函授考试英语习题

一、 填空。从下列方框内的词条中选择正确的单词，并根据题意填写单词正确形式。 Career various character according convince ignore energize extra championship intelligence

1. The school has received grants from the education department. 2. Perhaps there is a negative side to his r that you haven't seen yet. 3. to the Bible we are all the seed of Adam. 4. is the ability to think, reason, and understand instead of doing things automatically or by instinct.

5.The refers to the title or status of being a sports champion. 6. staff have been taken on to cover busy periods. 7.I am completely and feeling terrific. 8. The government had his views on the subject. 9. That weekend in Plattsburgh, he her to go ahead and marry Bud. 10. She is now concentrating on a as a fashion designer.

二、完形填空。

In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products 1 his competitots. He will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or 2 the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take the 3 of production into consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for 4 he believes will be a short time. However, no business person can 5 to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly 6 of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit. Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. 7 mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, 8 logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists 9 to this principle as the law of increasing costs. The reason costs rise as production goes up is 10 However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, 11 competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production If a producer needs 12 skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get 13 from other sources. This can be done by 14 higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other

factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, 15 not all land is equally fertile and not all ore(矿石)is equally rich in the mineral wanted.

1. A. to B. at C. of D. on 2. A. below B. beneath C. over D. above 3. A. price B. cost C. worth D. profit 4. A. that B. why C. what D. if 5. A. afford B. pretend C. offer D. try 6. A. sure B. afraid C. aware D. suspicious 7. A. Because B. Since C. When D. While 8. A. both B. neither C. none D. any 9. A. resort B. refer C. turn D. attend 10. A. clear B. simple C. difficult D. complex 11. A. bringing B. resulting in C. including D. carrying out 12. A. less B. numerous C. more D. many 13. A. them B. these C. it D. those 14. A. offering B. cutting C. reducing D. having 15. A. as if B. just as C. because D. while

三、阅读理解、

To Know More about Less or Less about More

Carol Numrich

1 With the emergence of the technological age, it has become increasingly difficult to be a knowledgeable person: there is just too much information to know something about everything. So what should an educated person be in the twenty-first century? It isn't always clear whether one should try to become a specialist or a generalist in today's world. Some people have focused their education on developing skills in one area~ specialists now flourish in every field of life. Inversely, others continue to pursue a well-rounded education, believing that it offers the most in life; generalists typically follow a liberal arts education but may never become experts in any field.

2 The Greek poet Archilochus had already described this difference between generalists and specialists with the metaphor, \fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.\appears to be an inordinate number of hedgehogs, people who know very little about the world, save their field of expertise. This, in fact, has been a criticism of today’ s American colleges and universities--that they are producing too many hedgehogs.

3 In the 1960s, most American colleges and universities offered a generalist approach to education. In response to student protests, universities began offering many innovative courses. For example, they added Asian Studies and African Studies to their curricula in an effort to extend

education beyond the mores of Western society. Students began \their own thing\taking courses in just about every subject imaginable, from Transcendental Meditation to Swahili storytelling. Students believed these courses enriched their minds. But as university students began to focus on more and more of these less common subject areas, critics began to abound. They believed that much of education had become useless. Employers began to make derisive comments about the quality of college graduates. As jacks-of-all-trades, they could \life but might never \many subjects, too general an approach to education, may have resulted in too little because of too much.

4 From the 1970s through the 1990s, with new technologies creating new job opportunities, an emphasis on specialization appeared in American education. More vocational courses were offered in colleges and universities, especially as computer-programming jobs became available. Business schools flourished, allowing more and more graduate students to enter fields that offered specialized jobs with high salaries, such as investment banking and stock trading. But with the media coverage of junk bond trading and the crimes committed by insider-information scoundrels on Wall Street, even the reputation of the MBA (Master in Business Administration) degree was sullied. The more narrowly focused approach to professional education also seemed to fail.

5 One of the dilemmas of the twenty-first century is whether to approach modern education in terms of the generalist or the specialist. Some universities require all students to make the generalist approach to education. Yet choosing the core courses in light of today's explosion in information and diverse multicultural student populations has not been an easy task. How does one select what it is that everyone should know? Other universities continue to tailor their courses to the more immediate professional needs of their students, appealing to the specialist approach to education. But without a core curriculum, students often lack the shared knowledge necessary to participate effectively in an integrated society.

6 A coherent vision of an educated person in the twenty-first century has yet to be defined.

I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1.Whether one should try to become a specialist or a generalist in today’ s world A) beyond doubt B) quite obvious C) not always clear D) plain and simple

2.According to the author, American colleges and universities today are producing an inordinate number of . A) jacks-of-all-trades B) artists C) critics D) experts

3.The approach to education as adopted by most American colleges and universities in the 1960s was too . A) focused B) innovative C) general D) specialized

4.The writer of this selection is the specialist approach to professional education adopted from the 1970s to the 1990s.

A) unfavorable toward B) favorable toward C) supportive of D) firmly opposed to 5.Whether to approach education in terms of the generalist or the specialist in the twenty-first century . A) is fairly easy to decide

B) is a dilemma that universities have to face

C)should be tailored to the immediate professional needs of the students

D)should consider the shared knowledge necessary to participate in an integrated society

2 Ten Secrets for Success as a College Freshman

Adapted from an essay by J. Michael Adams

1 You were a star in high school, made all the right moves, and now you think you're ready for college. Better think again. The rules are different, the expectations have changed, and the stakes are a little higher.

2 College is a rare opportunity to define yourself more fully -- even, perhaps, to redefine yourself. What do you want to be known for when you graduate? Frankly, what makes you think you are even going to graduate? Only half of those starting out as freshmen graduate in four years. I've seen high school honors students not last the fall semester. I've also seen average students graduate with a 4.0. What makes the difference? From my experience, there are 10 rules every freshman should know.

3 1) Be a warrior. Warriors are never surprised. That means listening in class, staying alert and asking questions. It means doing all the assignments on time. Go into each class expecting an unannounced quiz.

4 2) Always carry a pen and paper. You look uninterested and are ill-prepared if you walk into class without these basic tools. This seems fundamental, but one professor told me, \don't come to class on the first day with even a pencil. Most of them won't last the first two weeks. \

5 3) Recopy your class notes. You can't write as fast as professors can talk. The purpose of \will reinforce the information, fill in the blanks and reduce study time before the test. You will own the information.

6 4) Never miss a class. Woody Allen once said that 80 percent of life is just showing up. There is no substitute for presence. Ever ask someone to take notes for you? Did you ever understand them?

7 5) Master the information flow. Use devices like three-ring binders to manage class notes, assignments, readings and handouts. Or, if you prefer, record notes and file important information electronically, but organize data by class and back up everything. By keeping information well ordered, you’11 feel more in control of your world.

8 6) Highlight all dates. Time is real and can get away from you. Use wall or electronic calendars and mark when assignments are due, test dates, the night of that concert and anything else that is important and time-sensitive. Tracking time helps you pace yourself and look ahead. Never be surprised again.

9 7) Divide and conquer. Henry Ford had it right. Break major assignments into small steps. Have to read a 487-page textbook? Impossible -- especially the night before the test. Consider that a 16-week semester has five workdays per week, which totals 80 days. Eighty into 487 roughly equals six. Read about six pages a day and you are done. The same approach works on every assignment.

10 8) Give double. Don’t be a minimalist. Always give twice as much as expected. When your professor assigns a paper, you will look less than ambitious if you ask- \have to be?\content and substance than expected.

11 9) Develop a network. Nobody does it alone. Seek out others who can help you and whom you can help. The world works through networking. Create allies by giving unsolicited assistance and practice random acts of kindness. It will all come back to you.

13 When you walk into your first class, you face a new frontier -- a world full of ideas and opportunities that can last a lifetime. But you must seize them. Education is not something given to you. You must be an active participant. You must be a warrior. The choice is yours!

Comprehension Check

. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 6……. the stakes are a little higher. (Para. 1) . A) …... college tuition is a bit more expensive. B) ....... there are more temptations on college campuses.

C) …... if you fail in college (unlike high school), you risk losing more, in terms of money, future, etc.

7. College is a rare opportunity to redefine yourself. (Para. 2) A) College is an exceptionally good place to start building your career.

B) College provides you a wonderful chance to develop your true self in many ways. C) College will give you a better opportunity to examine your strengths and weaknesses. 8. Most of them won't last the first two weeks. (Para. 4)

A) Most of them will walk into class with a pencil after the first two weeks. B) Most of them will quit the class in the first two weeks.

C) Most of them won't understand what is taught in class for the first two weeks. 9……..80 percent of life is just showing up. (Para. 6)

A)…....showing up for something (e. g. , a lecture, a party, a competition, etc. ) takes up a big part of our time.

B) -.. the true meaning of life lies in showing up for something regardless of success or failure.

C) \at anything.

10. Time is real….. (Para. 8) . A) Time is not imaginary~ paying attention (or not) to it has real consequences. B) Time can be quantified, sometimes you have more, sometimes less of it. C) Time is not abstract, and it can be felt and experienced.

3. Never Let a Friend Down

Jim Hutchison

1 \to the football match this afternoon?\Bill McIntosh asked 59-year-old Royce Wedding as they drank beer at the Eureka Hotel in the Australian town of Rainbow. Royce shook his head. \

2 Bill, who was thin but strong, looking far less than his 79 years, peered outside at the heat. A light breeze was blowing from the north, making conditions perfect for the burn. But Bill felt uneasy about Royce doing the job alone. The farmer had a bad leg and walked with great difficulty.

3 The pair had been best of friends for 30 years, ever since the days when they traveled together from farm to farm in search of work. Now, living alone 12 miles east of town, Bill scraped a living hunting foxes and rabbits. Once a fortnight he went to town to buy supplies and catch up with Royce, who helped run the Wedding family's farm. \

4 The pair set off in Royce’s car. Soon they were bumping over a sandy track to the weed-choked 120-acre field. \the tow bar with a 50-foot chain. Soaking the tire with gasoline, Bill put a match to it and jumped in the car.

5 Driving slowly from the southern edge of the field, they worked their way upwind, leaving a line at burning weeds in their wake. Half way up the field, and without warning, the car pitched violently forward, plowing into a hidden bank of sand.

6 The breeze suddenly swung around to their backs and began to gather strength. Fanned to white heat, the fire line suddenly burst into a wall of flame, heading directly toward them. \out of here!\

7 Desperately he tried to back the car out of the sand bank. But the wheels only spun deeper in the soft sand.

8 Suddenly the fire was on them. Bill pushed open his door only to find himself flung through the air as, with a roar, the gasoline tank exploded and the car leapt three feet off the ground. When it crashed back down Royce found himself pinned against the steering wheel, unable to move. The car’s seats and roof were now on fire.

9 Bill lay where he fell, all the breath knocked out of him. The front of his shirt, shorts, bare arms and legs were soaked in burning gasoline. Then the sight of the car in flames brought him upright with a start. \

10 Pulling open the door, he seized Royce's arms through the smoke. \\

11 The fire bit at Bill's arms, face and legs, but he tightened his grip on Royce. \ not leaving you here. \

12 Now Bill dug his heels into the sand and pulled as hard as he could. Suddenly he fell backward. Royce was free and out of the car. As soon as he had dragged him away he patted out the flames on Royce’s body and on his own legs and arms with his bare hands.

13 Royce saw a second explosion rock the car, as it was eaten up by flames. I’d be ashes now if Bill hadn’t gotten me out, he thought. Looking down, Royce was shocked by the extent of his injuries. His stomach and left hip were covered in deep burns: Worse still, his fingers were burned completely out of shape.

14 Lying on his back, Bill was in equally bad shape. Pieces of blackened flesh and skin hung from his forearms, hands and legs.

15 Bill looked across at his friend. Reading the despair clouding Royce's face, Bill said, \help. You hang on. \he wondered how his friend was going to walk almost two miles and. get over three fences.

16 A lifetime spent around the tough people who make their home in the Australian bush had permanently fixed into Bill's soul two principles, never give up no matter how bad the odds and never let a friend down. Now, with every step sending pain piercing through every part of his body, he drew on those twin pillars of character. If I don't make it, Royce will die out there, he told himself over and over.

17 \the matter with that dog?\said Vicky Wedding, Royce's morn, peering out her window. Startled by a noise behind her, she turned to see Bill leaning against the door.

18 \19 We got caught in the fire,\down, covered him in wet towels to ease the pain of his burns, and then picked up the phone.

20 Throughout the bumpy, hour-and-a-half ride to the hospital in Horsham, neither of the two injured men spoke of their pain. \’ve gone to the football match,\keep their spirits up. Bill grinned weakly.

21 Not long after Bill found himself at Government House being presented with the Bravery Medal for his courageous rescue. But the real highlight for Bill came six months after the fire, when Royce, just out of hospital, walked into the Eureka Hotel and bought him a beer.

22 \have.\

I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

11. Bill and Royce started to travel together looking for work when . A)Bill was in his thirties B)Bill was in his sixties C)Royce was a teenager D) Royce was in his twenties

12. Bill . A)helped with the family farm

B)made money killing foxes and other wild animals C) was retired

D) took care of the Weddings

13. Danger came when the wind turned from A)north to south B)south to north C)east to west D) west to east 14. The explosion of the gasoline tank A) threw Royce from the car B)brought Bill to his senses C) blew open the car doors D)left Royce trapped

15. Bill learned to never give up and to never let a friend down from A) religion C) bushmen B)Royce D) sports

4 Finding a balance

1 I was a chubby kid who grew into overweight adult. I was constantly an teased for being heavier than the other kids, leaving me feeling shy and self-conscious. I tried several diets, but none worked, and I ended up gaining weight. Another factor contributing to my weight gain was my love for cooking, especially rich, high-fat desserts, which I enjoyed preparing and, of course, eating.

2 When I finished high school at age 18, I weighed 215 pounds. Lacking the self-confidence to go to a new, faraway school, I decided to stay close to home instead of going away to college. I continued with my unhealthful eating habits and felt more miserable as the weight came on, but I did nothing about it except buy larger plus-size clothes.

3 My turning point came 10 years later at a friend's New Year’s Eve party when I was at my all-time highest weight of 330 pounds. I caught my reflection in a mirror and the truth hit me. I was overweight and unhealthy, and unless I did something about it now, I would only get bigger and unhappier.

4 After leaving the party, I thought about my past weight-loss efforts and realized they didn't work because they required me to give up foods I loved. Then I would constantly think about food and binge, abandoning the diet altogether. If I took a common-sense approach and ate smaller portions of all foods, I would be able to satisfy my hunger and not feel deprived

5 My biggest challenge was finding a way to fit my passion for cooking into my healthier lifestyle. At first, I tried to stay away from the kitchen to prevent myself from thinking about food.

The result. Food was all I thought about. There had to be some way to combine cooking with healthful eating. I found the solution after reading several low-fat cookbooks. With some trial and error, I could modify my favorite foods and make them low in fat, yet delicious.

6 The pounds started coming off, and when I started exercising (usually cardi0 and weight training five times a week), they seemed to melt away. I didn't feel deprived, and I felt free to give my body the care and attention it deserved.

7 I lost 165 pounds over the next two years. I had many ups and downs – including plateaus -- but I was determined to stay on track. Another challenge to me was not to heat myself up if I ate something that was unhealthy and to take it as a sign to abandon my healthful habits. Instead, I vowed to start again and always keep my goal in mind.

8 Thanks to losing weight and becoming fit I am in tune with my body and myself. My dream is to help others realize the ease and benefits of low-fat cooking and eating. I've created and published a book of low-fat recipes and run workshops and seminars on healthful eating. Now that I know what I can achieve when I set my mind to it, my dreams are no longer out 0f reach. I have finally found myself.

9 Workout Schedule

Running, stair climbing, step aerobics or kickboxing- 60 minutes/5 times a week Weight training: 30 minutes/3 times a week 10 Maintenance Tips

1. Make exercise a priority. After you work out, you ~ 11 be more inclined to eat healthfully. 2. You don’t have to miss out on enjoying your favorite foods to lose weight. Just enjoy them in smaller portions.

3. Don’t beat yourself up if you slip. Get back to your regular exercise and eating program as soon as you can and forgive yourself.

11 Have you recently made fitness a priority? Comprehension Check

I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

16. What factors contributed to the narrator’s failure in losing her weight at first? A) Her unhealthy lifestyle and passion for cooking. B) Her improper cooking and unhealthy eating habits. C) Her unwillingness to abandon low-fat desserts. D) Her disinclination to exercise herself.

17. What did the narrator do as she kept on gaining weight? A) She decided to stay away from home. B) She tried a few low-fat diets.

C) She bought herself clothes of larger size

D) She could do nothing except feeling deprived and guilty.

18. The narrator's story tells us that（） A) trial and error is important in learning cooking B) it is important to have a balanced diet C) cooking by oneself will make one healthy

D) reading cookbooks will help to forma a good eating habit

19. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A) She didn't attend the New Year's Eve party because of her weight. B) Her dream of becoming a beautiful girl came true after she lost weight. C) She missed the opportunity to attend college because of her self-consciousness. D) She didn't seriously consider losing weight until she realized how fat she was. 20. It can be concluded from the passage that（） A) it is important to act upon some tips in order to keep fit B) one will live a healthy life if one cooks every day C) improper eating habits lead to gaining weight easily

D) one will feel deprived if one fails to give attention to one's body.

五 翻译 1.中翻英

1.第四类是既不聪明也不勤奋的学生。 2.他们不在乎成绩。 3.我要感谢他的帮助。 4.这座城市被几个湖所环绕。 5.她在房间里来回踱步。 2.英翻中

1.We must acknowledge the kindness she showed towards us. 2.My mother writes for the screen. 3.I had been a teacher for many years. 4.The first type are smart and diligent students. 5.We will learn the truth somehow.

六、写作、。请用英文写一篇自我介绍，字数要求：120字。

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