暑期英语十天语法强化培训导学案

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高一英语语法专项导学案

专题一：名词性从句（1）

【学前练习】

（）1．______ he always serves the people very well is known.

A. What

B. That

C. Which

D. Who

（）2．______ you have done might do harm to other people.

A. What

B. That

C. Whether

D. Which

（）3．I don’t care ____ she has no money. I care____ she is honest or not.

A. if…if

B. whether…whether

C. if…whether

D. whether…if

（）4. They found at last ____ they had been looking for.

A. that

B. what

C. where

D. which

（）5. He will be here on time. But I’m not sure _____ he drives or takes the train.

A. whether

B. if

C. when

D. how

（）6. The reason why he was late is ___ he got up too late.

A. that

B. because

C. as

D. for

（）7. I want to know ____ the leather coat belongs to.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. whom

（）8. Can you tell me ___ the hospital is?

A. where

B. who

C. that

D. whether

（）9. We all know ____ she will be our English teacher.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. who

（）10. I wish _____ he would pass the examination.

A. how

B. whether

C. when

D. that

（）11.This is _____I mean. A. it B. that C. which D. what

（）12. I asked him ____he would go. A. what B. that C. whom D. if

（）13. I know_____my teacher is right. A. which B. what C. who D. that

（）14. ____he is right is evident. A. what B. whom C. That D. If

（）15. I doubt___it will rain this afternoon. A. whether B. that C. what D. About 【知识讲解】

一主语从句

1．that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。（that 引导宾语从句时可以省略。）It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.

“她的头发正在变白，这使她很不安”。that引导主语从句，it 作形式主语，that 不能省略。

That she is a rich woman is known to us all.

“众所周知，她是个富有的女人”。这是that 引导主语从句，that 不能省略。

这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写：

We didn‘t know (that) you had sold your house. “我们不知道你已经把你的房子卖了”。

这是that引导宾语从句，that 可以省略。注意这句话的时态。

2．从句作主语时，多数情况下由 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面，尤其是谓语部分（包括宾语）较短的情况下。

It wasn‘t very clear what she meant. “不清楚她是什么意思”。

It is important that he should come on time. “他按时来是很重要的”。

It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here.

“左边那个人是本地的一位著名作家，这是真的”。

这里，第一个that 引导主语从句，是单纯的连词，无词义，不作句子成分。第二个that 是指示代词，作句子成分，是man 的定语。

3．whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句，但if不能引导主语从句。whether 后面可以加

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or not, 而if 不能与or not 连用。作介词宾语时不用if.如：

Whether I knew John doesn’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether I knew John.

“我是否认识约翰没有关系”。

Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll come or not isn ’t clear.

= It isn’t clear whether …. “她是否来还不清楚”。

It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.

Whether引导的是主语从句还是宾语从句？it 是形式主语吗？请翻译这句话。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 宾语从句，介词宾语，不能用if 引导。请翻译这句话。

She asked me whether/if you were married. 宾语从句，既可以用whether, 又可以用if 引导。

注意时态的对应。请翻译这句话。

We haven’t decided whether/if we shall give them aid.

I’m not sure whether/if the report is believable.

〖汉译英〗

1 现在还很难预测谁会赢得下一届总统选举。

2 对于多数公民来说，谁当选总统无关紧要。

3 这位前总统是否会被判处死刑还有待观察。

4 真可惜，王教授不能出席我们的英语晚会。

5 我们需要的是更多的时间。

二宾语从句

在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句。

1. that 引导的宾语从句: that 没有意义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略

例如：I really feel she’s making a mistake. “我的确感到她正犯错误”。

James said (that) he was feeling better. “詹姆斯说他感到好些了”。

Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him.

“听说儿子受了重伤，他急忙赶到医院去看望他”。

I suggested that we should go home.

“我建议我们回家去”。虚拟语气，that 一般不能省略。

2．whether/if “是否”引导的宾语从句：如果要突出“究竟是…还是不…”，常在whether 后面加or not;

if 一般不与or not连用。

如： He asked me if/whether I knew John. “他问我是否认识约翰”。

Let me know whether you can come or not. “你究竟能来还是不能来，告诉我一声”。

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3．在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词的宾语从句中，否定不用在从句中，而是将think 等词变为否定形式。

I don’t think the film is interesting. “我觉得这部电影没什么意思”。

I don’t suppose we are going outing tomorrow. “我认为我们明天不会出去郊游”。

4．如果从句作宾语而后面还有补语，为了保持句子的平衡，用it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在句尾。常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有：make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider, regard, take…for granted等。如：

George made it clear that he opposed this project. “乔治已明确表示他反对这个项目”。

it 代表that 引导的句子，作宾语，clear是宾语补足语。

They kept it quiet that he was dead. “对他已经死亡的消息，他们秘而不宣”。

I took it for granted that you’d stay with us. “我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起”。

三同位语从句

同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后面接同位语从句的名词（通常是抽象名词）有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有时也用when, where 等疑问词。

注意下面五个复合句中划线部分，并请同学们翻译全句。

①The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise.

② The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.

③ People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe.

④ The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money.

⑤ They have no idea at all where he has gone.

注意：同位语从句的that 只是引导词，没有其他语法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略；

而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外，还是定语从句的一个成分，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。

请辨别下列四个例句中that从句是同位语从句还是定语从句

如：The idea that some peoples are superior to others is sheer nonsense.

“有些民族优越于其他民族这种想法简直荒谬”。（）

The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense.

“他在会议上提出的这个想法简直荒谬”。（）

No one is happy with the fact that he found out.

“没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴”。（）

No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss.

“没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴”。（）

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【堂练】

（）16. I have no doubt___he will help me this time. A. if B. that C. whether D. how

（）17. ____the earth is round is known to everybody. A. Then B. That C. This D. Which （）18. He told me the news ____our team had won the game. A. about B. of C. that D. as

（）19. It makes no difference to me____he will come or not. A. how B. why C. when D. whether （）20. ___is unknown to me.

A. Where he is

B. Where is he

C. He is where

D. Is he where

（）21."What is interesting is that I do not even know him."is______.

A.what

B. interesting

C. what interesting

D. I

（）22. He came here shortly before, so I can't know _____.

A.he is good or not

B. if he is good

C. how is he

D.how did he .

（）23. ______? I think he is Charles Yang.

A.Who do you think he is

B. Do you think who he is

C. Whom do you think he is

D. Who you think he is

（）24. Do you remember where ____my watch?

A.had I put

B. had put I

C. I had put

D. put I

（）25. The old man asked Henry_____England nest week.

A. whether will he go

B. whether would he go to

C. whether he is going to

D. whether he would go to

（）26. The problem ____overworking all day long impairs his health. A. is B. that C. which D. is that （）27. Jack asked me about myself and wanted to know____.

A.what and I studied English for

B. where did I study

C. where had I studied

D. where I had studied

（）28. George ____he could improve his test scores, but he did not have enough time to study.

A. knew to

B. knew how

C. knew how that

D. knew how to

（）29. I wonder ____is in your mind. A. what B.if C.whether D.that

（）30. I wonder how many years ago _____.

A. did your father retire

B. your father retired

C. has your father retired

D. your father has retired

【课后作业】

（）31. He said that he ______there for 10 years.

A. has worked

B. had worked

C. worked

D. was working

（）32. ______was once regarded as impossible has come true.

A. Who

B. Which

C. That

D. What

（）33. _____he will come is certain.

A. What

B.That

C. Whether

D. If

（）34. I found ____strange _____she had not come yet.

A. it…that

B. that…tha

C. this…/ D it…/

（）35. He reason for his absence from school was____he fell ill.

A. Because

B. Why

C. What

D. That

（）36. This is the reason ____I agree to it.

A. that

B. why

C. what

D. A and B

（）37. _____ a pity that we have missed the film.

A. That's

B. It's

C. What's

D. There's

（）38. The news_____he will go to London is untrue.

A. which

B. that

C.when

D.why

（）39. The question ____we will hold the sports-meet next Sunday will be decided very soon.

A. that

B.whether

C.if

D.why

（）40. Everything depend on___we have enough time.

A. if

B. when

C.whether

D.that

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（）41. We don't know ____to pay a visit to the old town. A. whether B.if C. that D.which

（）42. We think it unwise to give a child ______he or she wants.

A. whichever

B. whatever

C. however

D. Whenever

（）43. _______we should study foreign languages is clear.

A. When

B. Which

C. Why

D. What

（）44. _______I really want to say is that we should study hard.

A. When

B. That

C. Why

D. What

（）45. We all know ____she is very proud of her son.

A. what

B. if

C. how

D. Why

（）46. We all know ____she is very proud of the great progress her son has made.

A. what

B. if

C. how

D.that

（）47. Does __matter much ___he can't come to the meeting?

A. it;if

B. that;if

C. it;whether

D. this;whether

（）48. ---Would you like to do it at all?

---I'd love to, but the question is____it is worth doing.

A. if

B. whether

C. when

D. that

（）49. I have no doubt ___we will complete the project by the year 2000.

A. when

B. that

C. if

D. whether

（）50. ____I can't understand is___she is so interested in such matters.

A. What;why

B. What; that

C. That;why

D. That;how

（）51.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.

A. What

B. Why

C. Where

D. Which

（）52. ___ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.

A. That

B. What

C. Whether

D. Where

（）53. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is ―programmed‖ to make us do so.

A. When

B. Why

C. whether

D. that

（）54. Could I speak to--------- is in charge of International Sales , please?

A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who

（）55. You can only be sure of_________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.

A. that; what

B. what; /

C. which; that

D. /; that

（）56. —Where‘s that report?

—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr. Black‘s office yesterday.

A. if

B. when

C. because

D. before

（）57. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.

A. how

B. what

C. which

D. when

（）58. Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where

（）59. Choosing the right dictionary depends on __ you want to use it for.

A. what

B. why

C. how

D. whether

（）60. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.

A. That

B. Which

C. What

D. As

（）61. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read．A．that B．what C．which D．whether

（）62. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _______ it is .

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A. what

B. which

C. how

D. where

（）63. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That‘s _ the best jobs are.

A. where

B. what

C. when

D. why

（）64. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad．A．that B．all that C．all what D．which

（）65. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing.

A. when

B. whose

C. which

D. where

（）66. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. where

（）67. A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.

A. how

B. after

C. what

D. when

（）68. Excuse me ,would you please tell me ______?

A．when the sports meet will be taken place B．when was the sports meet going to be held

C．when is the sports meet to begin D．when the sports meet is to take place

（）69. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.

A. it

B. that

C. these

D. them

（）70. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree.

A. why

B. where

C. what

D. how

【阅读理解】 A

Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.

Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practised sewing machine.

Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way.

Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.

To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious(无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called ―secret messages to ourselves‖.

（）1..According to the passage, Elias Howe was________.

A. the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleep

B. much more hard-working than other inventors

C. the first person to design a sewing machine that really worked

D. the only person at the time who knew the value of dreams

（）2.The problem Howe was trying to solve was________.

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A. what kind of thread to use

B. how to design a needle which would not break

C. where to put the needle

D. how to prevent the thread from getting caught around the needle

（）3.Thomas Edison is spoken of because________.

A. he also tried to invent a sewing machine

B. he got some of his ideas from dreams

C. he was one of Howe‘s best friends

D. he also had difficulty in falling asleep

（）4.Dreams are so metimes called―secret messages to ourselves‖ because___.

A. strange images are used to communicate ideas

B. images which have no meaning are used

C. we can never understand the real meaning

D. only specially trained people can understand them

专题一：名词性从句（2）

【堂前复习检测】

（）71．We know little about the young lady except ________ you told me.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. 不填

（）72. I think Father would like to know ___ I‘ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.

A. which

B. why

C. what

D. how

（）73．________ we can‘t get seems better than ________ we have.

A. What; what

B. What; that

C. That; that

D. That; what

（）74．The reason _______ she gave for not being present was _______ the heavy snow

prevented her coming.

A. /; because

B. why; because

C. / ; that

D. why; whether

（）75．________ breaks the law should be punished.

A. No matter who

B. Whoever

C. All

D. Who

（）76．These photographs will show you ________.

A. what our village looks like

B. what does our village look like

C. how our village looks like

D. how does our village look like

（）77．—Little Tom get an ―A‖ in the exam.

—________ he‘s been so happy these days.

A. No wonder

B. I wonder why

C. It is a wonder

D. Because

（）78．—It was 3 o‘clock ________ we arrived at the village.

—Oh, it was also at 3 o‘clock ________ we arrived at th e village.

A. when; when

B. when; that

C. that; that

D. that; when

（）79．Never take ______ for granted that I will help you. Better depend on yourself.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D. this

（）80．Can you tell me ________?

A. who is that woman

B. who the woman is

C. whom is the woman

D. that woman is

（）81．—The green typewriter is mine. —Do you know whose typewriter ________?

A. is this blue one

B. this blue one

C. is this blue

D. this blue one is

（）82. With few people _______ hens, the price of eggs ________

A. rising, rises

B. raising, raises

C. rising, raises

D. raising, rises

（）83. --You're going to have a rise this month, aren't you?

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--Yes, only $ 100.

--Well, __________.

A. the more, the better

B. easier said than done

C. better than never

D. better than nothing （）84. --My car _________ twice this month. --I'm sorry to hear that.

A. has been broken in

B. was broken in

C. has been broken into

D. was broken into

（）85. We discussed ______ we should close the shop on Sunday.

A. whether

B. if

C. when

D. where

【知识讲解】

四、表语从句

（一）表语从句位于主句的连系动词之后，在非正式文体中引导词that可以省略。

That’s not what I want. “那不是我要的”。

That’s why I have come. “那就是我为什么来了”。

My opinion is that things will improve. “我的意见是事情会好起来的”。

One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out.

“太阳能的一个优点是永远也不会枯竭”。

The truth is that he didn’t really try. “实际情况是他没有真正努力”。

〖翻译尝试〗

1 问题是谁来付帐、我们又何时开始。

The problem is .

2 事实是他注意到车时已经太晚了。

The fact is .

3 使我感到吃惊的是他英语讲得那么好。

was .

4 我能说的就是我与此事没有关系。

All I can say is .

5 我想知道的是我们要去什么地方以及她是否加入我们。

is .

（二）表语从句还可由as if （好像）引导。

It looked as if it was/were going to rain. （虚拟语气）

〖翻译练习〗

6这就是她昨天请一天假的原因。

. 7我的想法是，个人的权利应该得到充分尊重。

. 8问题在于上帝是否真的存在。

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. 9我想知道的是，他是如何在这么短的时间内完成这个项目的。

.

五、形容词后的that 从句（宾语从句）

that 引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。

I am sure/certain that he’s at home now. “我肯定他现在在家”。

He became angry that you made the same mistake. “你犯了同样的错误，他生气了”。He remains confident that he will win. “他仍然自信他会赢”。

She is aware that I can’t help her. “她知道我帮不了她的忙”。

I am glad that you’ve come. “你来了我很高兴”。

He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “no”. “我说不，他似乎很吃惊”。

I am afraid that I can’t promise you anything. “恐怕我不能向你保证什么”。

We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday.

“昨天你没能来我们有点失望”。

I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it. “我有点担心她做不成这件事情”。

六、what 从句的小结

1．意思是“所….的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that…, 或those which…

可以用于以下情况：

(1)引导主语从句。如：

What she saw frightened her. “她看到的事情吓了她一跳”。

What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.

“曾经被认为不可能的事情，现在已经变成了事实”。

What I’m afraid of is their taking him to that place. “我怕的是他们带他到那地方去”。

What we are worrying about is just her innocence. “我们担心的是她的幼稚”。

But what hurt our feelings most was the personal comment of the judge.

“最伤我们感情的是法官的私下评论”。

What will be, will be. “要发生的事总是要发生的”。（谚语）What is gone is gone.

“过去的事就过去了”。

(2)引导表语从句。如：

That’s what I hope. “那就是我希望的”。

I should like to be a teacher. That’s what I want to be. “我想当老师，那是我想干的事”。

Times are not what they used to be. “时代不同了”。

He’s not what he was a few years ago. “他不是几年前的他了”。

Your health is not what it ought to be. “你的身体应该更好”。

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人

(3)引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语。如：

He could not express what he felt. 他不能表达他的感受。

Well, I’ll do what I can. 好吧，我尽力。

I can’t do what you’ve just asked of me. 我不能做你刚才要求我的事。

And having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away.

得到了他要的东西，他拿上帽子就走了。

As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作为你的朋友，我想告诉你我所听到的。

The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父亲开始批评男孩所做的事。（注意时态）She was not happy at what he had said. 她对他说的话不高兴。

〖翻译尝试〗

1不要多管闲事。

Don’t poke your nose into .

2 这座城市和十年前不同了。

The city is different from .

3 和现在比起来，它那时候是个小地方。

It was a small place then compared to .

4 我不在乎金钱或者别人所谓的地位。

I don’t care about money or .

5 Philip 经历过的事情使他很消沉。

Philip was depressed by .

6 他们能挣来的东西，百分之五十交给了国家。

They paid fifty percent of to the state.

2．用作插入语，指代后面的成分。

这和非限定性定语从句正好相反，非限定性定语从句指代的是前面的成分。如：1后来我发现，他妻子原来是Mary的侄女，这对我是个新闻。

Then I discovered, what was news to me, that his wife was Mary’s niece.

2他从来不参加男孩子通常做的体育活动，更奇怪的是，他从来不坐船出去到河上面去。

He never joined in the usual sports of the boys, and, what is remarkable, never went out in

a boat on the river.

3他讲话生动有趣，更重要的是，他对课题了如指掌。

He’s an interesting speaker, and, what is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly.

4他去参加了会议，而且更糟糕的是，他坚持要发言。

He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking.

5这是本很有用的书，再说也不贵。

It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one.

6你怪不着别人，只能怪你自己；还有，你得不到任何人的同情。

You’ll have nobody but yourself to blame, and, what’s more, you’ll get no sympathy from anybody.

7我们请到了一位新的发言人，而且他很乐意来。

We invited a new speaker and, what’s more, he was happy to come.

3．引导让步状语从句，等于“不管什么…”。注意状语从句的语序。

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人状语从句把实义动词放在句首，句子倒装。

1 不管她会做什么，她都编不出不去的理由。

Do what she would, she could not invent a reason for not going.

＝No matter what she would do, …

2 无论怎样，你都要保守秘密。

Come what may, you’ll always keep it secret. ＝No matter what may come, ….

3 Jack已经拿定主意，无论如何他也要呆在那里。

Jack has made up his mind that, come what might, he would stay there.

＝…no matter what might come, …

4 不管他怎么说，内心里他知道自己错了。

Say what he will, in his heart he knows that he is wrong. = No matter what he will say, …

【堂练巩固】

（）86. He gave me a suggestion that I _______ calm now.

A. was

B. is

C. am

D. be

（）87. I‘m busy now. I‘m sorry I can‘t help _____ the flowers.

A. watering

B. watered

C. waters

D. water

（）88. ______ ugly, these chocolate cookies don‘t sell well even though they taste good.

A. Looked

B. Looking

C. Being looked

D. To look

（）89. As is recorded in history, silkworms (蚕) were first raised by a woman

in ______ is today Hebei Province.

A. where

B. the place

C. what

D. which

（）90. I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

（）91. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for he thought was not enough.

A. where

B. how

C. what

D. which

（）92. Could it be in the room we had a talk last night you left your keys?

A. that; where

B. in which; where

C. where; that

D. where; where

（）93. ---What are you doing here?

--- Oh, I work here now.---

A. You what?

B. So what？

C. What for?

D. What‘s up?

（）94. Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, they lost the game.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. why

（）95 A few yards down Colson Street, she caught sight of a figure _______ in the opposite direction.

A. to hurry

B. to be hurrying

C. hurrying

D. having hurried

（）96. From mum's love, patience and understanding, I have learned

what a huge responsibility _______ is to raise a child.

A. this

B. that

C. it

D. one

（）97. Human beings are different from animals _____ they can use language as a tool to communicate.

A. in that

B. for that

C. in which

D. for which

（）98. I don‘t know if she ____, but if she ____ I will let you know.

A. comes; comes

B. will come; will come

C. comes; will come

D. will come; comes

（）99. He said ___ he had eaten nothing but ____ he was not hungry.

A. that;/

B. /; that

C. /;/

D. what; what

（）100. I am sorry I‘m not _____ a position to help you r ight now.

A. in

B. on

C. after

D. For

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人

【课后作业】

（）1．____he does has nothing to do with me.

A. whatever

B. No matter what

C. That

D. If

（）2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____.

A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about

C. had the quarrel come about

D. had the quarrel come about

（）3. Energy is ____makes thing work.

A. what

B. something

C. anything

D. that

（）4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. as

（）5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.

A. there

B. in which

C. where

D. when

（）6. They have no idea at all____.

A. where he has gone

B. where did he go

C. which place has he gone

D. where has he gone

（）7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient‘s fear ____he would die of the disease.

A. that

B. which

C. of which

D. of that

（）8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.

A. that ;had to leave

B. that; should leave

C. /; must leave

D. when; should leave

（）9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.

A. There; that

B. It; that

C. there; whether

D. It; whether

（）10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.

A. that

B. which

C. whether

D. if

（）11. Is _____he said really true?

A. that

B. what

C. why

D. whether

（）12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn‘t matter.

A. That

B. Whether

C. If

D. Where

（）13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.

A. while

B. if

C. that

D. for

（）14. _____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.

A. Whether

B. This

C. who

D. If

（）15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.

A. What

B. That

C. Whether

D. If

（）16. ____you don‘t like him is none of my business.

A. What

B. That

C. Who

D. How

（）17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.

A. What; what

B. That; that

C. what; that

D. That ; what

（）18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.

A. What

B. It

C. All that

D. That

（）19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.

A. believed

B. think

C. say

D. hoped

（）20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What

B. That

C. How

D. Where

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人

（）21. ____he always serves the people very well is known.

A. What

B. That

C. Which

D. Who

（）22.____has passed the test will get a prize .

A. Whoever

B. No mater who

C. Whomever

D. Who

（）23.Is____ true that the famous scientist will give us a lecture next week?

A that

B it

C his

D he

（）24.It has not been decided ___ they will leave for New York.

A. when B why C that D what

（）25. Obviously___ we do morning exercises every day ___ us good.

A. that do

B. if; do C what; does D. that; does

（）26 It is said____ ____ was all ___ he said.

A that; that; that

B what; what; what

C that; which; what

D that; that; which

（）27___ gets home first is to cook the supper.

A. Who B Whom C. Those who D. Whoever

（）28___ moved us most was___ he looked after the old man for more than twenty years.

A. That; that

B. What; that C What; what D. That; what

（）29.___ you did it is not known to all.

A. Who

B. What

C. How

D. Which

（）30.___ you do should be well done.

A How B. That C. Whatever D Why

（）31. The reason I plan to go is___ she will be disappointed if I don‘t.

A. because

B. that

C. thanks to

D. what

（）32. What time do you think__?

A. will Tom come back

B. Tom will come back

C. is Tom coming back

D. can Tom get here

（）33. The teacher said that light___ faster than sound.

A. has traveled

B. traveled

C. had traveled

D. travels

（）34..___ is still a question___ will win.

A. It; that

B. It; who

C. That; who

D. This; that

（）35. If you know___ it was that write A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand.

A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. that

（）36. In some countries,___ are called ―public schools‖ are not owned by the state.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. what

（）37. Thinking___ you know___ in fact you don‘t is a terrible mistake.

A. that; that

B. what; what

C. that; what

D. what that

（）38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just___ worries the public.

A. why

B. which

C. that

D. what

（）39. Why don‘t you bring___ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?

A. that

B. what

C. that

D. it

（）40.___ David says sounds right to Helen. That‘s why she has made up her mind to leave with him___ happens.

A. whatever; whatever

B. No matter what; whatever

C. No matter what; No matter what

D. Whatever; however

B

Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later st arters are often long listeners .Most children will ―obey‖ spoken instructions

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人

some time before they can speak, though the word ―obey‖ is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child .Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.

Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can‘t be said to show the baby‘s intention to communicate ,they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（模仿）leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of ―mama‖ as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds .

（）5.Before children start speaking________.

A.they need equal amount of listening

B.they need different amounts of listening

C.they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions

D.they can‘t understand and obey the adult‘s oral instructions

（）6.Children who start speaking late ________.

A.may have problems with their listening

B.probably do not hear enough language spoken around them

3c4c577d1711cc7931b7165bually pay close attention to what they hear

D.often take a long time in learning to listen properly

（）7.A baby‘s first noises are ________.

A.an expression of his moods and feelings

B.an early form of language

C.a sign that he means to tell you something

D.an imitation of the speech of adults

（）8.The problem of deciding at what point a baby‘s imitati ons can be considered as speech________.

A.is important because words have different meanings for different people

B.is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually

C.is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age

D.is one that should be completely ignored（忽略）because children‘s use of words is often meaningless （）9.The speaker implies________.

A.parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds

B.children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak

C.children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

D.even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating

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专题二——阅读理解高分技巧

一、常见题型分析

(一)主旨大意题

主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。

常见的命题方式：

What is the main idea of this passage?

What dose this passage mainly concern?

The main theme of this passage is_____________

The main point of the passage is___________

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______

The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____

Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况：

1 主题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。

2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。

3.主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、说明或发展。

5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，读者要把所有已知的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。

【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.

Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。

……

Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year。

Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. (2008·安徽卷)

This passage is mainly about ________。

A. energy-saving tips

B. fuel-saving tips

C. do-it-yourself tips

D. environment-protecting tips

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人【解析】本文主要介绍了。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选。针对主旨大意类题目，应采用快速阅读法(Skimming)浏览全文。在阅读时，应特别注意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。

【典例2】 Domestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren’t tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today。

Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication。

……

The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, horse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pull ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations living in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportation helped cultures spread around the world. (2008·北京卷) The passage is mainly about _______。

A. why humans domesticated horses

B. how humans and horses needed each other

C. why horses came in different shapes and sizes

D. how human societies and horses influenced each other

【解析】本文以时间为顺序，记叙了人类对马的驯化以及马对人类的生活所产生的重要影响。本题考查主旨大意。前四段说明，人类驯养了野马，使得马的种类繁多，这是人类社会对马的影响；最后一段说明，马作为交通工具加速了人类文化传播的进程。故文章的主题应是所说的内容。此主题句出现在文章的最后一段。如果文章没有明确的主题句，文章的中心思想往往包含在各个段落中，考生可采取提纲挈领的方法，通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来，概括出全文的中心思想。

选择标题属主旨大意题，是阅读理解题常考的题型之一。那么怎么样选择文章的标题？选择文章标题属深层次理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者写作意图，在此基础上，所选出的标题还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。

1。概括性原则

要求标题应在最大限度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨。标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式。前面我们提到，通过寻找主题句，往往很容易确定短文的标题。但大多数文章的主题句并不明显，需要我们通过体会字里行间蕴含的意思从整体上把握文章的主旨，从全局的角度概括归纳出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。

2。针对性原则

针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括文章的主要内容。但如果标题过大，就违背了针对性原则、针对性原则要求标题不能太过于概括，而是要直接指向文章的主旨。即标题不能太大也不能太小。要量体裁衣，大小适度。

3。醒目性原则

标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。标题的好坏往往会影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满足概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。

(二)推理判断题

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题在阅读中属于难度较高的题型，通常占总题数的15%－30%。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理题有逻辑推理，知识推理等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate, conclude, learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, might, may等。

常见的命题方式：

From paragraph one we can infer that_________

What can be inferred from the passage?

We can infer from the text that…?

What can we learn from…?

We can conclude from the passage that_______

The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that______

The author implies that_______

This passage would most likely be found in______

The author’s attitude toward…is_________?

推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。

(1)要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；

(2)要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全；

(3)要忠实于原文，不能主观臆想，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；

(4)要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

【典例1】

Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark(鲨鱼)。

Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms。

Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure。

If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather。

…

It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system。

At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology。

In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts。

She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. (2008·天津卷)

1 The passage is most probably taken from _____。

A. a short-story collection

B. a popular science magazine

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人

C. a research paper

D. a personal diary

2 What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?

A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather。

B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled。

C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job。

D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster。

如：Mary is due to leave at two o’clock。

【解析】本文为科普类文章，介绍了一位英国生物系学生对于鲨鱼来预测暴风雨的研究。

1. 推理判断题。本题适宜用排除法。由文章内容来看这是一篇科普文，可删除，由文章的语言来看，并未出现大量的专业术语，可删除 .

2. 推理判断题。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表达的含义为If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of Sharks to predict bad weather。(科学家们可以通过监视鲨鱼的行为来预测不好的天气”。故项正确。细节推断题要求学生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。

【典例2】

It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, carrier, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him。

Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday。”Memories fleshed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days。

…

Inside he found these words carved: “Jack. Thanks for your time! Harold Belser。”

“Oh. My God! This is the thing he valued most …”

Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two days. “Why?” his assistant asked。

“I need some time to spend with my son,” he said. (2008·江苏卷)

Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?

A. He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest。

B. He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son。

C. He had missed his son and his family for days。

D. He came to realize the importance of the time with his family。

【解析】本文属于记叙文，文章由邻居之死而引出一个不容忽视的社会主题：友情、亲情才是最重要的。推理判断题，由文中可知Belser的遗言对Jack触动很大，同时也使他开始领悟到：只有亲人、朋友才是生活中最重要的。因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致该结果产生的可能原因，考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。回答推理判断题的试题时，考生一定要牢记，能够直接从文中找到的选项不是正确选项，因为与原文一样的句子不叫推理。只有那些没有在文中直接出现，但根据文中的信息经过推断可以得出的才是符合题意的正确选项。

【典例3】

As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend’s house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, he’s out in the woods, ” with a tone(语气) of airy acceptance.

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It’s similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone I’m looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his desk。” For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while。

…

It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. (2008·天津卷)

How does the author feel about his childhood?

A. Happy but short.

B. Lonely but memorable。

C. Boring and meaningless.

D. Long and unforgettable。

【解析】本文描述了小时侯玩耍的“树林”对与“我”和朋友们的意义。主要讲述了我们在“树林”中所从事的活动——探索，以及之后随着年龄的增长，不再去那里的过程。

选。从全文看，作者在“树林”里过的很愉快，又由最后一段可知，当我们一部分人上了七年级之后。我们在“树林”中的玩耍就结束了。很短暂。因此，正确选项为。做这一类题时一定注意：

1. 由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。

2.要特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度观点的词语和作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。

3. 能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。

(三)词义推测题

该题型主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对猜词悟义能力的考查，试题中有一到两个小题是直接考查词义猜测的。从考查内容看主要有猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代等。

常见的命题方式：

Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word…?

The word…could best be replaced by…?

In the…paragraph, the word…means(refers to)…

According to the passage,…probably means…

The authors uses the word…to mean…

The word…is most likely to mean…。

【典例1】

Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。

“I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste。”

Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits。

… (2008·广东卷)

The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means _________。

A. interest

B. distance

C. difference

D. separation

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人

【解析】本文讲述“代沟”的发展、变化。以40岁左右为分界线，之前和之后与子女间的关系在改变，虽然代沟越来越窄，但仍没有消失，家庭研究专家提醒新的平等关系也会导致子女对父母的不尊重。选。由上文中提到的“…he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager。”以及“There was just a complete gap in taste。”可知gulf应表示两代人之间关系的“代沟”。separation指“分开，分离”。猜测词义时更多用到的方法是：结合上下文的意义、线索、内在逻辑关系。一般情况下，上下文所提示的意义与所考词汇通常是同义、反义或针对性解释的关系，可直接确定词义。根据上下文意义很难作出判断的，就考虑用句法和内在逻辑方法去判断，符合句法和内在逻辑的可能为正确答案，反之则排除。

【典例2】

Dear Hamilton,

We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don’t know anyone in the office who is better liked than you。

You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees’personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral(葬礼)remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts。

It’s not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor)， but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don’t know them outside the office, who wouldn’t even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives。

This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for)， but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting。

Thank you for understanding. (2008·北京卷)

The underlined word “contributions” probably means ________。

A. money

B. suggestions

C. reports

D. understanding

【解析】这是一篇书信，作者提出办公室里存在一种不好的现象：无论有什么事，办公室里所有人都凑份子钱。作者对这种做法提出质疑，说这种风气不好，并希望收信人能够关注此事。选。第二段说凑份子是为了买礼物庆祝职员个人生活中的大事，比如婚礼，葬礼等。结合选项判断，画线部分的contributions指money。做题时，首先要仔细看单词来确定词性，是名词、动词、形容词还是副词，(如上面的高考题中的contributions，根据-tion我们可以推知该词应该是名词)；然后好好研究含有生词的从句或句子与其他的句子或段落之间的关系，或跟相邻单词或句子的关系，它们之间可能出现因果、比较、时间、例证等关系，有时候标点符号也可以提供线索。最后还要根据上下文检测猜测结果的正确性。

(四)细节理解题

细节理解题在高考阅读理解题中占有相当大的比例。从全国各地的试题来看，细节理解题占全部阅读理解题的50%还多。细节理解题一般是根据短文提供的信息和事实提问的。细节题可分为两种类型：一种是答案几乎可以直接出短文中获得，正确答案和原文中含相关信息的句子也几乎相同；另一种细节题要复杂一些，有时在原文中找不到同正确选项相近的词，正确答案可能是原文某一事实的结果、原因、前提等。细节理解题的特点是：要选择的答案一定要在短文中找到相关的词、短语、句子或段落。选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息，而绝不是根据自己的主观假设或推测或是自己的观点来决定。在阅读过程中对一些涉及到who, what, when, where, how, why等常考的细节内容做适当标记，以便于解题时迅速、准确的查找。

常见的命题方式：

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第课时总第课时授课时间授课班级授课人According to the author, who/what/when/ where/which/why/how…?

Which of the following statements is true/not true?

The statement made by the author is based on the evidence/example/fact that_____

Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text?

The author states all of the following EXCEPT_________

当问题中含有not,except,but等表示否定、排除等意义的词时，需要进行逆向思维。因此，一定要保持思维清晰、认真审题，不要武断。

【典例1】

Despite the fact that it has never been seen almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn(独角兽). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn--- the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn。

According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree。

… (2008·江西卷)

1 Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn?

A. It was not historically recorded

B. Its horn was first used in France

C. It was similar to the Indian Ass and the Oryx

D. It could be the symbol of a university

2 To catch a unicorn, the unicorn-trappers had to try all of the following EXCEPT ____。

A. tempting the unicorn to attack

B. making use of the tree as a protection

C. hiding quickly behind the unicorn

D. having the unicorn horn stuck in the tree

【解析】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了传说中的独角兽，如何捕捉，以及独角兽角的用途等。

1.细节理解题。项错误是因为与第一段第二句不吻合；项错误是因为与第三段中的事实不符，文中只提到了the French court用了unicornhorn，时间是the French Revolution in 1789，并未说这是第一次使用；项错在与第一段不符，文中只提到了Aristotle的理论阐述，并没有说人们对the Indian Ass和the Oryx熟悉；项与第一段倒数第二句内容吻合。

对细节考查通常涉及一些长难句，对此，不要惊慌，首先判断是简单句还是复合句，若是简单句，先找句子的主、谓、宾，理解其主要意义，再加附属成分的意义。若是复合句，先判断从句，再分析各自的意义，最后联合整句意义。

对于细节理解题要认真，周全考虑方能选取正确答案。这种题的正确选项往往是原文意义的不同表现形式。干扰项常是以下几种情况：选项本身正确，但不符合题干要求；选项本身错误或原文根本没有提到；选项中含有原文信息，但其中个别词描述的不准确，这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要十分注意。

2. 细节理解题。项正确是因为与第二段中提到的the hunter的诱捕行为吻合，即stand in front of a tree来引诱unicorn的攻击，其目的就是catch a unicorn；项正确是因为 the hunter 引诱unicorn来攻击而后move quickly behind it(the tree)，其目的就是利用the tree作为掩护，而不是躲到unicorn的后面，所以项错误；项正确是因为与第二段最后一句吻合。

问题中有时含有NOT，EXCEPT，BUT等表示否定、排除等意义的词语，需要进行逆向思维。因此，一定要保持思维清晰，认真审题，不宜匆忙武断。

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