初三、高一三大从句讲解与练习及答案

宾语从句语法讲解

一、 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：

We knew （that）we should learn from each other. 2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 二、 三要素 1. 引导词

如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序

①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 3. 时态

①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week.

②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.

注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：

He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用

1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：

“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问

号。如：

Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？

四、 if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于哪一类从句。如：

If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句） I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） 五、从句的简化

1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：

Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？ 宾语从句专项练习

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. 3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days. 4．Can they speak French? I want to know.

I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. 5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.

Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang. Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet. 7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture? 8．Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car? 9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. 10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly. 11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know. I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. 12. What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ _____. 13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.

Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________. 14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken. 15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.

I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai. 二、选择填空。

( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.

A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it

C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring ( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.

A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry ( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.

A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.

A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions

C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )5. Could you tell me ___________?

A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in ( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.

A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left ( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen ( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.

A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got ( )9. The manager came up to see __________. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. what's the matter ( )10. He asked his father _______.

A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen ( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it

( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.

A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking ( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.

A that B what C why D which

( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?

─ Sorry, I've no idea.

A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought

( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years. A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another ( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA. A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone

C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone ( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow. ─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead. A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains ( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive

C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives

( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.

A. that B. where C. which D. what ( )20. He asked me _______.

A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held

( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was interesting book.

A. that B. how C. what D. if ( )22. You must remember _______.

A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said ( )23. I don”t know ______ .

A. which room I can live B. which room can I live C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in ( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?

－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you . A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come ( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.

A. took B. take C. takes D. will take ( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone B. had never gone

an

2. I would appreciate it ________you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.

A. until B. if C. when D. that 3. As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，________. A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life 4.After the war，a new school building was put up ________there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 5. —Is Mr. Smith in the office?

—Yes，________ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.

A. since B. however C. whether D. for 6. As your good friend, I will do ________help you.

A. that I can to B. what I can to C. all that I can D. what I can 7.John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________he phones.

A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that

8.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________I could answer the phone. A. as B. since C. until D. before 9. —Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages. —Oh, yes. ________others are weak, he is strong.

A. If B. When C. Where D. Though 10.It is ten years ________he smoked.

A. that B. when C. since D. while 11.We must hurry up ________catch up with the last train.

A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to 12.No matter ________hard it may be，I will carry it out.

A. what B. whatever C. how D. however 13.________ you may do，you must do it well.

A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When 14. —Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday? —No. But if I ________the time，I would definitely go.

A. have B. had C. have had D. would have 15.________ you are so weak，you’d better stay at home.

A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though

16.English and French are taught here. You can choose ________you like.

A. no matter which B. whichever C. which D. whatever 17.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other ________I left London. A. as B. before C. since D. till 18.I’ll be back before you ________.

A. will leave B. will have left C. leave D. would leave 19.The problem won’t be settled until we ________a chance to discuss it thoroughly.

A. have had B. will have C. will have had D. would have 20.If you ________this experiment，you will understand the theory better.

A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D. would do 21.They went on working ________it was late at night.

A. even if B. as if C. however D. as though 22.I hurried ________I wouldn’t be late for class.

A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 23.The volleyball match will be put off if it ________.

A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining 24.________ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.

A. At times B. Some time C. By the time D. Every time 25.Although he is considered a great writer，________.

A. however his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C. his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read 26.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ________. A. will arrive B. is going to arrive C. arrives D. is arriving 27.We should finish the important job，________. A. long it takes however B. it takes however long

C. long however it takes D. however long it takes 28.________he made an important speech at the meeting was true.

A. That B. Why C. What D. How 29.________comes to the party will receive a gift.

A. Which B. Who C. Which one D. Whoever 30.She is willing to help you, ________busy she is.

A. what B. how C. however D. whatever

31.I don’t care whether he stays ________goes.

A. nor B. then C. or D. otherwise 32.No matter ________hard it may be，I’ll carry it out.

A. what B. whatever C. how D. however 33.Why do you want to find a new job ________you’ve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 34.________he is, he will be thinking of you.

A. Wherever B. Where C. Now that D. As soon as 35.You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again.

定语从句的用法以及精练

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 (4)关系词只能用that的情况:

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 (5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如: This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如: This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 六 \介词＋关系代词\是一个普遍使用的结构

(1) \介词＋关系代词\可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。\介词＋关系代词\结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。

例:Is that the house in which you live ?

(2)像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：

This is the boy whom she has taken care of. I.单项填空。

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father? -Yes, he’s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _____I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree

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