2018届上海市建平中学高三上学期开学考试英语试题

2017-2018学年建平中学高三开学考

II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Nursing, as a typically female profession, must deal constantly with the false impression ___21___ nurses are there to wait on the position. As nurses, we ____22_____ (license) to provide nursing care only. We provide health teaching, and physical as well as emotional problems, coordinate patient- related services and make all our nursing decisions based upon what is ___23___(good) or suitable for the patient. If, in any circumstance, we feel that a physician’s order is inappropriate or unsafe, we have a legal responsibility ____24____(question) that order, or refuse to carry it out.

Nursing is not a nine-to-five job __25__ every weekend off. All nurses are aware of that ___26___ they enter the profession. The emotional and physical stress, however, __27__ occurs due to hard working hours is a prime reason for a lot of the career dissatisfaction. It is sometimes required that we work overtime, and that we change shifts four or five times a month. That disturbs our personal lives and disrupts our sleeping and eating habits, isolating us from everything __28__ job-related friends and activities.

The quality of nursing care is being affected dramatically by these situations. Most hospitals are now staffed by new graduates because experienced nurses finally give up __29___(try) to change the system. If trends continue as ___30__(predict), they will find that most critical hospital care will be provided by new inexperienced and sometimes inadequately-trained nurses.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. blocking B. collectively C. contemporary D. digital E. fears F. heavily G. philosophy H. identify I. resolution J. socialize K. willingness “That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” But parents can’t handle it when teenagers put this 31 into practice. And now technology has become the new field for the age-old battle between adults and their freedom-craving kids.

Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles and hang out with their friends, teens have turned to social media and their mobile phones to 32 with their friends. What they do online often mirrors what they might otherwise do if their mobility wasn’t so 33 limited in the age of helicopter parenting. Social media and smart phones apps have become so popular in recent years. Teens want the freedom to explore their 34 and the world around them, so they jump online. As teens have moved online, parents have projected their 35 onto the Internet, imagining all the potential dangers that youth might face---from violent strangers to cruel peers.

Rather than helping teens develop strategies for discussing public life and the potential risks of interacting with others, fearful parents have focused on tracking, monitoring and 36 . These don’t help teens develop the skills they need to manage complex social situations, assess risks and get help when they’re in trouble. It gradually weakens the learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.

The key to helping youth handle 37 life isn’t more restrictions. It’s freedom — plus communication. Famed urban theorist Jane Jacobs used to argue that the safest neighborhoods were those where communities 38 took interest in and paid attention to what happened on the streets. Safety didn’t come from keeping

everyone indoors but from a 39 to watch out for one another. The same is true online.

Teens need the freedom to wander the 40 street, but they also need to know that caring adults are behind them and supporting them wherever they go. III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

When is an occupation a profession? There appears to no absolute definition, but only __41_ ways of looking at the issue, from historical, cultural, sociological, moral, political or philosophical perspectives. It is often said that professions are elites(精英) who undertake specialized, selfless work, according to moral codes and that their work is _42__ by examination and a license to practice. In _43__, however, they request complete control over a body of knowledge, freedom to practice, special rewards and higher financial and economic _44__.

The public needs experts and higher specialist advice, but because this advice is specialized they are not in a position to __45__ what advice they need: this has to be defined in conversation with the professional. Professional judgement could be __46__ with client(委托人) satisfaction since the latter cannot then be “the chief measure of whether the professional has acted in a trustworthy fashion.” Professional elites have __47__ potential; to export their power and reputation for economic goals; to allow research for the __48__ theoretical knowledge to become an end in itself; to lose sight of client well-being in the continuing split of specialist knowledge.

The higher a profession’s social status the more freedom it enjoys. Therefore, an occupation wanting to maintain or improve its status will try to keep as much an occupation __49__ as possible over its own affairs. As in so many other areas, socio-culture change has affected the professions considerably in recent years. Market forces and social pressures have focused professionals to be more __50__ about their

modes of practice. In addition, information technology has enables the __51__ to become much better informed, and therefore more demanding. Moreover, developing in professional knowledge itself have forced a greater degree of specialization on experts, who constantly have to _52___ and do research to maintain their position.

Self-regulation then becomes an even more thing for a profession to maintain er extend. But in whose __53__? Is self-regulation used to enable a profession to properly practise without __54__ interference, or is it used to maintain the status of the profession for its own ends? Or is it used to protect clients by appropriately __55__ those who have broken professional norms, or to protect the public image of the profession by concealing evidences that would damage it?

41. A. fair

B. normal

C. different C. completed

D. separate D.

42. A. guaranteed continued 43. A. return

B. measured

B. comparison B. status

C. conclusion C. influence

D. fact D.

44. A. importance certificate 45. A. discover 46. A. competing 47. A. negative 48. A. necessary background

B. accept C. realize

D. know D. mixing D. wasted D.

B. disagreeing B. creative B. abstract

C. contrasting C. significant C. basic

49. A. independence 50. A. definite 51. A. public consumers 52. A. resign

B. control B. formal

C. limitation C. open

D. value D. personal D.

B. followers C. audience

B. recover B. ideas

C. retrain

D. resist D.

53. A. interests instructions 54. A. legal

C. proposals

B. logical C. unlike D.

unsuitable 55. A. examining disciplining

Section B

A

The Hawthorne experiment was conducted in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The management of Western Electric's Hawthorne plant, located near Chicago, wanted to find out if environmental factors, such as lighting, could affect workers' productivity and morale. A team of social scientists experimented with a small group of employees who were set apart from their coworkers. The environmental conditions of this group's work area were controlled, and the subjects themselves were closely observed. To the great surprise of the researchers, the productivity of these workers increased in response to any change in their environmental conditions. The rate of work increased even when the changes (such as a sharp decrease in the level of light in the workplace) seemed unlikely to have such an effect.

It was concluded that the presence of the observers had caused the workers in the experimental group to feel special. As a result, the employees came to know and trust one another, and they developed a strong belief in the importance of their job. The researchers believed that this, not the changes in the work environment, accounted for the increased productivity.

A later reanalysis of the study data challenged the Hawthorne conclusions on the grounds that the changes in patterns of human relations, considered so important by the original researchers, were never measured. However, even if the original conclusions must be revised, they nonetheless raise a problem for social scientists: Research subjects who know they are being studied can change their behavior. Throughout the social sciences, this phenomenon has come to be called the Hawthorne effects.

B. separating

C. resetting

D.

56. The author implies that a sharp decrease in light increased workers' output because

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