange opinions with them on various subjects.

10)It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.

11)The soil smells of fresh grass.

12)Could you spare me a few minutes?

13)Could you spare me a ticket?

14)That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.

X. Omitted.

XI.

My Visit to the European Town

One autumn, my friends and I went to Wuxi on vacation. We decided to visit the European Town first. It is a park located on the side of Tai Lake. Many European scenic spots are built smaller there and a lot of tourists go there for sightseeing everyday. Because they may never have the chance to see the real ones, they pay to see these imitations.

We arrived at the town late in the morning. It began to drizzle as we stepped inside. But the rain didn't decrease our plea-sure because it was more romantic than in the sunlight. I was deeply impressed by the scenery there. The number of European 31style buildings was beyond my imagination. We saw Triumphal Arch and Eiffel Tower of Paris, the Windmills of Holland and many others. Here and there, people were taking pictures. In an excited mood, we strolled to each building. We also took a lot of photos there. I liked the one taken in front of Triumphal Arch most. It was so real that you might think I had been to Paris.

We spent the rest of the day there. It was really an unforgetable experience for me.

Lesson 3

Ships in the Desert

I.

1)The writer went to the Aral Sea to search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis. What he saw there was hot dry sand.

2)It was the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier.

3)Scientists were monitoring the air several times a day to chart the course of the climate change.

4)Because the polar cap plays a crucial role in the world's weather system, the thinning of the polar cap might cause flood in many places of the world.

5)There are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America. The destruction of the Amazon rain forest will mean silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.

6)The writer calls noctilucent clouds"ghosts in the sky". As a result of pollution, the clouds occasionally appear when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness. And they appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere.

7)Because we are not yet awakened to take effective measures to deal with the climate change.

8)Carbon dioxide's ability to trap heat in the atmosphere causes global warming. Because global warming seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pat- tern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean cur- rents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.

9)The two key factors are human population and the scientific and technological development. The dramatic changes that have occurred in these two factors are a sudden and startling surge in human population and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution.

10)The writer's solution to our ecological problems is to reinvent and finally heal the relationship between human beings and the earth by carrying out a careful reassessment of all the {actors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship.

Ⅱ.

1)It was not at all possible to catch a large amount of fish.

2)Following the layers of ice in the core sample, his finger came to the place where the layer of ice was formed 2050 years ago.

3)keeps its engines running for fear that if he stops them, the metal parts would be frozen solid and the engines would not be able to start again

4)Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughtered and the beef can be used in ham- burgers.

5)Since miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists, thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will become extinct.

6)Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the polar cap is not just a kind of practice in conjecture (speculation), it has got practical Value.

7) We are using and destroying resources in such a huge amount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness.

8) Or have we been so accustomed to the bright electric lights that we fail to understand the threatening implication of these clouds.

9)To put forword the question in a different way

10)and greatly affect the living places and activities of human societies

ll)We seem unaware that the earth's natural systems are delicate.

12)And this continuing revolution has also suddenly developed at a speed that doubled and tripled the original speed.

Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.

IV.

1)transportation, imitation, destruction

2)encirclement, enrichment, enlightenment

3)postage, coinage, advantage

4)sharpness, boldness, smoothness

5)admission, concession, depression

6)productivity, sensitivity, desirability

7)posture, departure, indenture

8)independence, prudence, impudence

9)flagrancy, consistency, potency

10)analysis, metabasis, metamorphosis

ll)dictatorship, ownership, partnership

12)depth, length, birth

V.

1)technology 技术 2)ecology 生态学

3)hydrology 水文学 4)phrenology 颅像学

5)neurology 神经病学 6)pathology 病理学

7)physiology生理学 8)pharmacology药理学

9)gynaecology妇科学 lO)oceanology海洋学

11)lexicology词汇学 12)archaeology考古学

13)anthropology人类学 14)criminology犯罪学

Ⅵ．

1)anarchist无政府主义者

2)naturalist自然主义者

3)biologist生物学家

4)psychologist心理学家

5)satirist讽刺作家

6)encyclopaedist百科全书编纂者

7)geologist地质学家

8)sociologist社会学家

9)zoologist动物学家

lO)impressionist印象派艺术家

l1)environmentalist环境保护论者

12)terrorist恐怖主义分子

Ⅶ．

1)submarine潜水艇

2)submerge淹没，潜入水中

3)subantartic亚南极的

4)subsolar在太阳正下面的，赤道的

5)subhead小标题

6)subaquatic半水栖的

7)subdivide把 再分

8)suboxide低氧化物

9)subclass亚纲

lO) subclimax亚顶极群落

l1)subcommittee小组委员会

12)subconscious下意识的

13)subcontinent次大陆

14)subcontract转包合同

15)subculture亚文化群

16)subspecies亚种

17)subsoil 底土

18)sublethal ( 毒药的量等 ) 尚不致命的

Ⅷ.

inland sea, desert, core sample, glacier, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, polar ice cap, global warming, Amazon rain forest, species of birds, ecological balance, noctilucent cloud, methane gas, natural gas, landfills, coal mines, rice paddies, termites, biomass, upper atmosphere, elephants, greenhouse gases, water vapor, growing mountains of waste, acid rain, chlorine, human activities, heat-absorbing molecules, global climate equilibrium, winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, sea level, vegetative and animal life, etc.

IX.

1)basic examples 2)unalterable 3)meeting 4)characterized strike against each other 5)set up 6)see, attack 7)at the same time

8)balance 9)increasing, existence 10)task ll)out-of-date

X.

1)consequences 2)results 3)results 4)outcome 5)results,

6)outcome 7)causes 8)causes 9)reason 10)reason ll)relations

12)relationship 13) relations 14)relationship 15)complex

16)complex 17)complicated 18)complex 19)simple 20)simplistic

XI.

1)with 2)of 3)on 4)of 5)in 6)in 7)against

8)than 9)of lO)as ll)as 12)with 13)of 14)of

15)for 16)of

XII.

relationship, environment, garbage, what, endless, allow, that, dumping, dispose, drown, having, old, mind, running, waste, it, sight 11 recent, debates, disposal, ocean, elsewhere, confront, capacity, of, quantities, only, change, reduce, we, used, interdependent, chosen, unless, dramatically, thinking, humankind, inherit

XIII. Omitted.

XIV.

We Must Protect Our Ecological System

With the development of human civilization, man has created countless wonders, but at what a price! Our ecological sys-tem, on which all animals' existence depends, has been seriously damaged and is still being threatened. The earth's temperature is getting higher, more and more forests are being felled, large numbers of animals are facing extinction, and deserts are expanding at an incredible rate.

The causes for the worsening ecological system are manifold. Perhaps two of the major problems lie in people's pursuit of short-term interests with little attention to long-term interest sand their pursuit of individual interests rather than

collective interests. In the first case, many lakes are filled to grow crops or even build houses; trees are cut down, only bare mountains stand cold in the wind and are capable of holding no water when it rains. In the second case, scenic spots become dirty and deserted because of newly established nearby factories producing waste water and air; industrial countries invest heavily in chemical factories in the Third World nations, keeping their own land relatively clean.

To solve the problems mentioned above, we should try our best to balance

short-term interests with long-term ones by making long-term plans and taking as many things as possible into consideration. We're living today and are still to live tomorrow we and our posterity both have to live on the earth. Besides, Global action should be taken to protect our ecological system. People, eastern or western, rich or poor, should join their hands to prevent our ecological system from being further damaged. We have only one earth and we have to make it a better world.

Lesson4 Everyday Use for your grandmama

I .

1)In real life the mother was a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands.

2)Dee like her mother to have a slender figure and a fair skin, glistening hair and a quick and witty tongue.

3)When she meets a strange white man, she always avoids looking him in the eye and is ready to go away.

4)Maggie is an innocent, timid and kind-hearted girl.

5) Because they were more seriously looked down upon by white men at that time, and they were not as awaken as they are today.

6)Because Dee doesn't like her friends to see the poor state her family is in, which she thinks is shameful. This tells us that Dee is somewhat a snob. Another instance to prove this is that she wants nice things.

7)Because it was old and stitched by hand instead of by machine. So that she could use them for decoration showing to the people she was associated with.

8)Maggie wanted the quilt because she could remember her grandma better, who taught her to do needle work.

9)Because she wanted to get some valuable heritages of the family, mainly out of her vanity.

10)At first the mother liked Dee because of her beauty, taste, and education. But with the development of the story, her love was transferred to a dislike because of Dee's egotism, which was obviously revealed when she insisted on taking the quilts while her sister Maggie gave up keeping it willingly to satisfy her desire.

11)It's implied that the story is written in honor of the grandma mentioned in it and that the ordinary old thing may be something precious for the young.

Ⅱ.

1)She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life.

2)She could always have anything she wanted, and life was extremely generous to her.

3)The popular TV talk show star, Johnny Carson, who is famous for his witty and glib tongue, has to try hard if he wants to catch up with me.

4)It seems to me that I have talked to them always ready to leave as quickly as possible.

5)She imposed on us lots of falsity.

6)imposed on us a lot of knowledge that is totally useless to us

7)She is not bright just as she is neither good-looking rich.

8)Dee wore a very long dress even on such a hot day.

9)You can see me trying to move my body a couple of seconds before I finally manage to push myself up.

10)Soon he knows that won't do for Maggie, so he stops trying to shake hands with Maggie.

11)As I see Dee is getting tired of this, I don't want to go on either. In fact, I could have traced it far back before the Civil War along the branches of the family tree.

12)Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way.

13)If Maggie put the old quilts on the bed, they would be in rags less than five years.

14)She knew this was God's arrangement.

Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.

IV.

1)inelegant

2)a stupid person/a simpleton

3)tightly curled

4)expressed or worded well/felicitous

5)say (used to describe dialogue)

6)as if shake hands in a fancy and elaborate way

7)I knew you couldn't trace it further back

8)mispronounced, failed to pronounce it correctly

9)people who bred and fatten cattle for meat

10)talked much and rapidly

V.

1)Dee, however, is not like me.

2)I could never carry a tune.

3)It was like the reaction you have when you see the wriggling end of a snake just in front of your foot on the road.

4)Dee comes out of the car next. She is wearing a dress long enough to touch the ground, in spite of this hot weather.

5)Her earrings are gold，too，and they are hanging down to her shoulders．

6)"No，Mama，”she says "My name is not Dee now，it has changed into Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo!”

7)“Why shouldn't I call you by your new name?'’

8)Those people were always too busy：

9)"Did Uncle Buddy whittle that one, too?” asked the barber．

10)“Imagine that she did all the stitching by hand!” she breathed again，clutching them to her bosom．

Ⅵ．

1) my complexion had a smooth and creamy texture．

2) uncomfortably and nervously，wanting to get away as soon as possible．

3) the quick and great humor that would make everybody laugh immediately．

4)He wasted no time in marrying a contemptible city girl from a family of ignorant ostentatious and vulgar people．

5) move her feet in great discomfort．

6)"Maggie's brain is very slow，”Wangero said, laughing．

7) slightly sunken areas．

8)"Mama，”Wangero said in an extremely sweet voice．

9)She breathed suddenly in painful surprise．

10)For us colored people。this is a new era。and we must seize our opportunities．

Ⅶ．

1)extended意为“加长的”、“加大的”；large指空间大，宽敞。

2)hopelessly指没有希望或指望；helpless指没人帮助或保护；ashamed指因为自卑感而感到卑微或尴尬；embarrassed指感到不自在，举止失态。

3)of this sort带有贬义，暗示这种电视节目质量低劣，档次不高；like this one无贬义。

4)limousine是大型豪华轿车，由一专职司机驾驶，有一玻璃板把司机与乘客隔开；car可指各种汽车。

5)furtive 俩。指做事偷偷摸摸，心中有鬼；sly指长于欺骗，玩弄伎俩。

6)dangling意为在空中摇荡；hanging指把东西挂起来。

7)trunk指存放东西或旅行用的大箱子，用木头或别的材料做成；suitcase指放衣服的旅行箱，常由皮革类材料制造。rifling意为抢劫或掠夺(在这里是一种夸张，说明母亲Dee的行为很不满)；search是一个通用的词，不带感情色彩。

8)breathe意思是轻声地说，低语；breathe again是固定词组,意为如释重负，松了一口气。

Ⅷ．

1)A pleasant surprise，of course．This is much better than a situation in which the parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other．

2)None of the Johnsons had a quick tongue．

3)I could never possibly look a strange white man in the eye.

4)1 know you hated the house and so you are very glad to see the house being burnt down．

5)You may take one or two of the other quilts．

Ⅸ．

1)cropped up 2)put up 3)keep up with 4)brought up 5)brought together 6)hanging about 7)hung back 8)hung 9)hanging down

10)handed down 11)by hand 12)out of style 13)with a style 14)by hand 15)stuck to 16)carried back

Ⅹ．

1)hog猪 2)bull calf小公牛 3)dog狗 4)cow奶牛 5)mule骡子

6)snake蛇 7)sheep羊 8)lizard蜥蜴 9)fish鱼 lO)cattle牛

Ⅺ．Since she never had an education herself，she tended to use simple words，fragmented sentences and other ungrammatical sentences．To give one example。she

used “like” to introduce a clause instead of “as”．

XII．

1)A big fire burned to the ground more than 300 homes in the slum neighborhood.

2)If you are upright and not afraid of losing anything, you will be able to look anyone in the eye.

3) Despite the flood, the losses in agricultural production were not that serious.

4) This blouse doesn't match the color or the style of the skirt.

5)Let's talk about the matter over a cup of coffee.

6)I can't imagine you doing disgraceful things.

7)He couldn't imagine why people were opposed to his suggestions.

8)Stepping off from the car, the official was confronted by two terrorists.

9)As long as we stick to these principles, we will surely be successful.

10)She was shocked at the news, but before long she recomposed herself.

ll)It is very difficult to trace this quotation to its source.

12)Their way of life could be traced to the ancient traditions handed down to them by their ancestors more than one thousand years ago.

XlII. Omitted.

XlV.

My Family

Ours is a big family. My father is a worker who lives in a lo-cal city. Both my oldest uncle and second uncle set up house-keeping in the countryside. My youngest uncle is a teacher and lives far from us. Great changes have taken place in my family since the beginning of the reform and opening policy.

In the late 1970s, our big family had a get-together and discussed the problem of my grandma's residence. Those were hard times. No one took the initiative to live with her. Each family had a skeleton in the cupboard. Oldest uncle had room only e-n0ugh to shelter them from the wind and rain. He had to tighten his belt to keep the family pot boiling. Second uncle had nothing but four bare walls to face and led a dog's life. Youngest uncle was said to be living in a dormitory and couldn't even afford a trip back. My father lived in a bungalow which was a doll's house thing and had to eke out our livelihood. But it was better anyway. My grandma lived on with us.

Such was my family at that time. Each family of the big ex-tended family was in financial straits.

In the early 1990s, my big clan held another family meeting and still my grandma's residence was discussed. But great changes had occurred. Each smaller family was "fighting" for the chance to live with grandma. The meeting began in a merry atmosphere. My father started, "The government has established a system of floor wages and ceiling working hours. We have a steady income and regular leisure time. Besides, we have a well-furnitured apartment. " Oldest uncle hastened, "The state has legalized us to be engaged in household sideline production, so I have set up

a small but rather profitable poultry farm. Moreover, there is more spacious room. " Second uncle would't fall behind, "I have contracted to run a large stretch of land and engage many farm hands. I profit a lot from it. I have more leisure time. " Eventually, as regards the peace in the country-side, my grandma moved to second uncle, youngest uncle took a flight back and told us he had just bought a flat. That was my family about 10 years later. Each smaller family lived in abundance. Now, oldest uncle is manager of a large-scale poultry farm and second uncle's farm has been mechanized.

To sum up, the spring wind of the reform and opening policy has led to great changes and my family is well on the way toprosperity

Lesson5 Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.

I .

1)Germany attacked Russia on an enormous front by air on Sunday, June 22.

2)He was not surprised at the news, because he had thought that the Germans would attack the Soviet Union.

3)Because he had only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, who he thought was the worst in the world.

4) The policy that Churchill declared Britain would pursue was to destroy Hitler and wipe off every single trace of the Nazi regime.

5)According to Churchill, Hitler's invasion of Russia served as the first step for his invasion of Britain, thus controlling of the Western Hemisphere.

Ⅱ .

1)Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S. the support of those who were enemies of Communism.

2)Winant said the United States would adopt the same attitude.

3)In this way, my life is made much easier in this case, it will be much easier for me to decide on my attitude towards events.

4)I will not take back a single word of what I have said about Communism.

5) I can see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, who, after suffering severe losses in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.

6) We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resources.

7)Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.

Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.

IV.

1 ) anti-Communist 反共产主义的（人）； antichrist反对基督（教）的（人） Here "anti-"means "against", "hostile to", "opposed to". Other examples, anti-Japanese, anticolonial, anti-party, anti-imperialist, anti-fascist, anti-apartheid,

antidraft, antislavery, anti-Smith.

2) antibacterial抗细菌的，抗菌物； antifreeze 防冻剂 In these two cases, "anti-"means "preventing', "curing', "neutralizing" or "reducing". Other examples : antiknock, antitoxin, anti-pollution, anti-malarial, antifriction, anti-icer.

3)antiaircraft 防空的 anti-ballistic missile反弹道导弹 Here "anti-"has the meaning of "counteracting", "operating against "or "resisting". Other examples: antitank, antipersecution, antitrust, antigas, antisubmarine, antidote, antimagnetic.

4 )antithesis （修辞学中的）对句，对话，偶句； antihero （小说，戏剧中）不按传统性主角品格塑造的主角 Here "anti-"means "opposite", "reverse". Other examples : antimatter, antipole, antiparticle, antineutron, antiphrasis, antipode, antinovel.

V.

1)He was almost at the end of his powers when

2)-"his reputation is uncertain.

3)He completely ignored

4)People who are in a vulnerable position should not attack others.

5)This may teach the young man not to take foolish risks.

6)"'brought him great success.

7)The pupils took the teacher as their example.

8)...an enormous pile of letters.

Ⅵ.

1)Whether for him, the arch anti-Communist, this was riot bowing down in the House of Rimmon :whether he was not renouncing his previous attitude towards Communism; whether he was not changing his position since he had all along been opposed to Communism.

2)I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes: I think the Red armymen will be surrounded and captured in surprisingly large numbers.

3)The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination: Here "appetite" is used metaphorically, meaning strong German desire for conquest.

4)Still smarting from many a British whipping: Here "whipping" is used metaphorically, meaning counterattack.

5)rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke: Here both "shadow" and "yoke" are used metaphorically, the former meaning the very strong power or influence (of Hitler) and the latter meaning control.

Ⅶ.

1)as cool as cucumber 2)fact and fantasy

3)He came back sound and safe.

4)She sang a song.

5) Next to health, heart and home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile.

Ⅷ.

Parallel structure :

1)We will never parley

We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang

2)We shall fight him by land

We shall fight him by sea

We shall fight him in the air

3)behind all this glare

behind all this storm I see'"

4)1 see the Russian soldiers standing'"

I see them guarding...

I see the ten thousand villages...

I see advancing upon...

I see also the dull

I see the German bombers

I see that small group

5)that is our policy

and that is our declaration

6)We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts.

We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.

7)Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience.

Let us redouble our exertions

Repetition :

1)We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose.

2)He has so long thrived and prospered.

3)We will never parley, we will never negotiate...

IX.

the Nazi war machine, a swarm of crawling locusts, small group of villainous men, his shadow, his yoke, his tyranny, Hitler's blood-lust and the hateful appetites

X.

1)preparing, writing down 2)very fast and violently 3)obtaining, getting

4)returned 5)spent...on it 6)frontiers 7)ancient time 8)evil 9)agree

10)hold talks with our enemy ll)religious belief; faith 12)sadly, deplorably

13) great and sudden disaster

XI.

1)This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area.

2)He was counting on their support.

3)I don't remember his exact words, but I'm sure he did say something to that effect.

4)Churchill said, "Tell Stalin that Britain has but one desire --to crush Hitler.

5)Only 9% of the population in that country remains illiterate.

6)This leaves them no choice but to rely on his efforts.

7)The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception.

8)They overwhelmed the enemy by a surprise attack.

9)Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory.

10)It is clear that German fascists were trying to put the people in that region under their domination.

XII.

1)turn 2)turned...into 3)turn 4)turned to 5) turned into 6 ) turning to 7 ) turn on 8) turned down 9 ) turned out 10)turned out

11)turn up

XIII.(6) (1) (4) (7) (3) (2) (5)

XIV. Omitted.

XV.

The Nazi regime is the most wicked in the world. Now, it is invading U. S. S. R. , and the Russian soldiers are doing their best to safeguard their country. This is a crucial point. I have to declare the policy we should follow. Our policy is to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. Therefore, we must make every effort to fight together with those who fight Hitler and his supporters. We must unite all our friends and allies in every part of the world to fight Hitler.

Hitler's invasion of Russia is merely a prelude to an invasion of Great Britain, which will lead to his total control over the Western Hemisphere. The Russian danger is therefore our danger, and the danger of the United States. If we don't unite, we'll be struck down one by one. Let us make a joint effort to fight the Nazi German.

Lesson6 BLACKMAIL

I .

1)Yes, he did, because he wanted to make them more anxious.

2)Because she didn't like her maid and secretary to know what they would talk to the detective.

3)Because he thought that he knew their secret and that he was in an advantageous position.

4)She found a note made but not destroyed by her husband.

5)He found that on the night the couple entered the hotel through the basement instead of the lobby, both very much shaken.

6)A brush trace is a mark left on something when lightly touched or rubbed.

7)Ogilvie came to talk with them rather than go to report to the police.

8)They had to spend one day or two investigating in the suburban areas.

9)Because every repair shop had been told to report to the police when a car

needing fixing like theirs came in.

10)She thought that was safe for them by making use of the detective's avidity.

11)Originally, the detective asked for ten thousand only to keep silent and not to report to the police. But now the Duchess was asking him to drive their car north and she was ready to offer such a large sum. She knew the detective was greedy. Given so much money, he would do as she told him to.

12)Yes, Ogilvie accepted the Duchess' offer.

Ⅱ .

1)The house detective's small narrow eyes looked her up and down scornfully from his fat face with a heavy jowl.

2)This is a pretty nice room that you have got.

3)The fat body shook in a chuckle because the man was enjoying the fact that he could afford to do whatever he liked and also he was appreciating the fact that the Duchess knew why he had come.

4)He had an unnaturally high-pitched voice. now, he lowered the pitch. When he spoke

5)Ogilvie spat out the words, throwing away his politeness. pretended

6)The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from parents of noble families with a history of three centuries and a half. She wouldn't give up easily.

7)It's no use. What you did just now was a good attempt at trying to save the situation.

8) "That's more acceptable," Ogilvie said. He lit another cigar, "Now we're making some progress. "

9)...he looked at the Duchess sardonically as if he wanted to see if she dared to object to his smoking.

10)The house detective made noises with his tongue to show his disapproval.

Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.

IV.

1)advertisement 2)brassiers 3)doctor 4)refrigerator

5)gymnasium 6)high fidelity(radio, photography, etc. ) 7) intercommunication system 8)liberation 9)memorandum 10)microphone

11)modern 12)permanent wave 13)poliomyelitis 14)popular-song

15)preparatory (school) 16)professor 17)sister 18)television

19)veterinarian 20)zoological

V.

1)a half-finished letter 2)a half-closed window 3)a piece of half-baked bread 4) a half-turned body 5) a well-appointed hotel 6)well-behaved pupils 7)well-chosen words 8)well-fed children 9)well-informed sources (people) 10) high-flown language

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