初中英语易混淆的词语辨析
更新时间:2024-01-09 21:56:01 阅读量: 教育文库 文档下载
第一组spend/ take /cost
①spend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。” 例句:
1)The boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games. (那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)
2)She spent lots of money on books last year. (去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)
②take前常以it作形式主语,作“做某事需要花多少时间。” It takes +(人)+时间+ to do sth.
1)How long does it take you to finish the work? (你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?) 2)It took me an hour to repair my bike. (我花了一个小时修理自行车。)
3)It takes a lot of courage to tell the truth. (说真话需要很大的勇气。)
③cost的主语通常是事物,即指 ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱 1)The watch cost me two hundred yuan. (这块手表花了我200块钱。)
2)Writing a novel cost plenty of time. (写本小说要花很多时间。)
3)The girl's bad behavior cost her parents many sleepless nights. (那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。) 注意:cost的过去式,过去分词都是cost。 第二组:
speak/say/tell/talk
①speak说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词。 1)The students speak English very fluently. (这些学生英语说得非常流利。)
2)The Prime Minister spoke on the international situation. (首相就国际形势发表了演说。) 3)She always speaks ill of others. (她总是说别人的坏话。) ②speak的习惯用语: Generally speaking 一般而言 Frankly speaking 坦白地说 Strictly speaking 严格地说 not to speak of 且不说;更不用说
1)Generally speaking, man is stronger than woman. (一般而言,男人比女人强壮。)
2)We can speak English, not to speak of Chinese. (我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。)
④say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句,(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”,习惯用法 1)She said ,“I love you.” (她说:“我爱你。”) 2)Say goodbye to them. (跟他们说再见。) 3)She says she is busy. (她说她很忙。)
4)My watch says 10:00 sharp. (我的表是十点整。)
5)The paper says that there was a big fire in Shanghai. (报上说上海发生了一场大火)。
6)It is said that she has been away for a month. (据说她已走了一个月了)
7)It goes without saying that education is important. (不用说,教育是重要的。)
8)Tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school. (Tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。) ③ ①tell说谎;讲故事;说实话 1)Don't tell a lie. (不要说谎。)
2)She likes to tell stories. (她喜欢讲故事。)
3)We should always tell the truth. (我们应该永远说实话。)
③ ②tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句 1)Sometimes we can't tell right from wrong. (有时我们无法辨别是非。) (他告诉我他要去那儿。) ④talk连续地说话;习惯用法
1)What are the girls talking about ? (那些女孩们讲什么?)
2)Young people like to talk politics. (年青人喜欢谈论政治。)
3)I talked over the matter with her. (我与她谈论了那个问题。) 第三组:
take /bring/carry/fetch
①take作“带去”“拿去”解;从近处把东西送到远处 例句:
1)She'll take her children to the park. (她要带孩子去公园。)
2)It's raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you. (下雨了;你最好把雨伞带上。)
②bring“拿来;带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外 1)Bring the dictionary to me. (把字典拿给我。)
2)Please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow. (明天你来的时候,请把你的报告带来。) ③carry作“携带,带去;搬运”解 1)She always carries a red handbag. (她总是带一个红色手包。)
2)Please carry this TV set upstairs. (请把这台电视搬到楼上去。)
④fetch作“去…取来,拿来;叫某人来”解 1)The football is over there. Fetch it please. (足球在那边呢,请把它拿回来。)
2)Fetch the police at once. We've found the robber. (马上去叫警察来,我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。) 第四组:
wear/put on/ dress
①wear穿着,戴;留,表示“状态”是及物动词需加宾语 例句:
1)She always wears a pair of glasses. (她总是戴着一副眼镜。) 2)He wears a black jacket today. (今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。) ②put on穿上,戴上,表示“动作” 例句:
1)The teacher put on his hat and went out of the office. (老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。)
2)Put on the gloves .It's cold outside. (戴上手套外面很凉。)
③dress作“穿着…的衣服”解;给某人穿衣服不用写衣服 例句:
1)She is dressed in red. (她穿着红衣服。)
2)The mother dresses the child every day. (那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。)此句不能加衣服。 3)She dresses herself in red. (此句等于第一个例句。) 第五组: do /make
①do“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”,如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词,如do wrong(犯错)。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有: ①do one's ②do (the) some ③do sb. a favor帮人忙 ④do with利用;忍受;需要 ⑤do away with废除 ⑥do without用不着;不需要 ⑦have ⑧do sb.
⑨do nothing but do除了做…以外什么也没做 ⑩do business做生意 例句:
1)I'll do the dishes today. (今天我来洗盘子。) 2)I've done my homework. (我已经做完了作业。) 3)Crying does harm to you. (哭对你没有益处。) 4)Will you do me a favor? (能否帮我一个忙?)
5)We cannot do without a telephone in our business. (我们做生意没有电话是不行的。)
6)The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class. (新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。)
7)I did nothing but watch TV last night. (昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。) 8)Who does your hair? (平常是谁给你做头发的?)
②make“作”,表示“制造”,其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes 制做衣服;make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有: ①make a ②make an ③make ④make 例句:
1) They have make great progress in learning English. (在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。) 2)Who is going to make a speech today? (今天谁来演说?) 3)Don't make a noise. 嘘!(不要出声。)
4)She makes her living as a teacher. (她作教师来维持生计。)
“看” look和see的区别
Hello, boys and girls. 今天向你们介绍两位新朋友look和see,这两个单词都有\看\之意,但表示的意义和用法却不同.
look强调\看\的动作,提醒别人注意\看\不强调\是否看到\。如: Look! Miss Wu is coming. 看!吴老师来了.
look年纪大,视力不好,看不到面前的人或事物,必须给他配上一副眼镜\才能看到面前的人或事物。如: Look at the boy. 看这个男孩. Look at this map. 看这张地图.
see 强调\看\的结果,意思是\看见(到)\年纪小,视力好,能看到面前的人或事物。如:
I can see him. 我能看到他.
-Can you see the bird? 你能看见那只鸟吗?
-Yes, I can. 是的,我能看见.
小朋友们,你们现在了解look和see了吧!请做下面的练习检验一下好吗? 用Look, look at 和see完成句子. 1. ________!This is my new pencil-box. 2. Please ________ the picture. 3. I can ________ a car.
4. Where are you? I can't ________ you. 5. Boys and girls,________ the blackboard.
Key: 1. Look 2. look at 3. see 4. see 5. look at
already 和 yet
already和yet都可作“已经”讲 already一般用在完成时态的肯定句中。
Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到尺子了吗? I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。 We have already read the book. 我们已看过这本书。
already若用在疑问句中,常表示吃惊意外的语气。此时already常放在句末。 如:Have you had your lunch already?)
Have you finished already? (我以为你没有做完,表示出乎意料。) Well, have you forgotten already? Two weeks ago, it had a baby. yet一般用在完成时态的否定句和疑问句中。
Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到尺子了吗?
still和yet
still和yet都有“还”、“仍然”之意.
still表示“某事尚在进行中”,常用于肯定句中,也可用在疑问句或否定句中,在否定句中须放在否定词not之前。
yet表示“某事尚未发生或完成”,多用于否定句或带否定词的陈述句中。如:
?/P>
They were still neck and neck.他们还是齐头并进。
?/P>
Does he still work in the factory?他还在那个工厂工作吗?
?/P>
They still haven't got more money.他们直到现在还是没有得到更多的钱。
?/P>
He has not yet begun to work.他尚未开始工作。
?/P>
—Have you had your lunch?你吃过中饭了吗?
?/P>
—No,not yet.还没有。
She hasn't learned any English songs yet. 她末学唱过任何英文歌。
a 与one 的“较量”
Hello, boys and girls! a 与one 的“较量”非常激烈,我们去瞧瞧。
a和 one 都有“一”的意思。但a着重指类别,表示同类事物中的一个。one着重指数量。强调类别时,要用a不用one,强调数量时,要用one不用a。如: My sister is a teacher. 我的姐姐是一个老师。(此句不能用one) He has only one pencil. 他只有一只铅笔。(此句不能用a) 除此之外,a 与 one还有以下不同,希望小朋友们特别注意啊! 1. 表示“每一”含义时,用a不用one。如:
There are seven days in a week. 每一周有七天。 2. 表示编号时,用one不用a。如:
Grade One一年级, Class One 一班, Row One第一排。
怎么样?students,看了a 与one 的“较量”,你们觉得谁的“本事”大?千万不要忘了学“两招”啊!
最后---花费---地上,泥土(2007-08-02 21:33:18) 标签:知识/探索
分类:英语知识搜集库
at last, finally, in the end
这三个词都有\最后\的意思,而且常常可以互换使用。
at last意思是\最后\,往往表示\经过一番努力或曲折的过程之后\的意思,也有\某人一直期待的事情终于发生了\之意。常常有较浓厚的感情色彩。如:
At last, the owner of the house said they could stay in the barn. 最终房子的主人同意让他们在谷仓留宿。
finally是副词,一般指一系列事物或论点的顺序,没有较强的感情色彩。如: Finally she went to see the famous man and told him everything. 最后她去拜访了那位知名人士并把一切告诉了他。
in the end主要用于口语中,其意同finally,表示\在(经过)一段时间的思考之后\的决定,如:
In the end we decided not to buy it. 最后我们打算不买它了。 real, true
real既是形容词又是副词,其意为\真的,真实的\,在作副词时与true在意义上的主要区别是:real指人的感官觉得某物像\真的\,多指真实存在的,而不是想象出来的。如: Was it real or was it a dream? 这是真的还是个梦?
true既是形容词也是副词,意思是\真实的,真正的\,其意义与real的区别是:true的\真实\是建立在已知的事实基础上,指与实际相符,不是\发明\或\编造\出来的。如:
This is a true story. 这是一个真实的故事。 Is the news true? 这消息是真的吗?
a movie based on a true story 一个以真实故事为背景的影片
true与real在某些情况下也可以通用,如在表示一件事情的实际情况与真实情况不符时,true与real都可以用。如:
Tell me the real/true reason why he resigned. 告诉我他辞职的真实原因。 He seems quiet but reveals his true/real character on the football field. 他看起来很安静但是在足球场上却展现了他真实的一面。
另外,在说到某事物时举例说他/它有其应有的\重要\性质时,二者均可使用。如: She was his first real/true girlfriend. 她是他的第一个真正的女朋友。 This job will be a true/real test of the new system. 这项工作将会是对这个新系统的一次真实的检验。
spend;cost;take;pay;pay for
解释一
spend, cost, take, pay和pay for都可以翻译成\花费\的意思,但各自的含义不同。 ①spend的主语必须是\人\,宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等,其后用on+名词或用(in)+动名词形式,不接不定式。如:
He spends too much money on books.他平时将很多钱用在买书上。
He spent a lot of money (in) buying a new car.他花了很多钱买了一辆新车。 Every morning he spends half an hour on English.每天早晨他用半小时读英语。(句中on English可与(in) reading English替换)
②cost的主语必须是\物\或\事\,表示\费用\、\耗费\,后接life, money, health, time等,侧重于\花费\的代价。如:
That one mistake almost cost him his life.那个错误几乎让他丧命。 The book cost him one dollar.这本书花了他一美元。
It costs you twelve pounds to go to London by ship.乘船到伦敦要12英磅。 Making experiments like this costs much time and labour.做这样的实验要花很多钱。
③take表示\花费\时,其主语一般是\一件事\,有时主语也可以是人,它说明事情的完成\花费了……\。如:
It took me ten minutes to go to the post office.我到邮局用了十分钟。 It takes a lot of money to buy a house as big as that.买一座像那样的房子要花很多钱。
The journey took me three hours.这次旅行用了我三个小时。
Painting the picture took me all week.画这幅画用了我整整一周的时间。 说明:take... to do sth.句型侧重完成该动作花费的时间,而spend...doing sth.有时并不说明动作是否完成。如:
It took him an hour to read the book.他用一小时读完了这本书。
He spent an hour (in) reading the book.他用了一小时读这本书。(是否读完并未说明)
④pay的基本意思是\支付\,作为及物动词,宾语可以是\人\和\钱\。如:
He paid the taxi and hurried to the station.他付了出租车的钱,急忙向车站赶去。 They had to pay two hundred francs.他们得付二百法朗。 We'll pay you in a few days.几天后我们会给你钱。 ⑤pay for的宾语为\物\和\事\,for表示支付的原因。如:
You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals.你每周得付给我十美元饭钱。
解释二:
take是动词,作\花费\讲,常指\花费时间\,通常用于下列句型:
\意为\某人花费多少时间做某事\,常用it作形式主语。如:
It takes me an hour to walk there. 我步行到那儿需要一小时。
spend为动词,意思是\花费\,多指\花费时间或金钱\。常用句型为\,指\在某方面花费时间或金钱\。如:
I'll spend twenty yuan on an English book. 我将花20元钱买一本英语书。 在某方面花费时间和精力也可用句型:spend...in doing..., in可以省略。如: I spent an hour (in) doing my homework.我花了一小时做作业。
pay为动词,意思是\给……报酬\、\付款\,pay for (sth)意思是\付钱,支付\。如: I paid 100 yuan for the bike.我花了一百元买了这辆自行车。 pay还有\赔偿\的意思。 如:
I'm afraid I'll have to pay for the lost books. 恐怕我得要赔偿丢失的书。 cost是动词,意思是\花费\,意义较为广泛,可指\花费时间、金钱、劳力、精力\等。如:
1) The work cost us much labour. 这项工作消耗我们很多劳力。 2) The book cost me five yuan. 这本书花去我5元钱。
earth, land, ground, field
earth为名词,意思是\地上\对应着sky)、\泥土\。前面用the,即the earth 指地球。如:
They felt the earth shaking beneath their feet. 他们感到脚下的地面在颤动。 当其为不可数名词时意为\泥土\。
We'll fill the hole with earth. 我们将用泥土填上这个洞。
land为名词,意思是\陆地,土地\。表示\土地\的意思时,指可以耕种的田地或可以建筑的土地等,与field相同。表示\陆地\的意思时,与\水泽\和\海洋\相对。在诗歌中,land也可指\国家\或\地区\。如:
They are working in the land (field). 他们正在田地里干活。 Which is the biggest animal on land? 哪个是陆地上最大的动物? Are you going by land or by sea? 你走陆路还是海路?
The news quickly spread throughout the land. 消息很快传遍了全国。 ground为名词,意思是\地面、土地\,指陆地的表面用the ground 。如:
My wallet dropped on the ground when I was walking in the park. 我在公园散步时,钱包掉在了地上。
field为名词,意为\田地、田野\,指可供种植、耕种农作物的田地。如:
The children are working in a wheat field. 孩子们正在麦田里干活。
a / an That's right. / That's all right. / All right. it's, its(2007-07-30 15:00:39)
I. a / an
II. That's right. / That's all right. / All right.
III. it's, its
【训练馆】
I. 用a或an填空。
1. It's______apple, not______cake. 2. This is______pear. That's______orange.
3. Miss Gao is______English teacher. Mr Wang is______Chinese teacher. 4. This is______bike. It's______old bike.
II. 用That's right., That's all right.或All right.填空。 1. —Excuse me. Are you Li Ping? —No, I'm Li Lin. —Sorry. —______
2. —What number is Zhang Hong? —I think he's Number 5. —Yes. ______ 3. —Thanks a lot. —______
4. —Let's go to school. —______ Let's go. III. 用it's和its填空。 1. —What's this in English? —______a cup.
2. ______a dog. ______name is Bobo. 3. —Where's my pen?
—______here. 参考答案:
I. 1. an, a 2. a, an 3. an, a 4. a, an II. 1. That's all right. 2. That's right. 3. That's all right. 4. All right.
III. 1. It's 2. It's, Its 3. It's
8. 特殊词精讲 8.1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing 停止做某事。
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来,抽了根烟。 I must stop smoking.. 我必须戒烟了。 典型例题
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择\停下来去做另一件事\。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stop doing sth.不正确。
8.2 forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作) Don‘t forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.
而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。 8.3 remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don‘t you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 8.4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做) regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。
I don‘t regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。 典型例题
---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
答案:D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。 8.5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 长时间,甚至永远停做某事。 cease doing 短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。
That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个部门已不复存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天。 8.6 try doing/to do
try to do 努力,企图做某事。 try doing 试验,试着做某事。
You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn‘t succeed.我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。 8.7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。 go on doing 继续做原来做的事。
After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后,他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习
8.8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为\怕\;
be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的,意为\生怕,恐怕\。
She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。 8.9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do 对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事。 interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法。
I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解) I‘m interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法) 8.10 mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 8.11 begin(start) doing/to do begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth.
1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing.
How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴? 2) begin, start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。 我开始生起气来。
3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth。 我开始明白真相。 4) 物作主语时 It began to melt. 8.12 感官动词 + doing/to do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调\我看见了\这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调\我见他正干活\这个动作)
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 典型例题
1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。
2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型
形相近,意相远
1. a / an
a用在辅音(音素)前(注意:不是辅音字母);an则用在元音(音素)前(注意:不是元音字母)。例如:This is a pen.这是一支钢笔。That is an apple.那是一个苹果。
2. Mr / Mrs / Miss
在英语口语中,\+姓\用来称呼老师是不符合英语习惯的。在英语里,要称呼某老师时,一般用\/Mrs/Miss +姓\来表示。Mr常用于男性教师,Mrs用来称呼已婚女性,Miss用来称呼未婚女性,以示尊重、礼貌。单独喊一声\老师\时,通常用Sir或Madam,而不应该喊teacher。 3. Sorry. / Excuse me.
Sorry.与Excuse me.都有\对不起\的意思。sorry侧重于事后对所犯的过错或不能满足对方的要求而向对方表示歉意的场合。Excuse me.为客套用语,常常在\向人问路\、\向对方询问情况\、\插话\、\请求\等场合使用。 4. this / that / it
①this意思为\这;这个\,指较近的人或物;that意思为\那;那个\,指较远的人或物。②this, that可与is连用,用来表明或介绍一个人或物。其中that is可以缩写为that's,但this is没有缩写形式。例如:This is my friend, Tom.这是我的朋友汤姆。That's an English jeep.那是一辆英国吉普车。③打电话时,this表示自己,that表示对方。例如:Hello, this
is Tom. Is that Jim?喂,我是汤姆。你是吉姆吗?④表示\那天\可用that day,表示\今天\不能用this day,而应该用today。⑤回答this,that的问句时,一般要用it来代替this或that,同时代词it应根据问句译为\这\或\那\。例如:-What's that? -It's a bike. 5. That's right. / Tha's all right.
That's right中的right意思是\对的\,\正确的\,如果对方说的话或讲的道理,你认为是对的,则用此语。That's all right.主要用于表示对别人的感谢,意为\不用谢\,\不客气\。另外,That's all right.也可以用于对别人的道歉或感谢所作出的礼貌回答。如:-I'm sorry. I broke the cup. -That's all right. 6. have / there be
have和there be都可以表示\有\,其中have表示\所有,拥有\;there be则表示\存在\。there be句型中的动词be应该根据后面的主语确定,若主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词则用is,若主语是复数名词则用are。另外,若含有两个或两个以上的并列主语时,则应该根据最靠近be的主语确定选用is或are。 7. some / any
some和any都有\一些\的意思,都可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词,但用法有别:①some一般用于肯定句中;any则用于否定句和疑问句中。②若是带有some的肯定句变为否定句或疑问句时,则需将some改为any。③some也可以用于表示请求、建议或希望对方肯定回答的疑问句中。例如:Would you like some bananas?你愿意吃些香蕉吗? 8. in the wall / on the wall
in the wall和on the wall都表示\在墙上\的意思,但in the wall指的是在墙的里面;on the wall指的是在墙的面上。例如:There is a hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。There is a picture on the wall.墙上有幅图画。 9. look the same / look like
look the same是个固定短语,意思是\看起来很像\,主语既可以指人,也可以指物,但必须是复数形式,后面不再接宾语。例如:The twins look the same.这对双胞胎看起来很像。look like则是由\不及物动词look +介词
like\构成的动词短语,意思是\看上去像……\后面必须接一个宾语。例如:Her hat looks like a cat.她的帽子看上去象一只猫。
另类“some”和“any”
我们知道,通常情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句。否定句。但在下列情况下,some和any的用法不是这样。 1. some用于疑问句或否定中:
1)在否定疑问句中,表示问话人的肯定倾向和对否定的惊讶和怀疑。如: Don't you have some new books? You have some new books, don't you?
你难道连几本新书都没有吗。(在问话人心目中,\是有新书的,如今听说没有,因而表示惊讶和怀疑)
2)一般疑问句中,表示问话人盼望得到肯定的答复。如: -Can I have some apples? -Certainly! 3)表示建议。如:
What about some fruit juice。喝点儿果汁怎么样。 2. any用于肯定句中:
1)表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中的一个。如:
You may take any one of these books.你可以随便拿一本书。
He studies harder than any of his classmates. (=He studies harder than any other students in his class.)他比班上任何一个学生都努力。 2)作\任何,无论谁\解。如:
Any of them will do.他们中间的谁都行。
Any of them can tell you.他们无论谁都能告诉你。 看图填词二则:
I.根据下列各小题的图示,用方框中所给的词语填空: is, are, any, some
1. A: ________ there ________fish?
B: Yes, there is ________ fish. But there are two big cats near the fish. 2.A: Are there ________ carrots。 B: Yes, there are________ carrots.
A: Oh dear! I don't want ________ carrots now. Keys:1. Is; any; some; 2.any; soe; any
纠错重案组
1. --你是韩梅吗?--是的,我是。 [误]-Are you Han Mei? -Yes, I'm. [正]-Are you Han Mei? -Yes, I am.
[析]am在句中可和主语I缩写在一起,但对一般疑问句作肯定的简略回答时不能用缩写形式I'm;在否定回答中,可以说\。 2.吉姆,他是李雷。 [误]Jim, he is Li Lei. [正]Jim, this is Li Lei.
[析]在英语中,当向对方介绍第三者时,无论被介绍者是男性还是女性,习惯上都用\姓名\这一句型。 3.我在一年级二班。
[误]I'm in Grade 1, Class 2. [正]I'm in Class 2, Grade 1.
[析]汉语和英语的表达方式有时差别很大。汉语说\一年级二班\,年级在前,班级在后;而英语表示为\,Class在前,Grade在后,顺序不一样。 4.三加四等于七。
[误]Three plus four are seven. [正]Three plus four is seven.
[析]这里容易使我们产生误解的是\三和四都大于一,是复数\。但在英语中,数学算式被看作一个整体,是单数,be动词用is。 5. --这是什么?--是本书? [误]-What's this? -It's book. [正]-What's this? -It's a book.
[析]在英语里,介绍或叙述一样东西时,千万不能忘记使用冠词a/an,如句型\is a...\,\,a/an在此并不表示数量,而是表示类别,即某物或某人属于哪个类别,是其中的一个。再如:A horse is an animal, too.马也是一种动物。 6.我,吉姆和你都是13岁。 [误]I, Jim and you are thirteen. [误]Jim, you and I are thirteen. [正]You, Jim and I are thirteen.
[析]英语中,若是三个人称并列使用时,一般是第二人称在前,然后是第三人称,最后是第一人称。但在承认错误或承担责任时,则要将第一人称放在最前面。如:I and she are wrong.我和她错了。
7.今天谁值日? [误]Who on duty today? [正]Who is on duty today?
[析]on duty是介词短语,在英语中,介词短语不能单独作谓语,它往往要和be动词连用,一起充当句子的谓语。 8.去问问那边的警察。
[误]Go ask the policeman over there. [正]Go and ask the policeman over there.
[析]go, come等动词后面再与另外一个动词连用表示并列关系时,中间要用连词and连接。
9.这是凯特和莉莉的房间。
[误]This is Kate's and Lily's room. [正]This is Kate and Lily's room.
[析]英语中,表示\各自所有的关系\,用\and B's\结构,即两个名词都用所有格;表示\共同的所有关系\,则用\结构,即只需后一个名词用所有格。 10.我能看见一些花。
[误]I can see some the flowers. [误]I can see the some flowers. [正]I can see some flowers.
[析]如果名词前已有some, many(许多)等不定代词、物主代词或名词所有格等修饰时,前面不能再使用冠词a(an)或the。 11.让我帮你找到它。
[误]Let me to help you (to) find it.
[正]Let me help you (to) find it.
[析]\让某人干某事\应用句型let sb. do sth.,不可在do的前面加动词不定式符号\;而\帮助某人干某事\既可用help sb. do sth.,又可用help sb. to do sth.形式。 12.他们工厂有些新来的女工人。
[误]There are some new woman workers in their factory. [正]There are some new women workers in their factory.
[析]在英语中,若名词修饰名词作定语表示性质时,不论被修饰的词语是单数还是复数,作定语的名词都用单数形式,如:an orange tree, two orange trees等;但当man, woman修饰名词作定语表示性别时,则要与被修饰词在数上保持一致。 13.我不认识穿红衣服的那位女孩。 [误]I don't know in the red dress girl. [正]I don't know the girl in the red dress.
[析]in the red dress是介词短语,介词短语修饰名词在句中作定语时,要放在被修饰的名词之后。
14.李雷,请到这儿来。
[误]Li Lei, come to here, please. [正]Li Lei, come here, please.
[析]动词go, come后接地点名词时要用介词to,如go to school, come to my room等。但当其后接here, there, home等地点副词时,要省去介词to。 15.这是我的外套,请穿上吧。
[误]This is my coat. Please put on it. [正]This is my coat. Please put it on.
[析]put on为\动词+副词\短语,其中动词的宾语为名词时,放在副词前面或后面均可;若宾语为代词时,则只能放在动词和副词之间。
16.请把这把尺子给王芳。
[误]Please give the ruler for Wang Fang. [正]Please give the ruler to Wang Fang. [正]Please give Wang Fang the ruler.
[析]\把某物给某人\有两种表示法:⑴give sb. sth.直译为\给某人某物\;⑵give sth. to sb.要注意sb.前的介词要用to,而不用for。
英语“be good...”三剑客
I. be good at 表示\在……方面(学得、做得) 好,擅长于……\at表示在某方面,其后可接名词、代词或V-ing形式。例如: 1. He is good at English.他英语学得好。
2. Tom is good at playing basketball.汤姆擅长打篮球。 【特别提示】 be good at 相当于do well in。如: She is good at English. = She does well in English.
II. be good for 表示\对……有益处(好处),有利于……\ Taking a walk after supper is good for your health. 晚饭后散步对你的健康有益。
【注意】 be good for 的反义词组为be bad for,意为\对……有害\。如: Watching TV much is bad for your eyes. 过多地看电视对你的眼睛有害。
III. be good to 表示\对……和善(仁善)\, 相当于be kind to, 其中to 后接sb。 例如:
Miss Li is very good to her students. 李老师对她的学生很好。 【注意】 to 后接动词原形,则表示\适于……\
Is this water good to drink? 这水适于喝吗?
易混词语比较练习
根据句意选用正确的词语填空。
1. 两“对不起” Sorry Excuse me ① —Are you Mr Brown? —No, I'm not. —________.
② — ________, is this your pencil-box? —Oh, yes, thank you.
2. 两“非常” very very much ① I like English________. ② How are you? I'm ________ well. 3. 两“有” have there be ① He ________ a colour pencil. ② ________some books on the desk. ③ I ________some photos. ④ ________a cat under the tree? 4. 两“多少” how many how much ① ________ boxes are there in the room? ② —________ is the dictionary?
—It's 12 yuan.
5. 四“好” good fine nice well ① ________to meet you .
② How are you today? I'm ________. ③ She is a ________ girl. ④ It's ________ today.
6. 七“看” see__watch__look__look at__look like__look the same__look after ① Please ________ the blackboard.
② I can ________ two bananas in the picture. ③ It's time to ________ TV. ④ She ________ her mother.
⑤ ________, what's that? It's a pear. ⑥ They are twin brothers. They________. ⑦ Please ________these clothes! 7. “its it's”不相同 ① —What's this? —________ a desk.
② —What's the name of her cat? —________ name is Mimi. 8. “是and还是or”
① I have an eraser________ two knives. ② Is your friend a boy ________a girl?
9. “whose who's不一样” ① — ________bag is this ? — It's mine.
② —________under the tree ? —Liu Mei is.
10. “一个right构三词” all right That's all right. That's right. ① —Thank you very much. — ________.
② —Let's go to school. — ________.
③ —Two plus four is six. —________. 参考答案:
1. ① Sorry ② Excuse me 2. ① very much ② very
3. ① has ② There are ③ have ④ Is there 4. ① How many ② How much
5. ① Nice ② fine / well ③ good / nice ④ well / fine
6. ① look at ② see ③ watch ④ looks like ⑤ Look ⑥ look the same ⑦ look after
7. ① It's ② Its 8. ① and ② or
9. ① Whose ② Who's
10.①That's all right ② All right ③ That's right
Have / Has 小议
动词have作为\有\使用时,表示\某人(物)有……\用于第一、二人称单数I、you和复数主语,其单数第三人称形式为has,用于第三人称单数he、she、it和单数主语。 肯定句:主语+have / has+宾语。例如: 1. I have an English book. 2. Lily has a dog. 3. They have many friends.
另外,have、has作为\有\使用时,在英国英语和美国英语中稍有差异。 在英国英语中,have=have got, has=has got,在实际应用时,got常省略。 否定句:在have、has后直接加not。主语+have not / has not+宾语。例如: 1. You have not a red car. 2. She has not a new bike.
3. Lily and lucy have not a big family.
一般疑问句:把have、has移到句首,在回答时仍用have / has。Have / Has+主语+宾语?例如:
1. Has she a new bike?
Yes, she has. (No, She hasn't.) 2. Have they many friends?
Yes, they have. (No, they haven't.) 3. Have Lily and lucy a big family?
Yes, they have. (No, they haven't.)
特殊疑问句:用\特殊疑问词+have / has+其它\。例如: Who has an English book? What have Lily and Lucy got?
在美语中,含有have / has的句子要借助于助动词变为问句和否定句,但has要变为have。在作回答时也要用do或does的形式。
否定句中,用\主语+don't / doesn't+have+宾语\。例如: 1. I don't have an English book. 2. She doesn't have a new bike.
一般疑问句中,用\主语+have+宾语\。例如: 1. Do you have an English book? Yes, I do. (No, I don't.) 2. Does she have any friends? Yes, she does. (No, they doesn't.)
特殊疑问句中,用\特殊疑问词+do/ does+主语+have+其它\。例如: 1. What do they have?
2. How many friends does Lucy have?
当特殊疑问词作主语时,直接用\特殊疑问词+have / has+其它\。例如: Who has an English book?
怎么样?关于have和has的问题你清楚了吗?
区别since 和for的用法
fr: (prep) 表示时间的持续,后面加时间段,表示一段时间,多与带数词的名词连用,其谓语需用延续性动词。
We have been leaning English for two years.
since: (prep) 表示“自从过去某一时间点以来”,后面接点时间,强调动作或状态一直延续到现在,一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 I have been skating since 9 o’clock.
How long have you been doing that? Since 2 years. I have been collecting kites for seven years. He has been watching English movies since 9 p.m. I have been listening to music videos since 1999.
meal与dinner
Miss Liu给大家说一说吧!
dinner, meal这两个名词都有“餐”之意。
的区别
学习unit20单词的时候,有位同学问我meal与dinner的区别,现在
meal泛指一日三餐的任一餐,也可指一餐所吃的东西。meal属可数名词。
dinner 常用来表示一天中的正餐(main meal) ,它既可是午餐,也可是晚
餐。英语国家一天最为丰盛的一餐常为晚餐,因此dinner常指晚餐。另外,dinner 一词较正规,邀请朋友赴晚宴常用dinner 一词。dinner属不可数名词。如: 例如:
Chinese like to have three meals a day. 中国人喜欢一日三餐。 It's time for dinner. 该吃饭了。
词汇分析(2007-04-07 21:44:45)
1. have/eat/take/at table
它们都表示“吃”,区别为:
1) have常和三餐名词连用,不涉及到具体吃的内容。如:
She has lunch at 12:30 and has supper at 7:00. 她十二半吃午饭,七点吃晚饭。 2) eat常和具体的食物连用,也可单独使用。如: The girl likes eating apples. 那女孩喜欢苹果。
Don’t eat too much. It’s bad for you. 别吃得太多,对你没好处。
3) take可指吃药,作“吃”解时多用于正式场合。(现在还没学,了解一下!)如: Take the medicine before 7:00. 请在七点之前把这药吃了。 They are taking dinner with the guests. 他们正与客人共进晚餐。
4) at table泛指在吃饭这一状态(请注意table前无冠词)。(现在还没学,了解一下!)如:
Where’s Jim? He’s at table. 杰姆在哪儿?他正在吃饭呢。
2. put on/wear/ be in
1) put on强调“穿”的动作,指穿(衣服、鞋等)的过程。如: —What are you doing? 你在干什么?
—I’m putting on my shoes. (I’m putting my shoes on.) 我正在穿鞋子。 这里的on是副词,若是代词则必须置于put与on之间。如:Put them on, please. 2) wear 强调“穿、戴”的状态。如:
The boy is wearing a yellow hat. 那男孩正在戴一顶黄色的帽子。
3) put on与wear都可独立作谓语,而in是介词。它必须与be连用构成系表结构。be in(还没学到,了解一下!)也用来指某件衣服穿在身上这一状态。如上述2中例句可改写为:The boy is in a yellow
hat.
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英语中的“吃”与“喝”(2007-04-06 21:21:04)
英语中的“吃”与“喝”
汉语中的“吃、喝”,在英语中却有多个动词来表达,如:eat、
have、drink、take等。这些动词虽然均含有“吃、喝“的意思,但在使用上又有一定的区别:
1. eat作“吃”解时,一般是指吃固体食物。
「情景例句」We eat rice every day. 我们每天吃米饭。 They eat a lot of / often eat potatoes. She likes eating dumplings.
eat也可用“喝”解,后多接soup(汤)。强调动作,多用于美国英语中。
2. have作“吃”解时,主要用于一日三餐(breakfast,lunch,supper)之前,或与meal连用。
「情景例句」We often have lunch at school.
have用在口语中表示请求或邀请的句子里,也可表示“喝”。
「情景例句」Would you like to have a glass of milk?你想喝杯牛奶吗? Let’s have a drink of tea. 咱们去喝点茶吧。
3. drink表示“喝”,其后常接茶、水、牛奶、啤酒等饮料名词。drink可单独用作动词,意为“喝酒”。
「情景例句」Give me a drink of water.给我一些水喝。 He doesn’t drink. 他没有喝酒的习惯。
「加油站」drink也可用作名词,单说drink往往是指“酒”。在英语中,饮料是drinks按其成分有无酒精,drinks可分为soft drinks(软饮料)和hard drinks。soft drinks指的是果汁、可乐等不含酒精的饮料,而hard drinks是指含酒精的各种酒(wine)。 4. take是一个很活跃的词,表示“吃”,一般限于“吃药”等惯用语中。 「情景例句」It’s time to take some medicine(药)。
5. help oneself to…表示“随便吃、自己吃”,这是招待客人常用的交流语。 在同客人一起进餐时,英美人一般不用自己的刀叉给客人添菜,大多说声“Help yourself to some…”。他们更不会把自己碗里的食物谦让给他人。yourself要与句子宾语在人称和数上保持一致,to是介词,后接名词或代词。
「情景例句」Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼。
注意一些区别(2007-03-31 12:58:19)
分类:小学综合英语材料
刚才在看留言时,有一位同学问:watch TV 为什么不能说成look TV?那我就给大家讲几个常用词的区别吧:
1、look, see, watch的区别
这三个词作动词用时都有“看”的意思,但有所区别。 look是主动地、有意识地“看”,是注意的“看”。
see表示眼的无意识,处于被动地位的“看”,是“看见”、“看到”。我们偶而看到一样东西用see,不用look。Look之后通常与介词搭配,如look at“往…看”,“看着”;look for “寻找”。
watch “注视”、“观看”。看球赛、电视常用watch.。看电影、戏剧常用see。 如:The old woman looked at him from head to foot .这老妇女从头到脚地看他。 You saw him yesterday. 你昨天看到了他。
He often watches TV in the evening. 他经常在晚上看电视。 She looked after the children yesterday.昨天她照顾这些孩子。
2、there be与have(has)的差别: 两者都有“有”的意思,但有差别。
There be句型结构表示存在关系,是“某地(或某时间)存在某物(或事、人)”,经常跟一个地点状语或时间状语。如:There is a car in the school. have(has)句型结构表示所属关系,即某物(人、事)属某人(物)所有。
如:She has a new car.
3、介词at、in、on的差别 (a) 在表示时间上的差别:
在一段时间内(在某年、月、上午、下午、晚上)用in: 如:in May, in the morning, in the evening 在某确切的时刻(在几点钟、中午、夜晚)用at: 如:at seven ,at noon, at night 在某日用on:如on Sunday (b) 在表示地点时的差别:
表示在…里用in,如:in the office
表示在某处这个确切的地方用at,如:at a small town 表示在…上面用on,如:on the table 表示大地方用in,如:in London 表示小地方用at,如:at the station
4、定冠词the与指示代词this、that、these、those的差别:
定冠词the的“这(那)个”、“这些(那些)”的词意程度上强于指示代词this、that、these、those。定冠词the不能单独使用,必须与名词连用才有意义,表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。而指示代词this、that、these、those可单独使用。如:This is a car. 但不能使用The is a car。
当the与单数名词连用时,表示特指的“这(那)个”。当the 与复数名词连用时,表示特指的“这些(那些)”。例如:Give me the book.把那本书给我。但当英译中时,有时the不一定要译出“这”“那”“这些”“那些”意思。例如:They often go to the shopping streets.他们常去(那些)购物街。这里的中文“(那些)”也可不译出。反之,如果把“他们常去购物街”中文译成英文时,英文shopping streets前面必须加定冠词the。这就是英语独特的语言规则和习惯用法。
5、“There is”与“Have”的区别在哪里?是否可以混用?
答:There is 是表示在某处有某物,Have 是表示某人有某物,两者不可混用。
“家”“家”各不同
英语中表示“家”的单词有三个:family, home和house, 大家可知道它
们的涵义和用法各不相同。让我们一起看看吧!
family意为“家;家庭;家族”,它强调组成家庭的成员,一般不用来指住房。表示家庭这一社会单位作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。如:His family is very big. 他家是一个大家庭。强调家庭中的所有成员作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:My family are all teachers. 我们全家人都是老师。
home意为“家;家乡”,它指一个人出生或居住的地方,有时还可以指出生的城市或祖国,它不能用来指人。如:My mother isn't at home. 我妈妈不在家。His home is in Beijing. 他家在北京。Let's go home. 咱们回家吧。 house意为“房子;家”,专门指一家人居住的房子。如:His house is over there. 他家的房子在那边。This is a new house. 这是一所新房子。Let's go to Mr Wang's house. 咱们去王先生家吧。
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