高中时态，非谓语动词等易错疑难题及其解析

时态

1．—Hey，look where you are going!

— ——0h，I’m terribly sorry． ． A．I’m not noticing B．1 wasn’t noticing C．I haven’t noticed D．I don’t notice

2．The little girl her heart out because she her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it．

A．had cried；1ost B．cried；had lose C．has cried；has lost D．cries；has 1ost

3．Both my brothers work at the power station that at my home town． A．has set up B．has been set up C．was set up D．is set up 4．Linda has 1ost her passport again．It’s the second time this ．

A．has happened B．has been happened C．happened D．happens 因为 it is the first (second, third, fourth) time that...是英语中一个常用句式，其中的 that 从句习惯上要现在完成时。又如：

It's the first time I've come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。 It’s the first time she has driven a car. 这是她第一次开车。

It’s the second time this has happened. 是第二次发生这样的事了。

That’s the third time he’s phoned her this evening. 这是今晚他第三次给她打电话了。

若主句谓语改为过去式(was)，那么that从句则用过去完成时。如： This was the first time he had ever been late. 这是他第一次迟到。

It was the second time he had been out with her. 这是他第二次和她一道出去。 That was the third time he had entered the house. 那是他第三次进入这座房子 25．When I was at college I three foreign languages，but I all except a few words of each．

A．spoke；had forgotten B．spoke；have forgotten C．had spoken；had forgotten D．had spoken；have forgotten 因为when i was at college是一个一般过去式的句子，前后时态一致，那么说外语是在他上大学时发生的，所以用一般过去时，那么从A和B中选，选项A后面是had spoken， 是一个过去完成时，表过去的过去，这里体现不出来，所以选B.

一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行)；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：

____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. A) Heard B) Having heard

1

C) Hear D) To hear

依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。

六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断

非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如：

1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.

依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。

非谓语动词

4.Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving

5. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work. A. doing B. to do C. being doing D. to be done can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事

6. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films. A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing 【解析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：

(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。

(2) 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。

2

(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。

(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。

(5) 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。

9. Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.

A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying 【解析】答案应选C。其实，动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on或upon，即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。

10. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”

A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type

确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。

当询问别人需要“我”做什么 的时候用have sth to be done 如果是”我”亲自要做什么 的时候用have sth done

11. I don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.

A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 完成式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前。如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting. (=I am sorry that I have kept you waiting) 对不起，让你久等了。

注意：若谓语表示“愿望、打算、意图”的动词时，如hope，think，want，plan，expect，mean，intend等，其后可以跟不定式的完成式表示“本来想要或打算做某事，而实际上未能实现”。如： We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing

15. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.

A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. Stolen D. Stealing

3

19. —— Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?

——Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener. A. to change; to be B. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be

consider 作“考虑”解时，后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语；作“认为” 解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或to be的复合结构

24. （山东省济宁市2008—2009学年度高三第一阶段质量检测，32）There was a sudden burst of light a terrible noise. A．following B．to follow C．followed D．followed by 对比：there was a terrible noise( A ) the sudden burst of light

A. following B. followed

1）此题中，( ) the sudden burst of light为后置定语，修饰noise.

2）根据常识，声音的传播速度比光要更慢，所以是“声音跟着光之后（发生）”，即noise和follow之间为主动关系。

而现在分词恰恰是表示被修饰词和其之间为主动关系。

3）而答案ACD全部含有被动的过去分词followed，都是表示noise和follow的被动关系，全部排除。

25.（福建福州八中2009年元月高三调研考试试卷，30） in a red skirt in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games, the little girl Lin Miaoke won the hearts of the people all over the world．

A．Dressed B．Worn C．Dressing D．Wearing

解释： Dressed in+衣服，固定搭配，表示处于一种状态。

28. （唐山市2008-2009学年度高一第一次教学质量检测，23） ，Mom had a cup of coffee and a few minutes’ rest．

A．With her housework done B．With her housework being done

C．With her housework doing D．With her housework to do 一，做完家务，妈妈喝了一杯咖啡然后休息了几分钟。

二，考查非谓语动词，后面是一个完整的句子了，前面的with短语做伴随状语 三，非谓语动词有to do, doing和done，要看动作和名词是主动被动，还是进行，完成的关系。

题中，housework是被做，所以要用过去分词表示被动，B是表示正在被做，显然与题意不符

29.（湖南省衡阳市八中2009年上期高二第一次月考试卷，31）The manager introduced the rules that she would like to see _______ the next year.

4

A. establish B. establishing C. established D. to establish

选择C. 经理讨论了他们想明年看到被实施的计划，表面意思是这样的。从单个意思翻译看，这个计划，他们明年想看到的，是应该被实施，被执行，所以应该使用被动语态，而过去分词是表示过去和完成的，所以应该选择过去分词

30.（重庆市一中08-09学年高二上学期期末，22）_____ in thought completely, he didn’t even know what was going on.

A. Losing B. Lost C. Having lost D. Having been lost 是独立主格结构的一种用法lost in thought固定句型，陷入沉思

15. _______ the road round to the right and you'll find his house. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed

【陷阱】容易误选B或C，误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。

【分析】正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and 可推知它是一个并列句。 假若将此题改为下面这样，则答案为B：

_______ the road round to the right, you'll find his house. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed

但是，若改成下面一题这样，则答案为C(不定式短语表目的)：

_______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed

请做以下试题，答案均选A，都是因为句中的并列连词 and（填空句为祈使句）： (1) _______ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town. A. Get B. To get

C. Getting D. Having got

(2) ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children. A. Drink B. To drink

C. Drinking D. Having drinking

(3) ______ me, and then try to copy what I do. A. Watch B. Watching

C. To watch D. Have watching

虚拟语气情态动词

2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.

A. don’t know B. hadn’t known C. wasn’t knowing D. wouldn’t know

选A.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I don’t know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I don’t know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不

5

是有幸遇到你，我真不知（指现在不知）我会做出什么蠢事来”。

9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay

C. had lain D. should lie 选 C. if only 意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反

10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly

选 A.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句 12. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.” A. He’d better give up drinking

B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so

关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.

13. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.” A. do B. are C. will D. would

由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.

21.________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

should除了最基本的意思外还有两个意思就是“居然”和“万一” ：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消

23.—Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report. —You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it . A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t shall此处表示“警告”

6

是有幸遇到你，我真不知（指现在不知）我会做出什么蠢事来”。

9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay

C. had lain D. should lie 选 C. if only 意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反

10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly

选 A.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句 12. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.” A. He’d better give up drinking

B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so

关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.

13. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.” A. do B. are C. will D. would

由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.

21.________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

should除了最基本的意思外还有两个意思就是“居然”和“万一” ：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消

23.—Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report. —You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it . A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t shall此处表示“警告”

6

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/2ytg.html