国际经济学第九版英文课后答案第7单元

CHAPTER 7

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

OUTLINE

7.1 In troduct ion

7.2 Growth of Factors of Product ion

7.2a Labor Growth and Capital Accumulati on Over Time

7.2b The Rybcz yn ski Theorem

7.3 Tech ni cal Progress

7.3a Neutral, Labor-Sav ing, and Capital-Savi ng Tech ni cal Progress

7.3b Technical Progress and the Nation's Production Frontier

Case Study 7-1: Chan ges in Relative Resource En dowme nts of Various Coun tries and Regi ons Case Study 7-2: Change in Capital-Labor Rati ons in Selected Coun tries

7.4 Growth and Trade: The Small Co un try Case

7.4a The Effects of Growth on Trade

7.4b Illustrati on of Factor Growth, Trade, and Welfare

7.4c Tech ni cal Progress, Trade, and Welfare

Case Study 7-3: Growth of Output per Worker from Capital Deepe ning, Tech no logical

Chan ge, and Improveme nts in Efficie ncy

7.5 Growth and Trade: The Large-Co untry Case

7.5a Growth and the Nati on's Terms of Trade and Welfare

7.5b Immiserizi ng Growth

7.5c Illustration of Beneficial Growth and Trade

Case Study 7-4: Growth, Trade, and the Gia nts of the Future

7.6 Growth, Change in Tastes, and Trade in Both Nati ons

7.6a Growth and Trade in Both Nations

7.6b Change in Tastes and Trade in Both Nations

Case Study 7-5: Change in the Revealed Comparative Advantage of Various Countries or Regi ons

Case Study 7-6: Growth, Trade, and Welfare in the Leadi ng In dustrial Nati ons

Appe ndix: A7.1 Formal Proof of Rybcz yn ski Theorem

A7.2 Growth with Factor Immobility

A7.3 Graphical An alysis of Hicksia n Tech ni cal Progress

Key Terms

Comparative statics An titrade product ion and con sumpti on

Dyn amic an alysis Neutral product ion and con sumpti on

Bala need growth Normal goods

Rybcz yn ski theorem In ferior goods

Labor-sav ing tech ni cal progress Terms-of-trade effect

Capital-sav ing tech ni cal progress Wealth effect

Protrade producti on and con sumpti on Immiseriz ing growth

Lecture Guide

1. This is not a core chapter and it is one of the most challenging chapters in international trade

theory. It is in cluded for more adva need stude nts and for complete ness.

2. If I were to cover this chapter, I would prese nt two sect ions in each of three lectures. Time

permitting, I would, otherwise cover Sections 1 and 2, paying special attention to the Rybcz yn ski theorem.

An swer to Problems

1. a) See Figure 1.

b) See Figure 2

c) See Figure 3.

2. See Figure 4.

3. a) See Figure 5.

b) See Figure 6.

c) See Figure 7.

4. Compare Figure 5 to Figure 1.

Compare Figure 6 to Figure 3. Note that the two product ion fron tiers have the same vertical or Y intercept in Figure 6 but a different vertical or Y intercept in Figure 3.

Compare Figure 7 to Figure 2. Note that the two product ion fron tiers have the same horiz on tal or X in tercept in Figure 7 but a differe nt horiz on tal or X in tercept in Figure 2.

5. See Figure 8 on page 6

6.

6. See Figure 9.

7. See Figure 10.

8. See Figure 11.

9. See Figure 12.

10. See Figure 13 on page 67.

11. See Figure 14.

12. See Figure 15.

13.

The United States has become the most competitive economy in the world since the early 1990' s while the data in Table 7.3 refers to the 19-169590 period.

Y

Agur?2 Figun3

Ague 4

Ague S

85 K

Agur?9 FigurtS

AgurelO

Yk

60--

W

6C

Ajurt15

14. The data in Table 7.4 seem to indicate that China had a comparative advantage in

capital-inten sive commodities and a comparative disadva ntage in un skilled-labor intensive commodities in 1973. This was very likely due to the many trade

restrictions and subsidies, which distorted the comparative advantageof China.

Its true comparative adva ntage became evide nt by 1993 after China had started to liberalize its economy.

App. 1a. See Figure 16.

lb. For producti on and con sumpti on to actually occur at the new

equilibrium point after the doubling of K in Nation 2, we must assume

either than commodity X is inferior or that Nation 2 is too small to

affect the relative commodity prices at which it trades.

lc. Px/Py must rise (i.e., Py/Px must fall) as a result of growth only.

Px/Py will fall even more with trade.

1. If the supply of capital in creases in Nati on 1 in the product ion of commodity Y

only, the VMPLy curve shifts up, and w rises in both industries. Some labor shifts

to the product ion of Y, the output of Y rises and the output of X falls, r falls, and

Px/Py is likely to rise.

2. Capital inv estme nts tend to in crease real wages because they raise the K/L

ratio and the productivity of labor. Tech ni cal progress tends to in crease K/L and

real wages if it is L-saving and to reduce K/L and real wages if it is K-saving. Multiple-Choice Questi ons

1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:

a. factor en dowme nts

b. tech no logy

c. tastes

*d. all of the above

2. Doubli ng the amount of L and K un der con sta nt retur ns to scale:

a. doubles the output of the L-i nten sive commodity

b. doubles the output of the K-i nten sive commodity

c. leaves the shape of the producti on fron tier un cha nged

*d. all of the above.

3. Doubli ng only the amount of L available un der con sta nt retur ns to scale:

a. less tha n doubles the output of the L-i nten sive commodity

*b. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity

c. doubles the output of the K-i nten sive commodity

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