2018年青岛大学外语学院808英语综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题

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目录

2018年青岛大学外语学院808英语综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（一） (2)

2018年青岛大学外语学院808英语综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（二） (17)

2018年青岛大学外语学院808英语综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（三） (28)

2018年青岛大学外语学院808英语综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（四） (36)

2018年青岛大学外语学院808英语综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（五） (45)

专注考研专业课13年，提供海量考研优质文档！

第 2 页，共 52 页 2018年青岛大学外语学院808英语综合之语言学教程考研强化五套模拟题（一） 说明：根据本校该考试科目历年考研命题规律，结合出题侧重点和难度，精心整理编写。考研强化检测使用。共五套强化模拟题，均含有详细答案解析，考研强化复习必备精品资料。

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一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms

1． Interlanguage

【答案】 It refers to the type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language. It?s a language system between the target language and the learner?s native language , and imperfect compared with the target language , but not mere translation from the learner^ native language. For example , when the Chinese student is learning English , he may make errors like “to touch the society”.

2． cohort model

【答案】 The cohort model is a supposed doctrine dealing with the spoken word recognition postulated by Marslen-Wilson and Welsh in 1990. It is suggested that the first few phonemes of a spoken word activate a set or cohort of word candidates that are consistent with the input. These candidates compete with one another for activation. As more acoustic input is analyzed , candidates that are no longer consistent with the input drop out of the set. This process continues until only one word candidate matches the input- the best fitting word may be chosen if no single candidate is a clear winner.

3． Hyponymy

【答案】

Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general , more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordiante , and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example , the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.

4． Idiolect

【答案】 Just as every speech community has a dialect , every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called “idiolect”

5． Applied linguistics

【答案】 It is a branch of linguistics which studies the application of linguistics in reality. For example , there are studies on multilingualism , language acquisition , first and second language teaching and learning.

6． Textual function

【答案】 Textual function : The textual function is one of the three meta-functions language is composed of. It refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living message different from a random list of sentences.

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第 3 页，共 52 页 7． CMC

【答案】 It is computer-mediated communication , distinguished by its focus on language and language use in computer networked environments , and by its use of methods of discourse analysis to address that focus.

8． Conversational implicature

【答案】 Conversational implicature refers to a type of implied meaning , which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context , under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. For example , the implicature of He is a tiger could probably be he has some characteristics of a tiger.

9． Foregrounding

【答案】 This term is meant for what is unusual , attractive , unconventional , salient. In literature , foregrounding is often achieved through unconventional expressions which attract the readers9 attention. The main manifestations of foregrounding are deviation and parallelism.

10．grammatical word

【答案】 It refers to those which mainly work for constructing group , phrase , clause , clause complex , or even text , such as , conjunctions , prepositions , articles , and pronouns. Grammatical words serve to link together different content parts. So they are also known as Function Words.

二、Short-answer-questions

11．Explain the characteristic of arbitrariness. What are the relationships between arbitrariness & onomatopoeic words and arbitrariness convention?

【答案】 Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. Onomatopoeic words are the words that sound like the sounds they describe. Only when people know the meaning can they infer that the linguistic sign is appropriate for the exact sound. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative , and conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to generation.

12．Whafs your understanding of language?

【答案】 Language is a system of vocal symbols used for human communication. Language must be a system , since elements in it are arranged according to certain rules , they cannot be combined at will. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no logic connection between the word and the thing it refers to. Language has symbolic nature : words are associated with objects , actions , ideas by convention. For all languages , the primary medium is sound , no matter how well developed are their writing system. Language is human-specific , it is very different from the communication system other forms of life possess.

13．Linguists have taken an internal and/or external focus to the study of language acquisition. What is the difference between the two?

【答案】 The difference between internal and/or external focus to the study of language acquisition.

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第 4 页，共 52 页 （1） The internal focus seeks to account for speakers9 internalized , underlying knowledge of language. The

external focus emphasizes language use , including the functions of language which are realized in learners production at different stages of development.

（2）According to the above difference , the linguist Noam Chomsky claims that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking. Originally Chomsky referred to this innate ability as Language Acquisition Device ，also known as LAD. Later Chomsky prefers this innate endowment as Universal Grammar （UG ） and holds that if children are pre-equipped with UG , then what they have to learn is the ways in which their own language makes use of these principles and the variations on those principles which may exist in the particular language they are learning.

The interaetionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops. Integrated with the innatist view , the interaetionist further claims that the modified language which is suitable for the child?s capability is crucial in his language acquisition.

14．Why is Saussure hailed as the father of modem linguistics?

【答案】 Saussure occupies such an important place in the history of linguistics that he is often described as ''father of modem linguistics”：

A. The book Course in General Linguistics （1916），which is the most important source of Saussure?s ideas , marked the beginning of modem linguistics.

B.Saussure was the first to notice the complexities of language. He believed that language is a system of signs , called conventions. He held that the sign is the union of the signifier and the signified.

C.By providing answers to questions concerning many aspects of language , Saussure made clear the object of study for linguistics as a science. His ideas on the arbitrary nature of sign , on the relational nature of linguistic units , on the distinction of langue and parole and of synchronic and diachronic linguistics , etc. pushed linguistics into a brand new stage.

15．What is assimilation? Is it similar to coarticulation? What dose it include?

【答案】 Assimilation is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighbouring sound. It is often used synonymously with coarticulation. Nasalization , dentalization and velarization are all instances of assimilation. There are two possibilities of assimilation : if a following sound is influencing a preceding sound , it is regressive assimilation ; the converse process , in which a preceding sound is influencing a following sound , is known as progressive assimilation.

16．Produce surface structures from the following deep structures without going through the process of transformations.

（1）Neg she past work last week

（2）Tag you past meet him

（3）the students I pres be+ing help the students I

（4）policemen past be+en beat John

（5）Q the professor pres be angry SOME REASON

（6）SOMEONE past be+ing be+en beat Joseph hard

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