研究生英语翻译课件

Translation Course

1 brief self-introduction 2 about this course

3 requirements for this course 4 about the exam

Chapter One Translation theories

Section One Definition(s) and Classification of Translation 1 definition(s)

2 functions

3 classifications

4 two most influential trans theories: (1)Nida: functional\\dynamic equivalence

1)expressive; 2)informative; 3)cognitive; 4)interpersonal; 5)imperative; 6)emotive; 7)performative; 8)aesthetic; 9)metalingual

(2)Newmark:

semantic

trans(author-centered)

&

communicative trans(reader-centered)

Section Two Trans Standards & Principles In the West:

1 three principles proposed by Tytler:

a) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the

original work;

b) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original;

c) A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.

2 equivalent value\\effect In China:

1 道安：严格的直译；(literal translation)

2 玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗；(free translation)

3 严复：信、达、雅；(faithfulness; expressiveness; elegance)

4 鲁迅：忠实、通顺；

5 傅雷：神似；(spiritual conformity)

6 钱钟书：化境。(sublimation)

Section Three Translation Methods (1) literal translation

1. crocodile’s tears 2. chain reaction 3. to kill two birds with one stone 4. to turn a deaf ear to 5. to fish in troubled waters 6. to talk black into white 7. Look before you leap. 8. Example is better than precept. 9. Ill news travels fast. 10. Easier said than done.

(2) free translation

1.Adam’s apple 2. raining cats and dogs 3. the apple of one’s eye 4. castles in the air 5. to laugh off one’s head 6. to look a needle in a bundle of hay 7. to hold a wolf by the ears 8. to have one’s nose in the air 9. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 10.Now it’s the time to put our cards on the table.

(3) transliteration

1. modern _____________ 2. carnation 3. radar _____________ 4.Dove 5. sofa _____________ 6. aspirin 7. Botily Co. _____________ 8. Benz

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

9. mango _____________ 10. hormone ____________ 11. nylon _____________ 12. tango ____________

(4) formal translation (5) annotation

1. clone ____克隆__________ 2. hacker ______电脑黑客_________ 3. AIDS ______艾滋病________ 4. EL Nino 厄尔尼诺现象_____________ 5. sauna ____桑拿浴__________ 6. Oval Office __美国总统办公室__ _____ 7. rock’n’roll ____摇滚__________ 8. the Water-gate Event __水门事件_______ 9. His dream is to be a second Jordan.他的梦想是成为第二个乔丹（他的梦想是成为像乔丹一样的世界顶尖级的篮球人物）

(6) paraphrase

1. to put all one’s eggs in one basket 孤注一掷

2. neither fish nor flesh 不伦不类，非驴非马 3. to return good for evil 以德报怨 4. a Trojan Horse 特洛伊木马

5. One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水喝，三个和尚没水喝

6. In the end things will mend. 车到山前必有路 7. Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天 8. All for one, one for all. 人人为我，我为人人

9. He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑 10. Can the leopard change his spots? 江山易改，本性难移

11. Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, she felt like a fish out of water. 12. He acts a lot older than his years. 他年纪轻轻，做事却相当老练

13. The more you try to hide, the more you are exposed. 越想隐藏，越容易暴露 14. The onlooker sees most of the game. 旁观者清 15. Do not cast pearls before swine. 不要对牛弹琴

Section Four Translation Procedure (1) Understanding

1) semantic analysis

1. Can can can a can.

2. It’s difficult for him to take the heavy plane to Chicago. 3. A dark horse candidate gets elected president.

4. As a president candidate, you must be ready for some Water-gate events.作为一个总统候选人，你必须准备好应对水门事件的措施。

2) grammatical analysis

1. Such observations are frequently made of Canada and Canadians. 加拿大和加拿大人

2. It was in this way that she cast in a bone between the husband and the wife.就这样，他离间妻子和丈夫

3. Immediately away fly these timid birds when anyone approaches.当有人靠近时，这些胆小的鸟儿立即飞走了

4. Your bicycle did not move because I pushed on it.

这样的现象经常来自

3) discourse analysis 话语分析

1. Frank hit the man with a hammer. 弗兰克用锤子打了这个男人

?

2. Our conference did in the end make the detailed plans for the invasion. 我们的会议最终确定了进攻的详细方案

3. Wife: Are you sick？妻子：你厌倦了吗？

Husband: Yes, I’m sick. I’m sick of you. 丈夫：嗯，我烦透了你 4. It is good for him to do so. 这样做对他有好处

5. The old man recalled that he was full of energy when he was a young fellow in the seventies.那个老男人在他七十岁的时候回忆起当他还是个小伙子的时候充满了力量

4) stylistic analysis 文体分析

1. My beloved parent has joined the heavenly choir. 我亲爱的父母去了天堂 2. My dear father has passed away. 3. My dad has died.

4. My old man has kicked the bucket. 一命呜呼

(2) expression

1. The pilot was ordered to land his plane at once. 飞行员接到命令要求立刻迫降 2. Get a livelihood, and then practice virtue. 先解决温饱，再追求美德 3. Men are good in one way, but bad in many. 4. Two is company, three is misery. 5. I’m up to my neck in your bullshit.

6. She denied it, denied everything, bone and stone. 7. Daniel said, “I’ll teach you how to kiss a girl.” “No,” said Sute, “I’ve graduated.”

8. He sold consumer goods in great demand but short supply. 9. At that time, he was as poor as a church mouse.

10. It’s therefore necessary to see the feasibility and effectiveness of this kind of management.

(3) checking

Section Five Requirements for a Translator (1) solid bilingual knowledge

1. Don’t be inflexibly devoted to a system just because it worked everywhere. 2. Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. 3. Everybody says she is an angel of a woman. 4. He has an acute intelligence.

5. To make him less nervous, I talked of small things.

(2) rich in sentence structures

1. No matter what text the translator is facing with, if the ideas of the original are successfully transferred to the readers without being distorted, the translated version should be at least regarded as a half-success, because for any translated ones, faithfulness is always the first to be taken into consideration.

2. What must be pointed out here is, that we are seeking for the smoothness and naturalness of the translated versions does not mean that our translation should be quite colloquial or informal so that all the readers, no matter whether they are experts, the educated laymen or the uninformed, could understand, because, just as Peter Newmark once said, “You should try to assess the level of education, the class, age and sex of your readership if these are important.”

(3) flexible use of context

1. A man is a man, a woman is a woman.

2. I would rather be a has-been than a never-was because a has-been has been while a never-was never was.

3. My boyfriend will come in a minute.

4. You are an attractive young woman, (but)……

(4) rich in cultural background knowledge

1. She is a cat.

2. John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.

3. Traditionally, rural highway location practice has been field oriented, but the modern method is “office” oriented.

4. Items in this shop are discounted by 20-30 percent. 5. When the cat’s away, the mice will play.

(5) with some knowledge of trans theories and methods (6) familiar with different tool books (7) strong responsibility

Some arguments about translation: 1 literal trans vs. free trans 2 elegance of the translated version 3 translatability A. figures of speech B. humors

C. expressions with rich typical cultural meanings

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