全新版综合教程 B3U2

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Unit 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Text A The Freedom Givers

In 2004 a center in honor of the “underground railroad” opens in Cincinnati. The railroad was unusual. It sold no tickets and had no trains. Yet it carried thousands of passengers to the destination of their dreams.

Ⅰ.Teaching Objectives

Students will be able to:

1. grasp the main idea (early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the Underground

Railroad );

2. learn to use library resources and other resources for information. 3. grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text:

4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the

theme of the unit.

Ⅱ. Before Reading

1. English Song-Abraham, Martin &John.

Think While Listening

Listen to the song Abraham, Martin & John, sung by Dion, and think about the following questions

1) A few names are mentioned in this song. Can you make out whom these people are?

Clues: They are all Americans. All died young. They freed a lot of people.

They are Abraham Lincoln, John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King and Robber Kennedy.

2) Do you know why they all died young? 3) Whom did they free? Read the Script of Song Abram, Martin & John Has anybody here,

Seen my old friend Abraham, Can you tell me, where he’s gone, He freed a lotta people

But it seems the good die young, I just looked around,

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And he’s gone,

Has anybody here, Seen my old friend John

Can you tell me, where he’s gone, He freed a lotta people

But it seems the good die young, I just looked around, And he’s gone,

Has anybody here,

Seen my old friend Martin

Can you tell me, where he’s gone, He freed a lotta people

But it seems the good die young, I just looked around, And he’s gone,

Didn’t you love the things they stood for,

Didn’t they try to find some good for you and me, And we’ll be free,

Someday soon it’s gonna be one day. Has anybody here,

Seen my old friend Bobby,

Can you tell me, where he’s gone.

I thought I saw him walkin’up over the hill, With Abraham, Martin and John People in the Song 1) Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the US. As President, hi issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy. During the Civil War Lincoln stated most movingly in dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg: ― that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-- that his nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.‖ On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated At Ford’s Theatre in Washington by Jon Wilkes Booth, an actor, who somehow thought he was helping the South. The opposite was the result, for with Lincoln’s death, the possibility of peace

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died.

2) John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the thirty-fifth president of the US. In his inaugural Address he said : ― Ask not what our country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country,‖ As President, he took vigorous action in the cause of equal rights calling for new civil rights legislation. On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, John F. Kennedy was killed by an assassin’s bullets as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas, Kennedy was the youngest man elected President; he was the youngest to die. 3) Martin Luther King

Dr. King was a pivotal figure in the Civil Rights Movement. His lectures and dialogues stirred the concern and sparked the conscience of a generation. In one of his speeches, he said, ― I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character, I have a dream today. I have a dream that… one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with the little white boys and white girls as sisters and brother., I have a dream today,‖

Dr, King was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968. Dr, King was in Memphis to help lead sanitation workers in a protest against low wages and intolerable working conditions.

4) Bobby Kennedy, or Robert F. Kennedy

He was the brother of President John F. Kennedy. He was appointed attorney general of the United States in the early 1960s. In September 1962, Attorney General Kennedy enforced a Federal court order admitting the first African American student--James Meredith—to the University of Mississippi. The riot that had followed Meredith’s Registration had left two dead and hundreds injured. Robber Kennedy saw voting as the key to racial justice and collaborated with President Kennedy when he proposed the most far –reaching civil rights statute since Reconstruction, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, passed after President Kennedy was slain on November 22, 1963. Robert Francis Kennedy was slain on June 5, 1968 at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California. He was 42 years old, although his life was cut short. Robert Kennedy’s vision and ideals live on today.

2. Text Prediction

Read the introductory part of the text and think about the following questions.

In 2004 a center in honor of the ―underground railroad‖ opens in Cincinnati. The railroad was unusual. It sold no tickets and had no trains. Yet it carried

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thousands of passengers to the destination of their dreams. 1) What is an underground railroad in the normal senses? 2) What is this underground railroad special for? 3) Can you imagine what this railroad was built for? 4) What probably are the dreams of the passengers? 5) What probably is the destination of their dreams? 6) What is the text probably about? Background information Map reading:

Read the following three maps and answer the following questions. (omit)

Find the following states:

Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia.

Which part do these states belong to, the Northern States or the Southern States? Which states are most densely populated with slaves? Where did most slaves want to go?

3.

1)

2) 3)

Timeline of Slavery 1619—Slaves in Virginia Africans brought to Jamestown are the first slaves imported into Britain’s North American colonies.

1705—Slaves as Property Describing slaves as real estate, Virginia lawmakers allow owners to bequeath their slaves. The same law allowed masters to ―kill and destroy‖ runaways. 1775—American Revolution Begins

Battles at the Massachusetts towns of Lexington and Concord on April 19 spark the war for American independence from Britain. 1776—Declaration of Independence The Continental Congress asserts ―that these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States‖. 1783—American Revolution Ends

Britain and the infant United States sign the Peace of Paris treat. 1808—United Sates Bans Slave Trade Importing African slaves is outlawed, but smuggling continues. 1860—Abraham Lincoln Elected Abraham Lincoln of Illinois becomes the first Republican to win the Unites States Presidency.

1861—1865 United States Civil War Four years of brutal conflict claim 623,000 lives.

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1863—Emancipation Proclamation President Abraham Lincoln decrees that all slaves in Rebel territory are free on January 1, 1863.

1865—Slavery Abolished The 13th amendment to the United States Constitution outlaws slavery.

The Underground Railroad 1) General Information

The Underground Railroad was not underground. Because escaping slaves and the people who helped them are technically breaking the law, they had to stay out of sight. They went underground‖ in terms of concealing their actions. Sometimes they even hid in unusual places.

Many clever and creative ideas helped slaves during their escape. When abolitionist Jon Fairfield needed to sneak 28 slaves over the road s near Cincinnati, he hired a hearse and disguised the group as a funeral procession.

Henry ―Box‖ Brown, a slave, had himself shipped form Richmond to Philadelphia in a wooden box. 2) Routes to Freedom

The routes the slaves traveled appear in this map. The trip is 560 miles (900kilometers) long.

A strong, lucky runaway might have made it to freedom in two months. For others, especially in bad weather, the trek might have lasted a year.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom’s Cabin, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, is one of the most famous and popular pieces of Civil War literature. Drawn form selected pieces of real life anecdotes; Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a book that drew many people into the fight over the institution of slavery. Northerners hailed the book, while southern slaveholders abhorred it.

Ⅲ. Global Reading

1. True or False

1) Just like Uncle Tom in Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Josiah Henson was a long-suffering slave who was unwilling to stand up for himself. (F)

According to Barbara Carter, Josiah Henson was a man of principle and totally different form, Uncle Tom.

2) All the men and women who forged the Underground Railroad were blacks. (F)

Some whites were driven by religious convictions and took part in this movement.

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3) These railroad conductors were frequently faced with death threats and warnings from the local government. (T)

4) Many fugitives chose Canada as their primary destination because slavery had been abolished there. (T)

2. Part division of the text Parts Lines Main ideas Part I 1-31 It is hight time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America. Part II 32-114 By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom.

3. Further Understanding

For Part I Questions and answers 1) Both Josiah Henson and Uncle Tom were slaves. But in the eyes of Barbara Carter, they were different. In what way was Josiah Henson different form Uncle Tom?

Uncle Tom was an enduring slave and unwilling to struggle for himself, while Josiah Henson did what he believed was right and took an active part in the anti-slavery movement.

2) Why was Henson called an African-American Moses?

In the Bible, Moses was the leader who brought the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and led them to the Promised Land. Just like Moses, Henson helped hundreds of slaves to escape to Canada and liberty, so he was called an African –American Moses.

3) What was the Underground Railroad? Who forged it?

The Underground Railroad was a secret way of escape route and safe housed. Many men and woman, including both the blacks and whites, together forged it.

4) Why does the author want to tell the readers the stories of the heroes of the Underground Railroad?

Because most of them remain too little remembered and their exploits are still largely unsung.

For Part Two Text Analysis In this part, the author tells the stories of three civil-rights heroes. Who are they? Give the main idea of each story.

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Stories Heroes Lines 1 John 32-57 Parker 2 Main Ideas After winning his own freedom from slavery. John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom. Levi 58-86 Supported by a strong religious conciction, the Coffin white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escpape at huge risk. Josiah 87-114 By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson Henson reached his destination and became free at last. 3 Ⅳ. Detailed Reading

Important words and phrases:

Part One (para.1-5)

1. (L.1)breeze : n. a gentle wind. 微风

---A gentle breeze blew over the garden. ---凉爽清新的微风。 ---a cool, refreshing breeze

N.B. All of the following words are related to wind. Can you match them with their definitions? a strong, abrupt rush of wind gust gale hurricane tornado a very strong wind a severe tropical cyclone, usu. Involving heavy rains a rotating column of air 2. (L.2)slender : adj. 苗条的，细长的 1) (of people) slim; not very wide but comparatively long or high ---slender fingers ---a slender waist

---有苗条身材的女子。

a woman with a slender figure 2) (of things)slight; inadequate ---a slender income ---渺茫的希望 ---slender hopes

CF : slender, thin & slim

这几个词都有细小，瘦弱之意

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slender 主要表示苗条之瘦，往往含有瘦得好看或匀称的意思。例如： ---Film actress Zhang Ziyi is a slender woman. 电影演员章子仪身材苗条。

---When the wind blows, the slender tree bends but never breaks. 起风时，这颗细长的树常弯曲但决不会断。 thin 表示人或物的直径与长度的比例较小。例如 ---People usually get thinner after an illness. ---生病后,人们通常变得瘦一些。

---This metal may be thin but is of great strength. ---这种金属虽然很薄，但强度却很高。

slim 用于指人与动物时，其含义与slender 相同，但在引申意义上却

侧重于贫乏和不足状态。

---As a slim boy, he has now filled out. 他原是一个清瘦的男孩，现在胖多了

---To tell you the truth, your chances to pass the exam are too slim. 实话告诉你，你考试过关的希望实在是太小了。

3. (L.12) racial : adj. relating to a person’s race, or to different races of people.

种族的

---There is a serious racial conflict in that African country. ---他是种族歧视的牺牲者。

He was a victim of racial discrimination.

4. (L.13) stand up for : speak, work etc. in favor of sb./sth.; support sb./sth.

--- Don’t be afraid to stand up for your rights.支持 ---我所有的朋友都会支持我。

---All my friends will stand up for me. Stand up to: 勇敢地面对；经得起 ---A soldier must stand up to the danger. ---你的论点根本经不起仔细检查。

---Your argument just won’t stand up to close scrutiny. 5. (L.14) Josiah Henson was a man of principle :

Josiah Henson observed/followed moral principles.

6. (L.14) principle : a rule or standard, especially of good behavior 原则

---She was a woman of principle.

---I usually follow the principle that it is better not to get involved in other people’s quarrels.

---我们恪守对大家都一视同仁得原则。

We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly. Collocations:

against one’s principle 违反原则

as a matter of principle 作为原则得问题

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by principle 按照原则，根据原则 of principle 有原则的 adhere to one’s principles 坚持原则 abandon one’s principles 抛弃原则

7 (L.15~17)I had traveled here to Henson’s last home—now a historic site that

Carter formerly directed—to learn more about a man who was, in many ways, an African-American Moses. 1) Who was Moses?

In the Old Testament, Moses was the Hebrew prophet and lawgiver who led the Israelites out of Egypt.

2) Why was Henson called an African-American Moses?

Henson, a black who lived in America, helped other blacks escape from the US.

8 (L.15) historic: adj. famous or important in history

历史上有名或有重要意义的

--- a historic spot

--- 两位领导人具有历史意义的会见。

---A historic meeting between the two leaders. CF: historic& historical

这两个词都是形容词，都有“历史上的”之意。 Historic泛指历史上有名的或富有历史意义的。例如： ---This change in government is a historic event of our times. ---这项政府变革是当代具有历史意义的大事。

---The signing of the Declaration of Independence was a historic occasion. ---《独立宣言》的签署是具有历史意义的事件。

Historical 主要意思是属于历史的，历史上的，与历史有关的，真实的而不是传说中的。例如：

---He gave all his historical papers to the library. ---他把他所有的历史资料都赠送给这个图书馆。 ---There is a historical society in our university. ---我们大学有一个历史研究所。

9. (L.15)site: n. place where a building, town, etc. ws, is or will be situated

---The site for the new factory has not been decided. 地方，位置；遗址 ---一所新的学校占据了工厂的旧址。

---A new school occupies the site of the old factory. Collocation:

a historic site 历史古迹 construction sites 建筑工地 a battlefield site 战场的遗迹

10. (L.20 )mission: n. particular task or duty undertaken by an individual or a

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group.特殊使命，任务 ---Mission accomplished.

---代表团成功地完成了使命。

---The delegation completed its mission successfully. ---炸毁那座桥梁的任务未能完成。

The mission to blow up the bridge failed. Collocation:

Carry out/perform a mission 执行使命 Fulfill a mission 完成使命 Cancel a mission 取消一项任务

11 (L.20~22) Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men

and women who together forged the Underground Railroad. What is the part of speech of but in this sentence? And what does but mean?

Here but is an adverb, which means ―only‖. 12 (L.22) forge: v..（靠艰苦工作）建立

1) create by means of much hard work.

---Their friendship was forged by shared adversity. ---They forged links with the French Communist Party. 2) make a forgery or counterfeit

---He got the money dishonestly, by forging his brother’s signature on a check. 伪造签名。

Forge a signature.

13 (L.22) web: n. network of fine threads spun by a spider or some other spinning

creature; complex series or network.网状物 ---The spider is spinning a web. ---铁路网

a web railroads ---电话线网络

a web of telephone wires

14 (L.23)liberate: vt. Set free解放 Pattern: liberate sb. from sth. --- liberate people from poverty --- liberate sb. from economic worry ---解除心中偏见

liberate the mind from prejudice

---把一个国家从军事控制中解放出来。 liberate a country from a military control.

15 (L.26 )authorize: vt. Give approval or permission for (sth.); give authority to批

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