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翻译的过程是:

(1) 将句子划分意群。

所谓意群简单的讲就是完整的一个成分,比如:主语,定语,状语等,

但是当两个成分相对比较简单或者意义联系紧密的时候可以讲多个成分划为一个完整的意群,比如:he did not accept the charge这个主谓宾就可以划为一个意群了。

划分意群的时候常见的划分点:动词,连词,标点(逗号,冒号,破折号),介词 (2)将每个意群一一的翻译为中文。

任何过长的成分都可以翻译为单独的一个中文句子

(3)再将翻译好的意群按中文的表述逻辑拼装为完整的句子。

1、We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational processwhich we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- thatof direct tuition or schooling.

主干识别:We are thus led to distinguisha more formal kind of education

其他成分:within the broad educationalprocess 状语; that of directtuition or schooling. 同位语

which we have beenso far considering “ process”的定语;

翻译点拨:词汇的处理

distinguish 区分出? consider考虑/讨论 tuition 直接讲授 schooling 学校教育

主句的处理: We are thus led todistinguish a more formal kind of education. 直接翻译为:我们进而被引导去区分?(引导我们的就是我们自己) 翻译中常常是将被动变为主动,“得以?”是常见的替换方式,

同位语的处理: that of directtuition or schooling. 记中是可以看到的。 所以可以改译为:这就使我们进而得以去区分一种更加正式的教育。

状语的处理: within the broadeducational process which we have been so far considering 定语从句可以前置,在(我们)一直讨论的广义的教育过程中, 代词“我们”和主句的“我们”重复了,可以省略。同位语可以处理为:“也就是?” That 指代前面的正式教育,只是为了语言更正式可以不翻译。

参考译文: 这就使我们进而得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中去区分出一种更加正式的教育,也就是直接讲授或学校教育。

特别提示:在翻译的过程中我们一直在遵循一种原则,那就是: 2+1 = 2 (加词不加意) 2+1 = 2(减词不减意)的原则。 代词的省译

例1: One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreignlanguage. 【译文】必须勤学苦练, 才能精通一门外语。

例2: He covered his face with his hand as if to protect his eyes. 【译文】他用手蒙住脸,好像去保护眼睛。 例3:Our son, Carl, who is six, goes to a good private school, and ourdaughter, who is four, won’t go to school until next year. 【译文】我儿子卡尔六岁,在一所很好的私立学校读书,女儿四岁,明年才上学。

例4:We live and learn. 【译文】:活到老,学到老。

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名词的省译:

同位语从句所补充说明的名词: Behaviorists,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks areoften deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantagesthat whites enjoy.相反,行为主义者认为,成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。

一些没有实际含义,省去后能使句子更加通顺和简洁,且不改变句子含义的名词:

A of B (上下义词) the practice of … run , 一些表示比喻含义的名词 动词的省译:

动词一般不能省略,但某些动词( 如give, make, come, take, pay ? )与具有动作意味的名词连用时可以省略;系动词(如become, go, get等)也可以省译

2、Nobody can know how 2013 will change the world. In 1989 the Soviet empire teetered and fell. But Marx’s belief that 1848was the first wave of a proletarian revolution was confounded by decades of flourishing capitalism and 1968, which felt so pleasurably radical at the time,did more to change sex than politics.

词汇突破:teetered摇摇欲坠,处于…的边缘; proletarian revolution 无产阶级革命;

confounded 迷惑,糊涂;惊讶;击败, 例句:He momentarily confounded hiscritics by his cool handling

of the hostage crisis...他对人质危机的冷静处理一时让批评者们惊讶不已。 Radical 激进

提醒: more...than...在快速理解的时候就理解为:more+肯定than+否定。 除开一些明显的表示比较的句子:

I am more impatient than you. 解析最后一句

主干识别:Marx’sbelief was confounded by decades of flourishing capitalism and 1968 did more tochange sex than

politics.

其他成分:1848 wasthe first wave of a proletarian revolution 同位语从句 which felt so pleasurably radical at the time定语从句

参考译文:Mark 认为1848年只是无)产)阶)级革命的第一次浪潮,但是之后几十年资本主义的繁荣发展却击

碎了这种想法;1968也曾一度表现出了令人愉悦的激进,但是最终也只是改变了人们对性(别)的态度而没有改变政治。

3、HUMANITY harbours a lingering fear thatThomas Malthus might just have been right. The dour reverend first warned in1798 that population growth would lead to soaring resource prices, leavingworkers destitute. Two centuries of growth later, the worry that the world’snatural resources are finite remains. 词汇突破:1. lingering持续存在的,不愿离开的,苟延残喘的

例句:1.Unemploymentand lingering disease cooperated to make his family broken..失业加上长期的疾病,使他倾家荡产。

2. Thesefigures kill off any lingering hopes of an early economic recovery. 这些数字彻底扼杀了人们对经

济早日复苏所抱的一线希望

2. dour reverend 严厉的传教士 3. destitute 极度穷困 4. finite 有限的 句子解析: 最后一句主干:the worry remains

参考译文:人类一直心存一丝恐惧,害怕ThomasMalthus (托马斯马尔萨斯)可能是对的。这位严肃的教士早在1798年就提出警告:人口增长将导致资源价格大幅上涨,使劳动者贫困潦倒。经历了两个世纪的人口增长,人们对于世界资源有限性的担心一直存在。

4、Paul Ehrlich, a biologist of Malthusiandisposition, argued in “The Population Bomb”, a 1968 book, that

risingpopulations would inevitably exhaust those resources, sending prices soaringand condemning people to hunger. That pitted him against economists who arguedthat rising prices should mitigate the squeeze by calling forth more supply. Ina famous 1980 wager Julian Simon, an economist, bet Mr Ehrlich that commodityprices would be lower a decade later. He won, as the effects of rising pricesin the 1970s showed up in energy conservation and more oil exploration. Butwhen

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exuberance returned to commodity markets in the 2000s, so did the oldarguments. Jeremy Grantham, a money manager, wrote in 2011 that “price pressureand shortages of resources will be a permanent feature of our lives.” 词汇突破:1.Malthusiandisposition 马尔萨斯主义 2.Disposition 性格,倾向,意见,看法 3.Pit (动词) 使相斗;使对立;使竞争(传说中的挖坑?)

例句:This wasone man pitted against the universe. 这是一个人挑战整个宇宙。

4. mitigate 使缓和,使减轻;使平息 5. squeeze 压力 6. calling forth more supply 增加压力 7. wager 赌局 8. exuberance 繁荣 9. inevitably 不可避免的

句子分析:PaulEhrlich, a biologist of Malthusian disposition, argued in “The PopulationBomb”, a 1968 book, that rising

populations would inevitably exhaust thoseresources, sending prices soaring and condemning people to hunger.

主干识别:Paul Ehrlich argued that risingpopulations would inevitably exhaust those resources, sending prices soaringand

condemning people to hunger

马尔萨斯主义的支持者,生物学家Paul Ehrlich在1968年出版的《人口炸弹》一书中指出,持续增加的人口将不可避免地耗尽资源,导致价格大幅上涨,迫使人类陷于饥饿。这使他相当于在挑战一群经济学家,那些经济学家认为通过增加供给就能抑制价格上涨。在那场著名的赌局中,经济学家Julian Simon与Ehrlich打赌,认为十年后商品价格会更低。Julian Simon赢了,70年代石油价格的大幅上涨带来了节约能源与石油开采量的提高。但当21世纪初商品市场再度繁荣时,这个旧的议题又被重新提及。2011年,货币经理JeremyGrantham撰文写道:“资源的价格与紧缺所带来的压力将是我们生活的永恒特征”

5、But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. 主干识别:it’sinteresting to wonder …

其他成分:if theimages we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’tin some small,

subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions withthe actual experience

If引导的宾语从句

in thesame way that 引导宾语从句中的状语从句:

a smallpart of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bitlike Jennifer Aniston. 翻译点拨:词汇点拨:

Parenthood父母(身份)= parent Subconscious潜意识 contributingto 造成 the Rachel 瑞秋(美剧六人行中的主角之一,很美,剧中是一个单生妈妈) JenniferAniston 瑞秋的扮演者,生活中也是一个单生妈妈,前夫是布拉德.皮特

主句的处理: it’s interesting to wonder … 形式主语可以直接翻译为:但是有趣的是可以思考一下… 宾语从句的处理: 这里需要结合一个结构: towonder if…aren’t… 这个结构是可以翻译为否定也可以翻译为肯定的,多翻译为肯定。

“有趣的是可以思考一下,我们每周看到的无忧无虑,幸福诱人的为人父母的形象会不会从一种微小的,无意识 的方面加剧我们对于现实生活的不满。”

状语的处理: in thesame way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us lookjust a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.。 这种方式就好像:我们中有一小部分人会觉得,要是成为瑞秋(单身妈妈)就有可能使我们看 上去有点像使得我们看上去有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了。

参考译文: 有趣的是可以思考一下,我们每周看到的无忧无虑,幸福诱人的为人父母的形象会不会从一种微小的,

无意识的方面加剧我们对于现实生活的不满。这种方式就好像:我们中有一小部分人会觉得,要是成为瑞秋(单身妈妈)就有可能使我们看上去有点像有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了。

6、For example,the tests do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

主干识别: the tests do not compensate for gross social inequality,and thus do not tell how+从句 其他成分: how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. how 引导一个宾语从句,其主句为how able an underprivileged youngster might have been;

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还原为中文的语序为:an underprivileged youngster might have been how able;

条件状语从句:had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.(if被省略,had提前) 还原为:if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances. 翻译点拨:compensate for 弥补; gross social inequality 明显的社会不公; and thus 因此 ; tell 说明; underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件不好的; underprivileged youngster (屌丝);

under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下 本句只要能识别出句子结构翻译就比较容易了。 参考译文:测试并不弥补明显的社会不公,因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长的话,会有多大才干.

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