report4郭小明 三维图形程序设计 电子科技大学

课程名称：三维图形程序设计学 院：计算机科学与工程专 业：计算机科学与技术指导教师：曹跃学生姓名：郭小明学 号：实验成绩：日 期：实验报告 2011060100010

2013年 5 月 3

日

电 子 科 技 大 学

实 验 报 告

实验四 OpenGL纹理映射编程实验

实验室名称：A2—412 实验时间：2013.5.3

一．实验目的

1、理解OpenGL纹理映射的相关原理；

2、掌握与纹理映射相关的OpenGL API函数及其用法； 3、熟悉纹理映射设置的基本步骤。

二．实验内容

（一）编程任务1——绘制一个具有纹理和光照的房间

为在第三次实验中生成的房间（如上图）添加数字图像生成的纹理。 要求：

1、使用纹理对象；

2、墙壁、地板和天花板的数字图像生成的纹理要不相同； 3、屋内至少有一个点光源；

4、可用右键菜单交互式的开启或关闭场景光照和纹理；

5、可用右键菜单设置纹理环境（GL_REPLACE和GL_MODULATE）。分析这两种方式中哪种适宜于有光照的环境下。 6、

三．实验要求

1. 实验前要做好充分准备；

2. 实验中独立完成源程序编辑、编译、链接过程，运行并记录程序运行结

果；

3. 对程序结果进行分析。 四．实验报告

1. OpenGL纹理映射的基本原理和思想； 2. OpenGL纹理映射的基本步骤； 3. 编程任务1

a) 程序说明。说明程序的功能、结构。

b) 编制的应用程序上机调试的情况、上机调试步骤、调试所遇到的问题

是如何解决的，并对编程过程中的问题进行分析，对执行结果进行分析。

c) 写出源程序清单（详细注释）和执行结果。 d) 实验结果的分析。

五、实验器材（设备、元器件）：

Microsoft Windows XP Professional 版本2002 Service Pack 3 VC++ 6.0

六、 墙壁原图片

源程序：

#include #include #include #include #define SIZE 512

GLint HITS; int flag_xyz = 1; int flag_light = 1; int mousex,mousey; float movex,movey,movez;

typedef struct {

GLubyte * image_data; GLsizei width; GLsizei height;

} Data; Data* data[4]; GLuint textures[4];

float PI = 3.1415926; void display();

void drawSphere(GLfloat,GLfloat,GLfloat,int);

float wide=0.8,height=0.8,Dept=0.8;

void init() { }

int wide_screen=300,height_screen=300;

float eyex = 0,eyey = 0,eyez = 1.7;

void reshape(int w, int h) {

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); wide_screen = w; height_screen = h; glViewport(0, 0, w, h);

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity();

gluPerspective(60,1,1,30);//3.设置视景体,glFrustum gluLookAt(eyex,eyey,eyez,0,0,0,0,1,0); //glPixelStoref(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1); glGenTextures(4,textures); for(int i=0;i<4;i++){ }

//printf(\

glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[i]); glTexImage2D(

GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, data[i]->width, data[i]->height , 0,

GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data[i]->image_data);

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE); glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL); glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GL_REPEAT); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GL_REPEAT);

}

float light_postion[4]={wide-0.2,height-0.2,-Dept,1}; float light_ambient [4]={1.0,1.0,1.0,0.8}; float light_diffuse [4]={1.0,1.0,1.0,0.8}; float light_specular [4]={1.0,1.0,1.0,0.8}; //float light_ambient [4]={0.6,0.6,0.6,0.5}; //float light_diffuse [4]={0.4,0.4,0.4,0.5}; //float light_specular [4]={0.8,0.8,0.8,0.5};

float proxy[3] = {wide-0.2,height-0.2,-Dept};

void createLightAndProxy(GLenum mode) { }

void create_wall() {

//设置墙壁材质

GLfloat Material_ambient[4]={0.2,0.2,0.2,1.0}; if(mode == GL_SELECT) { }

glLoadName(2);

glTranslatef(-2*movex/wide_screen,-2*movey/height_screen,-2*movez/wide_screen); if(mode == GL_SELECT) { }

if(flag_light == 1)

drawSphere(proxy[0],proxy[1]-wide/12,proxy[2],1); glLoadName(1); //设置光源相关

glLightf(GL_LIGHT0,GL_CONSTANT_ATTENUATION,1); glLightf(GL_LIGHT0,GL_LINEAR_ATTENUATION,0); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_postion); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,light_ambient); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULAR,light_specular);

glTranslatef(2*movex/wide_screen,2*movey/height_screen,2*movez/wide_screen);

//近处的墙

glColor3f(0.6,0.5,0.0); glNormal3f(0,0,-1); glTexCoord2f(0,0);

glVertex3f(-wide,-height,Dept); glTexCoord2f(16,0);

glVertex3f(wide,-height,Dept); glTexCoord2f(16,16); glVertex3f(wide,height,Dept); glTexCoord2f(0,16);

glVertex3f(-wide,height,Dept);

//右边的墙

glColor3f(0.5,0.5,0.8); glNormal3f(-1,0,0); glTexCoord2f(0,0);

glVertex3f(wide,-height,-Dept); glTexCoord2f(16,0);

glVertex3f(wide,-height,Dept); glTexCoord2f(16,16); glVertex3f(wide,height,Dept); glTexCoord2f(0,16);

glVertex3f(wide,height,-Dept);

//左边的墙

glColor3f(0.5,0.5,0.8); glNormal3f(1,0,0); glTexCoord2f(0,0);

glVertex3f(-wide,-height,Dept); glTexCoord2f(16,0);

glVertex3f(-wide,-height,-Dept); glTexCoord2f(16,16);

glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[0]); glBegin(GL_QUADS);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_AMBIENT,Material_ambient); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_DIFFUSE,Material_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_SPECULAR,Material_specular); glMaterialf(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_SHININESS,Material_shiness); GLfloat Material_diffuse[4]={0.8,0.8,0.6,1.0}; GLfloat Material_specular[4]={0.2,0.2,0.5,1.0}; GLfloat Material_shiness = 64.0;

}

void create_floor() { }

void create_quad(int i,int j) {

if((i+j)%2 == 1 ) else

glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0); glVertex3f(-wide/16,0,Dept/16); glVertex3f(wide/16,0,Dept/16); glBegin(GL_QUADS);

glColor3f(0.0,0.5,0.5);

glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[3]); glBegin(GL_QUADS); glColor4f(0.4,0.3,0.3,0.6); glNormal3f(0,1,0); glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0); glVertex3f(-wide,-height,Dept); glTexCoord2f(16.0,0); glVertex3f(wide,-height,Dept); glTexCoord2f(16.0,16.0); glVertex3f(wide,-height,-Dept); glTexCoord2f(0.0,16.0); glVertex3f(-wide,-height,-Dept); glEnd();

//远处的墙

glColor3f(0.5,0.5,0.8); glNormal3f(0,0,1); glTexCoord2f(0,0);

glVertex3f(-wide,-height,-Dept); glTexCoord2f(16,0);

glVertex3f(wide,-height,-Dept); glTexCoord2f(16,16); glVertex3f(wide,height,-Dept); glTexCoord2f(0,16);

glVertex3f(-wide,height,-Dept);

glVertex3f(-wide,height,-Dept); glTexCoord2f(0,16);

glVertex3f(-wide,height,Dept);

glEnd();

}

void create_ceil() {

/************************************************************************/ /*采用纹理贴图的方式，就可以放弃循环画小图的方式了，下面的代码就不再使用*/ /************************************************************************/ /* int j =1; int i=1;

glTranslatef(0,height,0);

//glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[1]); glNormal3f(0,1,0); for(;j<=16;j++) {

glTranslatef(-wide+j*wide/8-wide/16,0,0); for(i=1;i<=16;i++)

glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,textures[1]); glBegin(GL_QUADS);

glColor4f(0.4,0.3,0.3,0.6); glNormal3f(0,-1,0); glTexCoord2f(0.0,0.0); glVertex3f(-wide,height,-Dept); glTexCoord2f(16.0,0); glVertex3f(wide,height,-Dept); glTexCoord2f(16.0,16.0); glVertex3f(wide,height,Dept); glTexCoord2f(0.0,16.0); glVertex3f(-wide,height,Dept);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_AMBIENT,Material_ambient); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_DIFFUSE,Material_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_SPECULAR,Material_specular); glMaterialf(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK,GL_SHININESS,Material_shiness); GLfloat Material_ambient[4]={0.8,0.8,0.8,1.0}; GLfloat Material_diffuse[4]={0.8,0.8,0.8,1.0}; GLfloat Material_specular[4]={0.4,0.3,0.5,1.0}; GLfloat Material_shiness = 1.0;

glVertex3f(wide/16,0,-Dept/16); glVertex3f(-wide/16,0,-Dept/16);

glEnd();

glEnd();

}

void drawSphere(GLfloat xx=0,GLfloat yy=0,GLfloat zz=0,int flag=0) {

x[0] = radius * sin(angle_z) * cos(angle_xy); y[0] = radius * sin(angle_z) * sin(angle_xy); z[0] = radius * cos(angle_z);

for(j=0; j

angle_xy = j * step_xy;

float angle_z = 0.0; float angle_xy = 0.0; int i=0, j=0; if(flag == 0) else

glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0); glBegin(GL_QUADS); for(i=0; i

angle_z = i * step_z; glColor3f(0.5,0.25,0); GLfloat radius; if(flag == 0) else

radius=wide/16; GLfloat M=20; GLfloat N=20; float step_z = PI/M; float step_xy = 2*PI/N; float x[4],y[4],z[4];

radius=2*wide/8; }

glTranslatef(0,-height,0); */

{ }

glTranslatef(wide-j*wide/8+wide/16,0,0);

glTranslatef(0,0,-Dept+i*Dept/8-Dept/16); create_quad(i,j);

glTranslatef(0,0,Dept-i*Dept/8+Dept/16);

}

void yuanzhui() {

glTranslatef(-wide/2,-height,-Dept/2); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN); glColor3f(0,0.25,0.5); glNormal3f(1,1,1); glVertex3f(0,height/1.2,0); for(int i=0;i<=32;i++) { } glEnd();

glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);

glColor3f(0,0.25,0.5); glNormal3f(0,1,0); glVertex3f(0,0,0); for(int i=0;i<=32;i++) { }

glVertex3f(0.2*cos(i*PI/16), 0.01 , 0.2*sin(i*PI/16)); glVertex3f(0.2*cos(i*PI/16),0,0.2*sin(i*PI/16)); } glEnd();

}

for(int k=0; k<4; k++) { }

glNormal3f(x[k],y[k],z[k]);

glVertex3f(xx+x[k], yy+y[k],zz+z[k]);

x[3] = radius * sin(angle_z) * cos(angle_xy + step_xy); y[3] = radius * sin(angle_z) * sin(angle_xy + step_xy); z[3] = radius * cos(angle_z);

x[2] = radius*sin(angle_z + step_z)*cos(angle_xy + step_xy); y[2] = radius*sin(angle_z + step_z)*sin(angle_xy + step_xy); z[2] = radius*cos(angle_z + step_z);

x[1] = radius * sin(angle_z + step_z) * cos(angle_xy); y[1] = radius * sin(angle_z + step_z) * sin(angle_xy); z[1] = radius * cos(angle_z + step_z);

glEnd();

glTranslatef(wide/2,height,Dept/2);

}

void createFurnishings() { }

void draw(GLenum mode) { }

void display() { }

int flag_move = 0 ;

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluPerspective(60,1,1,30);

gluLookAt(eyex,eyey,eyez,0,0,0,0,1,0); draw(GL_RENDER); glFlush(); glutSwapBuffers();

createLightAndProxy(mode); create_wall(); create_floor(); create_ceil(); createFurnishings();

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); if(flag_light == 1) { } else { }

glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); glDisable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

glTranslatef(0,-height+2*wide/8,-Dept+2*Dept/8); drawSphere();

glTranslatef(0,height-2*wide/8,Dept-2*Dept/8); yuanzhui();

void process(GLint hits,GLuint buffer[]) { }

GLuint select_Buffer[SIZE];

void mouse(int key,int state,int x,int y) {

gluPickMatrix((GLdouble)x,(GLdouble)(viewport[3]-y),5,5,viewport); gluPerspective(60,1,1,30);

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glPushMatrix(); glLoadIdentity();

glInitNames(); glPushName(0);

glSelectBuffer(SIZE,select_Buffer); glRenderMode(GL_SELECT); GLint hits; GLint viewport[4];

if(key == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN) {

mousex = x; mousey = y;

glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT,viewport); ptr = (GLint *) buffer; for (i = 0; i < hits; i++) { }

names = *ptr; ptr+=3;

for (j = 0; j < names; j++) { /* for each name */ }

if(*ptr==1) { } ptr++;

flag_move = 1;

/* for each hit */

unsigned int i, j; GLint names, *ptr;

}

void motion(int x,int y) { }

void keyboard(unsigned char key,int x,int y) {

if(flag_move == 0) else { }

switch(flag_xyz) { case 1: case 2: }

glutPostRedisplay(); mousex = x; mousey = y;

movex = x-mousex+movex; movey = -y+mousey+movey; break;

movez = x-mousex+movez; break; return; }

if(key == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_UP) { }

flag_move = 0;

hits = glRenderMode(GL_RENDER); process(hits,select_Buffer); HITS = hits; glutPostRedisplay();

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glPopMatrix(); glFlush();

draw(GL_SELECT);

gluLookAt(eyex,eyey,eyez,0,0,0,0,1,0);

case 3:

}

void MenuFunc(int data) {

switch(data) { case 1: switch(key) { case 'x':

eyex -=0.1; break; eyey -=0.1; break; eyez -=0.1; break; eyex +=0.1; break; eyey +=0.1; break; eyez +=0.1; break;

case 'y':

case 'z':

case 'X':

case 'Y':

case 'Z':

case 'h': case 'H':

flag_xyz = 1; break;

case 's': case 'S':

flag_xyz = 2; break;

case 'l': case 'L': }

glutPostRedisplay();

flag_xyz = 3; break; return; break;

default:

}

static GLint ImageWidth; static GLint ImageHeight; static GLint PixelLength; static GLubyte* PixelData;

Data* imageInit(char * path_name){

fseek(pFile, 54, SEEK_SET); fread(PixelData, PixelLength, 1, pFile); // 读取像素数据

PixelData = (GLubyte*)malloc(PixelLength); if( PixelData == 0 )

exit(0); // 计算像素数据长度 PixelLength = ImageWidth * 3; while( PixelLength % 4 != 0 )

++PixelLength; PixelLength *= ImageHeight; // 读取图象的大小信息 fseek(pFile, 0x0012, SEEK_SET);

fread(&ImageWidth, sizeof(ImageWidth), 1, pFile); fread(&ImageHeight, sizeof(ImageHeight), 1, pFile); // 打开文件

FILE* pFile = fopen(path_name, \); if( pFile == 0 ) { }

printf(\文件未找到\); exit(0); }

glutPostRedisplay();

flag_light = 0; break; flag_light = 1; break; break;

case 2:

default:

} int Menu;

int main(int argc,char ** argv) { }

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA|GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH); glutInit(&argc,argv);

glutInitWindowSize(wide_screen,height_screen); glutCreateWindow(argv[0]); init();

Menu = glutCreateMenu(MenuFunc); glutAddMenuEntry(\关闭光源！\,1); glutAddMenuEntry(\打开光源！\,2); glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard); glutMouseFunc(mouse); glutMotionFunc(motion); glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard); glutReshapeFunc(reshape); glutMainLoop(); return 0;

char* tupian[4]={\,\,\,\}; for(int i=0;i<4;i++){ }

data[i] = imageInit(tupian[i]); // 关闭文件 fclose(pFile);

Data* rv = (Data *)malloc(sizeof(Data)); rv->image_data = PixelData; rv->width = ImageWidth; rv->height = ImageHeight; return rv;

七．实验结果：

开灯之后的情况

关灯之后的情况

改变纹理和视角之后的情况

八.总结、改进建议及心得体会：

1、理解了OpenGL纹理映射的相关原理；

2、掌握了与纹理映射相关的OpenGL API函数及其用法； 3、熟悉了纹理映射设置的基本步骤。

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