独立分词结构

独立分词结构（带主语的分词结构）

独立分词结构是中国学生学习英语的难点。在讲解时，通过句型转换，学生容易接受。通过句型转换，把两个独立的句子或者一个复合句变成一个带独立分词结构的简单句, 在语言使用过程中，特别是书面语中，其目的就是删繁就简，是句子的层次多样化。

例如：

1. If weather permits, we’ll go for an outing this coming weekend. Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing this coming weekend. 如果天气允许，周末我们去郊游。

2. So many people were absent. We had to put the meeting off. So many people being absent, we had to put the meeting off. 由于这么多人缺席，我们不得不把会议推迟。

3. When John had run a red light, the police arrested him. John having run a red light, the police arrested him. 约翰由于闯红灯比警察逮捕了。

4. He rushed into the room and his face was covered with sweat. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进房间。

独立分词短语中分词的形式可以是现在分词也可以使过去分词，主要看分词和他的逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，因为分词既然是一个动词，如果逻辑主语是这个分词的动作发出者，分词用现在分词形式，如果是动作承受者，分次用过去形式。

Exercises: Join the following pairs of sentences. Change the one in italics into a participle phrase and omit any words that might then be unnecessary:

Example:

He put on his shirt, but the wrong side was out. He put on his shirt, wrong side (being) out.

他套上衬衫，把它穿反了。

带主语的分词短语

在书面语中，如果分词短语的主语不同于句子的主语，可以在分词短语前另加一个主语。 使用这一结构时分词的主语与主要动词的主语通常有密切的联系，分词常为being或 having这类结构有时可置于句末表示伴随情况或具有解释性的作用有一类结构，无须用being，可在名词前或代词后直接加形容词、某些副词（如away，on，over，up等）或介词短语。

EXERCISE：

1. A little girl walked past. Her doll dragged behind her on the pavement,

2. There were 22 players in the team. The youngest was hardly more than 17years of age. 3. He remained in the hospital for two weeks. His company paid all his expenses. 4. Nobody had any more to say. The meeting was closed.

5. The train consists of 9 carriages. Each seats well over a hundred passengers.

6. Jones is dead. The whole affair must now be laid before Colonel Browne.

7. Her eyes were glistening with tears. She stood up and asked the Council: \

8. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures. Some have a life expectancy of around twenty years.

9. Now spring has come. We may perhaps look forward to better weather.

10. He had to put off buying a house. The bank was unable to lend him any money at that time. 11. I found I had wasted my time going to the sale, The best bargains had already been snapped up earlier in the day.

12. We decided not to visit Oxford. It was then the time of the summer vacation, and there were

few students in residence.

带with 的分词短语

带主语的分词短语前有时可加介词with/这种结构多用于伴随情况，with本身没有意义 （a，b）。

有时这一结构也用来表示原因（c）。

如果是指未来的动作，名词或代词后可接不定式（d）。 它也可与形容词、某些副词或介词短语连用（e）。

a) All afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他闭门工作。 b) The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. 天气晴朗，和风习习。 c) With her mother being sick, she had to do all the housework. 由于母亲病了，所有的家务都得她来做。

d) I can't go out with all these dishes to wash. 有这许多碟子要洗，我出不去了。 e) They waited with the light on for half an hour. 他们开着灯等了半小时。 f) Just show the clerk a piece of paper with my name written on it. 让那职员看一看写着我名字的纸条就可以了.

EXERCISE

Join the following pairs of sentences. Change the one in italics into a with-structure and omit any words that might then be unnecessary.

Examples:

All afternoon he worked. The door was locked.

All afternoon he worked with the door locked. John is away, We've got more room. With John away, we’ve got more room.

1. Anderson was lying on the bed. All his clothes were on.

2. It was a hot, calm day. Every object on the sea's surface was visible for miles. 3. There was also a gun and a thin piece of rope. The end of the rope was tied in a circle.

4. Exams are approaching. It's a good idea to review your class notes.

5. The woodcutter was standing next to a fallen tree. Lots of small pieces of wood were in front of him.

6. The price of gold was going up. South Africa's economy was looking good.

7. We arrived at Liverpool. There was five minutes to go before the last train left. 8. She ran and ran. Beads of sweat were running down her face.

9. He walked along the river for half an hour. His dog came after him.

10. I'd like to go with you. But I have so much work to do this afternoon, so I'm unable to. 11. There were birds too. Their eyes were carved out of the rock and painted white.

12. Peter works in Birmingham, and Lucy travels most of the week. The house seems pretty

empty.

练习答案：

1. 带主语的分词短语部分：

1. A little girl walked past, her doll dragging behind her on the pavement.

2. There were 22 players in the team, the youngest being hardly more than 17 years of age. 3. He remained in the hospital for two weeks, his company paying all his expenses. 4. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.

5. The train consists of 9 carriages, each seating well over a hundred passengers. 6. Jones being dead, the whole affair must now be laid before Colonel Browne.

7. Her eyes glistening with tears, she stood up and asked the Council: \8. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some having a life expectancy of around twenty years.

9. Spring having now come, we may perhaps look forward to better weather.

10. He had to put off buying a house, the bank being unable to lend him any money at that time. 11. I found I had wasted my time going to the sale, the best bargains having already been snapped

up earlier in the day. 12. We decided not to visit Oxford, it being then the time of the summer vacation, and there being

few students in residence.

2.带with 的分词短语：

1. Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.

2. It was a hot, calm day, with every_ object on the sea's surface visible for miles. 3. There was also a gun and a thin piece of rope with the end tied in a circle.

4. With exams approaching, it's a good idea to review your class notes.

5. The woodcutter was standing next to a fallen tree, with lots of small pieces of wood in front of him.

6. With the price of gold going up, South Africa's economy was looking good. 7. We arrived at Liverpool with five minutes to go before the last train left. 8. She ran and ran with heads of sweat running down her face.

9. He walked along the river for half an hour, with his dog coming after him. 10. I'd like to go with you, but with so much work to do this afternoon, I'm unable to. 11. There were birds too, with the eyes carved out of the rock and painted white.

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