2014年高考英语复习精典素材――2.历年高考完形填空常用词汇总结

动词类：

1“看” look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察; Notice注意catch sight of看见/ stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看

Glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见 see a film watch TV

2“说” telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth告诉的内容 talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流 Say sth诉说的内容 speak in English说的语言 whisper sth to sb 耳语 Inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 Bargain讨价还价 chat聊天 repeat重复 explain解释 warn警告 remind提醒 Discuss 讨论debate辩论 figure 指出declare宣布 claim自称 mention 提起 admit 承认deny 否绝 describe描述 announce 公布 introduce 介绍complain抱怨

3“叫” cry哭叫 call叫 shout大喊 scream尖叫 moan呻吟 sigh叹气 quarrel大吵 4“问” ask 询问 interview 采访 express表达 question审问

5“答” answer回答 respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复

6 “听” listen to听的动作 hear听的结果 pick up收听 overhear无意听到

7“写” dictate听写 write sth 写 describe描写 drop a line 写信 draw画

take down/write down写下，记下

8“拿/放” take拿走 bring拿来 hold举着 carry扛，挑 （无方向性） fetch拿来拿去 lift举 Put放 lay 铺/放置 pull拉/push推

9“抓” take hold of 抓着 seize紧抓 grasp 握住 scratch 抠

10“打” hit一次性的打击 beat不间断的打击 strike突然的击打/突然想到 blow吹刮 attack攻击

11“扔” throw扔 drop掉 放弃 错过 fall 倒下无意掉下来 wave 招手 shake摇

12“送” send寄送 deliver递送 give给 offer 主动给予 see off给某人送行

13“摸/抱” touch摸 /fold折叠 /embrace拥抱 / hug抱/hold 握 in one’s arms

14“踢/碰” kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲

15“行” walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳 slip溜 come/go enter进入 move搬迁 drive开车 ride 骑fly crawl 匍匐前进

16“坐” sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站，耸立/ lean斜靠

17“睡/休息” lie /on one’s back/ on one side/ on one’s stomach stay in bed have a rest take a nap打盹 be asleep bend turn over翻身 rest

18“笑” smile 微笑（不出声） laugh burst into laughter burst out laughing

19“哭” cry shed tears 留泪 weep呜咽地哭 sob抽泣 burst into tears /burst out crying 20“找/查” find找到 look for正在找过程 find out查明 discover/explore 发现/探索 hunt for search for seek / seek for in search of寻找 Search sb 搜身 search sp. for sth 为某物而搜寻某地

Check检查，核实 examine 考察发现问题/体检 test检测，检验 inspect视察 21“穿” put on 动作 wear穿戴 have on试穿 be dressed in 穿的状态 make-up化装 get changed换衣服 be in red Take off 脱 remove 去除

22“吃/喝” eat/drink sip吮吸 have a meal have supper toast taste

treat sb to请某人吃 help oneself to 随便吃

23“得” get obtain acquire获得知识和技能 gain possess

24“失” lose 丢了 be lost /be missing人错过失踪，不见 gone不见（物） great loss die die off相继死去 die away 逐渐消失

25“有” have 有 own是自己的 conquer征服 occupy占有=possess

26“无” nothing left the remaining thing disappear be missing /gone

27“增/减” rise / go up /drop

人主动抬价 raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease

28“买/卖” buy purchase afford pay pay off pay for sell on sale bargain Bill / cheque / cash/ credit card notes/ coins discounts

29“存在/消失”come into being exist appear survive live show turn up

Disappear die die out pass away be out of sight

30“变化” develop improve become grow go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without（ negative adj.） turn + colour change /change into reform

31“认识的过程”feel sense guess suppose wonder doubt know /learn realize Understand remember be familiar with recall recite apply to

32“成功/失败”make it succeed make progress come true realize one’s dream win Lose fail to do failure defeat suffer loss beat turn sth. Into reality 33“努力” try /manage make efforts attempt do ones best do as much as one can to do 34祝贺 congratulations on sb celebrate observe 庆祝 get together 聚会

35赞美/批评 praise think highly of / blame sb for sth/ sb is to blame

criticize /scold sb. for sth. have a low opinion of sb Speak ill of

36喜/恶 like love be fond of be keen on be crazy about adore be into prefer enjoy in favor of Dislike hate be awful/disgusting ignore turn off

37判断 think believe consider find feel conclude infer doubt

38到达 arrive at reach return to get to stay in sp visit leave leave for on one’s way to upon one’s arrival on doing sth

39受伤 hurt injured wound cut kill drown bleed get burnt suffer from

suffer a loss

40损坏 damage destroy ruin break down be broken crash

41修复 repair rebuild restore fix recover oneself

42支持/反对 agree disagree accept receive refuse turn down

be against elect vote for/ against

43 做饭 cook wash cut chop boil fry steam make mix clean brush cover uncover cooker

44 建议 advise suggest recommend urge propose demand persuade 说服 45 花费 sth/doing sth+cost sb+spend+ in doing sth Sb+afford +n/to do sth

It +take some time/ money/energy +to do sth sb+ pay+$ for sth. at one’s expense 46 省/存钱 save /save up set aside put away spare no effort/ time

47 参加 take part in join /join in attend compete in/ for/against

48控告 accuse sb. of charge sb. With

49 救治 help /help out save /rescue sb from sth. Treat过程 / cure 结果sb. Of sth Aid sb in doing sth / to do sth help sb with sth assist sb in doing sth

50敬佩 admire respect show respect for/to adore envy /be jealousy in honor of 51逃避 ran away escape from flee hide

52 阻止/禁止 prevent / keep/ stop sb. From doing sth forbid doing sth. Ban prohibit 53 对付/处理 handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth solve settle

54 效仿 copy imitate learn from learn

54 爆发/发生 come about happen to take place break out

burst out go off explosion

55安装/装备 fasten fix set equip

be armed with 用什么武装 be equipped with装备有

56 追求 pursuit ran after seek after chase catch up with赶上 keep up with跟上 57 想/考虑 think of 考虑/+as把什么看成 think about想起 consider

think over仔细考虑 be concerned 担心 be considerate towards sb.

58 打算 plan / intend / design to do be going to do /be about to do /will do

59 似乎/好象 seem appear look like as if as though

60 开办/关闭 open start set up close/close up end close down

名词类“

1假期vacation holiday spring break ask for leave be on holiday have two days off 2旅游 trip journey tour voyage travel tourist passenger go camping/picnicking/hiking 3职务人员 clerk secretary passer-by friend minister manager waitress guest host hostess Assistant customer adult neighbor relative patient /vet staff crew nurse teacher Conductor tailor sailor inventor gardener guard

4餐馆/定餐/就餐 inn restaurant kitchen menu bill order tip fork and knife reserve /book table Taste delicious salad dash vegetables fruit tray napkin

5诊所/看病/服药 clinic hospital take one’s temperature take medicine/pills have a fever/flu/headache doctor physician surgeon specialist patient

6车站/机场 airport on board miss the train/bus catch a train meet sb.

7身体部位 arm head hair brain waist back shoulder pulse wrist

8意志 will courage patience determination faith effort confidence ambition energy 9才能/品质 talent gift ability potential intelligent promising smart stupid careful proud Strict honest cold serious easy-going learned knowledgeable

10优缺点 advantage disadvantage strength weakness

11目标 aim goal intention purpose belief faith

12方式 means method way manner approach

13身体素质 strong weak pale sick ill be well keep slim/ fit cut weight/put on weight 14图表 photo picture graph drawing table line/bar graph pie chart draw a sketch 划草图

15文章 reading translation essay poem paper novel/fiction article magazine newspaper journal 日志 diary日记 Files form make a list of

16课堂class course lecture example reason message notes words phrase scholarship degree

Subject question trouble difficulty grades read comment marks

17 学校活动 match game activity hold a meeting /debate /speech/ ceremony

18建议/观点 advice suggestion idea proposal view recommandation

19气候/天气 climate weather storm windy cloudy rainy snow hot/cold/freezing/heat/warmth 20交通 by train/bus /boat bike on the train/bus /a bike drive a car ride a bike give sb. a lift/ride

21习惯 habit custom get used to regular有规律的（形容词） practice惯例（名词） 22感觉 sight hearing touch smell sense

23情感 feeling emotion anger delight sadness sorrow

24 财富 money possessions wealth belongings fortunes treasure diamond be rich/well-off

25 运动比赛 on the playground on the track and filed pitch event game match sports player Coach judge jogging weightlifting play volleyball/soccer/

26衣服 clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of

27事件 incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故

形容词类

1人的各种感受

乐happy delighted to one’s joy pleased amused

悲 sad unhappy painful bitter

平静 calm quiet silent/still peaceful

烦bother bored be fed up with

震惊 surprised astonished shocked /amazed

怕 in fear be frightened /scared /afraid

失望desperate disappointed hopeless be depressed

满意be satisfied with /be content to do

生气 Annoyed angry disgusting burst into rage

2 表程度的副词类

narrowly/ Nearly/ almost hardly/ hard extremely/ very very/ quite

Accidently/ once in a while occasionaly/ once far / by far

Farther/ further better/ worse be well/ good however/ therefore/so/thus

.

易考的近义词组

Run/ manage grow/ plant leave/remain fit/ suit/ match

Hit/ beat/strike meet/ satisfy touch /feel play /performer

Contain/ hold /seat/ fill lie/sit/locate help/work/ do

Fall/ sink/ drop matter/ problem /trouble/ money/ account

Cause/ reason that’s why/ that’s because because/ since,as/ for

Last/ continue keep/ stay/ treat/ cure/ operate separate/ divide

Stand/ bear/tolerate/hold turn/become/go change/vary/range

Provide/supply/offer/ give/send

一、词法

（一）巧记名词变复数的规则：

单数变为复数式，一般词尾加-s；

下列句词词尾后，要加-s先加-e。

发音[f] 、[ t ]、[s]和[z]，或是某些辅音加-o时。

有些名词变复数，词尾变化要注意。

y前字母是辅音，一律变y为-ies.

遇到f和fe，有时需要变-ves.

少数名词不规则，特殊情况要强记。

说明：

1．名词变复数形式，一般在词尾加-s.

eg: bag-bags banana-bananas bird-birds pen-pens, ....

2．词尾发音为[f , t s, z]的名词（即以字母sh, ch, s, x结尾者）在变复数时，要在词尾加-es，eg: watch-watches, box-boxes, bus-buses,etc)

3．若词尾字母o的前面是辅音字母，变为复数时，有些加-es，eg: hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, patato-patatoes, tomato-tomatoes.这四个词可组成一句话来记忆：Heroes and Negroes eat potatoes and tomatoes（英雄和黑人吃马铃薯和西红柿。简为二人吃二菜。）

但有些以o结尾的名词则加-s，eg: photo – photoes, piano –pianos等。

4．若词尾字母y前加的是辅音字母时，变为复数，首先把y变为i，再加-es, eg: family – families, city- cities, baby – babies等，但若词尾y前为元音字母时，则可直接加-s, eg: day-days, boy-boys等。

5．以f和fe结尾的名词变复数时，首先将f和fe变为v, 再加-es，我们也可用一句话来记，“狼（wolf）和小偷（thief）的妻子（wife）用小刀（knife）威胁书架(shelf)上的半片（half）叶子（leaf）的生命（life）。另外记住一些常见特殊词，eg: roof—roofs.

6. 有些名词的复数变化是不规则的，eg: man-men, woman-women, child-children, chinese- chinese, sheep-sheep等，平时多留心，稍微加以归纳，是不难发现其的特征的。

（二）定冠词

冠词是NMET试题中出现较频繁的词性，近五年复出率高达83.3%。因而掌握冠词，尤其是定冠词的用法也尤其必要。

请看下面的顺口溜，它可以帮助我们记忆定冠词的一些用法：

特指、重提和唯一，岛屿，海峡和海湾；

海洋，党派最高级，沙漠，河流与群山；

方位、顺序和乐器，年代，团体与机关；

船名，建筑和组织，会议，条约与报刊；

姓氏复数，国全名，请你记住用定冠。

下面让我们再来“验证”这顺口溜吧。请仔细观察下面各句中定冠词的用法，不难发现它的“功效”与“真伪”了。

1. The girl in red has just come back from Australia.

2. Mr. Li will give us a talk. The talk will begin at 8:00

3. The sun gives us heat and light.

4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.

5. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.

6. Do you know when the Great Wall came into being?

7. She’s on the People’s Daily.

8. The Einsteins could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed.

9. Who was the first to come?

10. I heard somebody playing the piano in the next room.

11. Great Changes have taken place in the 1990’s

12. In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time.

（三）非谓语动词

非谓语动词包括动词不定式，动词的过去分词和动词的-ing形式三种。这是高考中的热点，其考查量多、面广，几乎是必考的一个知识点。近六年高考复现率达百分之百。纵观试题，其考查重点为动词非谓语形式的作用及功能相同的非谓语动词之间的区别。学生对此知识也“知之半解”，深感头疼。请看下面的方法，将有助于记住不定式及动名词。

1、动词的不定式

①不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。

②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。

③主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。

④not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。

⑤疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。

⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。

解析：①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。

②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。

③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。

④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。

⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。

⑥通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。

2、动名词：

哪些动词后面只能接动名词，下面的顺口溜有助于记忆。

喜欢、考虑不可免（enjoy, consider, escape, avoid）

停止，放弃太冒险（stop, give up , risk）

反对想象莫推延（mine, imagine, delay, put off）

要求完成是期望（require, finish, look forward to.）

建议继续勤*练（suggest, go on, practise）

不禁原谅要坚持（can’t help, excuse , insist on）

继续注意使成功（keep on, mind, succeed in）

（四）多个形容词并开修饰一个名词的问题

有两三个形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词。若有多个形容词修饰，可用下面这句话来判断、排列它们的顺序：县官行令杀国材。

其意思是：县（限）代表限定词，包括冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词，所有格，数字等。

官（观）代表表示观点的描绘性形容词，eg: fine beautiful interesting等。

行（形）代表表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词：eg: small tall, high, little, round等。

令代表表示年龄、新旧的形容词：eg: old, young等。

杀色（近似音）代表表示颜色的形容词：eg: white, black等。

国代表国籍、地区、出处的形容词：eg: Englsih, American, moun tain等。

材代表形成中心名词的材料的形容词，eg: wooden, silk, plastic, stone等。

请看下面的例子： a fine old stone bridge;

two big round new Chinese wooden tables;

his large new black foreign car.

（五）序数词中的特殊词：

记忆序数词中的特殊词时，可用顺口溜来记：

八去t，九减e, f来把ve替，若是遇上几十几，ie就把y来替。

即：eighth, ninth, fifth, twelfth, twentieth, thirtieth. . .

（六）一些动词

1. lie 的变化

记忆lie 的变化时，可用顺口溜来帮助记忆：

规则的说谎，不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。

即：lie—lied—lied—lying(说谎)

lie—lay—lain—lying(躺，位于)

lay—laid—laid—laying(产卵，下蛋)

2．感官动词和使役动词：

记忆此项动词，可归纳于“五三二一”，即：

“五看”—see, watch, notice, observe, look at;

“二使”—let, make, have;

“三听”—hear, listen to;

“一觉”—feel.

3．“否定转移”的5个常用词：

我认为（think）猜想（suppose）与想象（imagine）都不可相信（believe），我期待（expect）等着你的回答。eg: I don’t think he’ll come tomorrow.

4．“同源宾语”的七个常用词

微笔（smile）着生话（live）歌唱（sing）着战斗（fight）死(die)也像睡觉（sleep）做梦（dream）一样甜蜜。

eg: Now we’re living a happy life and often dream good dreams.

5．巧记常用于“主语没有生命胜似有”之类句子谓语的七个动词：

如果看见(see)或发现(discover) Turn(音译：特恩)，一定要找到(find)他，并带（bring）他到这儿给（give）大伙展示（show）一下。

eg: Tomorrow’ll see the opening of the meeting.

Dusk found a little boy crying in the street.

二、句法

（一）巧学定语从句

由两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复句时，对于关系代词、关系副词的取舍是个难点。如下两句话，用起来倒方便，快捷：

代代代①，副代副②；

有介要用代③，无介关副代④。

说明：①是说用关系代词代替定语从句中的代词或名词。即将两个句子合并成定语从句时，在确定先行词后（在主句中），把另一个句子（定语从句）中的代词或名词用关系代词代替，紧跟在先行词之后即可。这里当然要记住，应把被代替的代词或名词去掉。

eg: The teacher is my brother.

He is teaching.

→The teacher who (代替代词he, 故也须将he去掉)is teaching is my brother.

②与①同理。即用关系副词代替定语从句中的副词（或作状语的介词短语）。这时的关系副词也照样紧跟在先行词之后。eg:

We visited the factory.

She worked in the factory last year.

→We visited the factory, Where (代替相当于副词作状语的介词词组in the factory) she worked last year.

③和④两句是指如果定语从句中有作状语的介词短语，保留介词就要用关系代词，或用关系副词代替整个介词短语。 eg:

I still remember that day.

I joined the Party on that day.

→I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.

（二）变被动语态的方法。

被动语态的学习是中学阶段英语的一项重点内容，又是难点的语法项目，近几年的高考题里，年年都少不了有它的“足迹”或“影子”。关于被动词态的构成，可用下列口诀帮助记忆：

被动语态强调“宾”，用 be加上“过去分”。

“be”要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。

“行为对象”作主语，逻辑主语“by”来引。

原句若是双宾语，一变“主”来一保“宾”。

“间宾”要把主语变，原来“直宾”还是“宾”。

“直宾”要把主语变，“间宾”前加“to”最称心。

唯有原“宾”是“复合”，只有变宾要当心。

原句“宾补”变“主补”，位置不必挪寸分。

情态动词变“被动”，情态加be加过分。

如若“情态”后带to，变后有to才弄准。

“短语动词”变“被动”，相当“及物”莫疑心。

不过其后“介”或“副”，变后还得要承认。

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