考博英语辅导讲义

? ? 考博英语辅导讲义（一） 一、政治类： 把…捐给慈善机构 donate …to charities 把…看成社会公敌 look upon … as a threat to society 把…列为基本国策 list…as fundamental national policies 把…作为指导 take… as the guide 把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice … 把握大局 grasp the overall situation 摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness 保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) women’s rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures 参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs 充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength 打破僵局 break the deadlock 打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone 得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion 锻造一支人民军队 forge a people’s army 对…具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on 对…做出重要 (巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to 反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism 反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government 高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner 给…带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to 根除 (防止,消除)*** root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption 观察当今世界 observe the present-day world 缓和紧张状况 ease the tension 回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle 加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform 加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy 坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences 减轻农民负担 alleviate farmer’s burden 解放思想 emancipate our minds 解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing 解决新问题 resolve new problems 进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world 进入新时期 enter a new period 进行和谈 hold peace talks 进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment 就…接受妥协 accept a compromise on 开发西部 remake the west 开始生效 go into effect (enter into force) 开拓前进 open up new ways forward来源：考试大 科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education 理顺关系 rationalize the relationship 履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations 迈出重要的一步 make an important step 来源：考试大 热爱和平 love peace 深化改革 deepen the reform 审时度势 size up the situation来源：考试大 实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity 实现民族独立 realize national independence 实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes 实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 实行新政策 practice new policies 受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide 缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap 完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation 维护世界和平 maintain world peace 吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations 下放权力给 delegate the management of ... (to ...) 响应号召 respond to the call 修改法律 amend the laws 宣布…召开 announce the opening of 徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 依法治国 govern the country according to law 引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of the whole nation 引起全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide 赢得一个又一个胜利 win one victory after another 在…中起 (至关)重要作用 play a major (crucial, an important ) role in 增强凝聚力 enhance the rally power 增强综合国力和国际竞争 enhance comprehensive (overall) national strength and international competitiveness 展望伟大征程 look into the great journey 展现生机和活力 display one’s vigor and vitality 战胜无数的困难 overcome numerous difficulties 振兴西部 revive the west 振兴中华民族 rejuvenate (revitalize) our nation 政企不分 mix up the functions of the government and enterprises 政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management 政务公开 make government affairs public 主张各国政府采取行动 urge governments of all countries to take action 抓住机遇 seize the opportunity 转变政府职能 transform (shift) the government functions 追求进步 pursue progress 追求真理 seek the truth 走进新时代 march (stride) into the new era. 遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties 遵循规则 follow the principles ? ? 考博英语辅导讲义（二） 二、经济类 爱岗敬业 cherish posts and devote wholeheartedly to work 保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy 保持国有股 keep the State-held shares 保证下岗职工的基本生活 guarantee the basic needs of laid-off workers 被指控接受贿赂 be accused of accepting bribes 采取不同的办法 adopt various methods 采取反垄断措施 take anti-monopoly measures 承担风险 bear (take) risk 筹集足够的资金 raise enough funds (capital, proceeds) 创收外汇 earn foreign exchange (currency) 刺激国内经济需求 spur domestic demand 刺激国内需求 stimulate domestic demand

从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 从国外引进先进技术和管理 introduce from abroad the advanced technology and 经验 management expertise 促进地区间的合作 promote regional cooperation 促进改革 promote reform 促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy 打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering 打假 take strong measures against fake and shoddy products (crack down on counterfeit goods) 打破垄断 break the monopoly 对…提出控告 (投诉) lodge complaints against… 对…造成 (构成)威胁 form (pose) a threat to… 夺回失去的市场 take back lost market 发挥自身优势 give full play to one’s advantages 防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks 改善投资环境 improve the environment for investment 赶超先进 surpass the advanced 给…带来积极影响 bring a more positive impact on… 根据市场作出调整 gear ourselves to the market orientation 公证财产 notarize the properties 和…达成 (签订)协议 reach (sign) an agreement with 和…进一步合作 further cooperation with 和…有合作关系 have cooperative ties with 活跃市场 enliven the market 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development 计算出准确的工资水平 figure out an exact salary level 加快经济发展和结构调整 speed up economic development and restructuring 加快竞争步伐 accelerate the competition 加快努力 speed up efforts 加强风险防范 prepare oneself against possible risks 加强管理 reinforce the management 减缓通货紧缩的压力 ease the seriousness of deflation 减轻…的负担 reduce (lighten) the burden of (on) 减员增效 downsize for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency 剪彩 cut the ribbon 解除劳动关系 sever labor relation 解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces (free the productivity) 精简机构 streamline government organs 竟争上岗 compete for the post 举报非法行为 disclose any illegal activities 开辟更多渠道 open more channels 开发 (青睐)中国市场 tap (favor) the Chinese market 开拓市场 exploit markets 控制通货膨胀 control inflation (keep inflation under control) 扩大贫富差距 widen the gap between the rich and the poor 扩大消费市场 expand consumption market 留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary 面对可能的压力和竞争 face possible pressure and competition 牟取暴利 seek excessive profits 平衡经济 (的发展) balance economy 取缔非法收入 ban unlawful incomes (illegal earnings) 让…处于同一起跑线 put… on the same platform and at the same starting point 让位于竞争需要 give way to the need for competition 申请专利 apply for a patent 实现目标 realize the goal 适应…的发展 adapt oneself to the development of 损失惨重 suffer great losses 缩小不平衡状态 decrease the imbalance 缩小…间的距离 narrow the gap between 提高公务员工资 raise the salaries of civil servants 提高管理水平 raise the management level 提高居民生活 improve residents’ standard of living 调整产业结构 adjust the industrial structure 推广科研成果 turn laboratory achievements into commercial (mass) production (commercialize laboratory achievements) 退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money 脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 完善服务 perfect services 为…带来多种经济和社会效益 bring multiple economic and social benefits to… 为…提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities 吸收游资 absorb idle fund 吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment 下海 plunge into the commercial sea 陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble 向…投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into 消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products 以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality 优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior 优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation 三、文化生活类

把…列为世界自然文化遗产 list …as a world natural heritage site 摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances) 保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)

博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries 不注重历史 neglect history

采取保护态度 take protective attitude

承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations

承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past and usher in the future

充分发挥知识分子的积极性和创造性 give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals

触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law

创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city

辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new) 从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce

促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physically and mentally

促进交流 promote the communication

促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products 促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding 得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support 抵住…的诱惑 resist the temptation of 对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to

对…情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to

发挥…的聪明才智 develop one’s own talents and wisdom

发挥潜力 tap one’s potential

繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art 反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China

放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off one’s high horse, throw off one’s airs) 腐蚀人的灵魂 poison one’s mind

改进教学 improve teaching and learning 给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students

和…持相同观点 share views similar to 互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars

激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling

继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions

加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments 讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating 交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)

教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm

精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care

净化因特网 purify the Net

举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition) 举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting 开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy 开发潜力 exploit one’s potential 开阔视野 widen one’s vision (horizon) 开设课程 offer courses

开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries 开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture 攀登事业的高峰 climb one’s career ladder

评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements) 破除迷信 eradicate superstition

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