英格兰饮茶风俗由何而来?Tea,thatmostquintessentialofEnglish
更新时间:2023-04-18 08:45:01 阅读量: 实用文档 文档下载
- 英格兰的风俗推荐度:
- 相关推荐
英格兰饮茶风俗由何而来? Tea, that most
quintessential of English
英格兰饮茶风俗由何而来,
Tea, that most quintessential of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China, it was not until the mid 17th century that the beverage first appeared in England.
The use of tea spread slowly from its Asian homeland, reaching Europe by way of Venice around 1560, although Portuguese trading ships may have made contact with the Chinese as early as 1515.
Tea shop in Chilham, Kent
It was the Portuguese and Dutch traders who first imported tea to Europe, with regular shipments by 1610. England was a latecomer to the tea trade, as the East India Company did not capitalize on tea's popularity until the mid-18th century.
Coffee Houses. Curiously, it was the London coffee houses that were responsible for introducing tea to England. One of the first coffee house merchants to offer tea was Thomas Garway, who owned an establishment in Exchange Alley. He sold both liquid and dry tea to the public as early as 1657. Three years later he issued a broadsheet advertising tea at ,6 and ,10 per pound (ouch!), touting its virtues at "making
the body active and lusty", and "preserving perfect health until extreme old age".
Tea gained popularity quickly in the coffee houses, and by 1700 over 500 coffee houses sold it. This distressed the tavern owners, as tea cut their sales of ale and gin, and it was bad news for the government, who depended upon a steady stream of revenue from taxes on liquor sales. By 1750 tea had become the favoured drink of Britain's lower classes.
Taxation on Tea. Charles II did his bit to counter the growth of tea, with several acts forbidding its sale in private houses. This measure was designed to counter sedition, but it was so unpopular that it was impossible to enforce. A 1676 act taxed tea and required coffee house operators to apply for a license.
This was just the start of government attempts to control, or at least, to profit from the popularity of tea in Britain. By the mid 18th century the duty on tea had reached an absurd 119%. This heavy taxation had the effect of creating a whole new industry - tea smuggling.
Smuggling Tea. Ships from Holland and Scandinavia brought tea to the British coast, then stood offshore while smugglers met them and unloaded the precious cargo in small vessels. The smugglers, often local fishermen, snuck the tea inland through underground passages and hidden paths to special hiding places. One of the best hiding
places was in the local parish church!
Even smuggled tea was expensive, however, and therefore extremely profitable, so many smugglers began to adulterate the tea with other
substances, such as willow, licorice, and sloe leaves. Used tea leaves were also redried and added to fresh leaves.
Finally, in 1784 William Pitt the Younger introduced the Commutation Act, which dropped the tax on tea from 119% to 12.5%, effectively ending smuggling. Adulteration remained a problem, though, until the Food and Drug Act of 1875 brought in stiff penalties for the practice.
下午茶被认为是起源于一个名为安娜的贝德福七世女公爵。在1800年,她开
始有在下午举行
茶会用来填补午餐和晚餐之间的空隙的想法,因为当时的上流社会直到晚上八点才开始使用
晚餐。当时这种时尚的习惯迅速发展为一种工薪阶级的高级茶会,茶会上的餐点之后也演变
成了人们一天中最重要的食物。
Tea Clippers. In the early 1800's ships carrying tea from the Far East to Britain could take over a year to bring home their precious cargo. When the East India Company was given a monopoly on the tea trade in 1832, they realized the need to cut the time of this journey. The Americans actually designed the first "clippers", or streamlined, tall-masted vessels, but the British were close behind. These clippers sped along at nearly 18 knots by contemporary accounts - nearly as fast as a modern ocean liner.
So great was the race for speed that an annual competition was begun for clippers to race from the Canton River to the London Docks. The
first ship to unload its cargo won the captain and crew a hefty bonus.
The most famous of the clipper ships was the Cutty Sark, built in 1868. It only made the tea run eight times, but for its era it was a remarkable ship. The Cutty Sark is now on exhibition at Greenwich.
Tea Customs. Afternoon tea is said to have originated with one person; Anna, 7th Duchess of Bedford. In the early 1800's she launched the idea of having tea in the late afternoon to bridge the gap between luncheon and dinner, which in fashionable circles might not be served until 8 o'clock at night. This fashionable custom soon evolved into high tea among the working classes, where this late afternoon repast became the main meal of the day.
Tea Gardens. The popular pleasure gardens of Ranelagh and Vauxhall
in London began serving tea around 1730. An evening of dancing and watching fireworks would be capped by tea. The concept caught on, and soon Tea Gardens opened all over Britain. Usually the gardens were opened on Saturday and Sunday, and an afternoon of entertainment and dancing would be highlighted by serving tea.
Tea Shops - that oh, so British establishment, can be traced to one person. In 1864 the woman manager of the Aerated Bread Company began the custom of serving food and drink to her customers. Her best customers were favoured with tea. Soon everyone was asking for the same treatment. The concept of tea shops spread throughout Britain like wildfire, not in the least because tea shops provided a place where an unchaperoned woman could meet her friends and socialize without damage to her reputation.
Tea and Pottery. What connection, you might be excused for asking, does tea have with the growth of the British pottery industry? Simply this: tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. When tea became popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cups with handles, to suit British habits. This made for tremendous growth in the pottery and porcelain industry, and the prosperity of such companies as Wedgwood, Spode, and Royal Doulton.
![](https://wxpay.100changshi.com/Public/Pay/v1/wxpay/native/img/download/icon_word.2.png)
![](https://wxpay.100changshi.com/Public/Pay/v1/wxpay/native/img/download/icon_star.png)
![](https://wxpay.100changshi.com/Public/Pay/v1/wxpay/native/img/download/icon_star.png)
![](https://wxpay.100changshi.com/Public/Pay/v1/wxpay/native/img/download/icon_star.png)
![](https://wxpay.100changshi.com/Public/Pay/v1/wxpay/native/img/download/icon_star.png)
![](https://wxpay.100changshi.com/Public/Pay/v1/wxpay/native/img/download/icon_star.png)
正在阅读:
英格兰饮茶风俗由何而来?Tea,thatmostquintessentialofEnglish04-18
合肥市医疗机构设置审批、执业登记注册、变更、校验工作须知11-07
最新青岛版五年级数学上册第五单元教案 多边形的面积教学设计含反思12-22
常见的天气系统之二气旋和反气旋(微题库) - 选择题(学生版)10-07
内资公司注册04-12
PVC地板施工及维护方案10-03
中小学资料山东省邹平县七年级语文下册 第一单元 2 说和做 - 记03-22
临时用电施工组织设计的编制指导资料(范本) - 图文04-05
常用诉讼文书、起诉状07-24
- 教学能力大赛决赛获奖-教学实施报告-(完整图文版)
- 互联网+数据中心行业分析报告
- 2017上海杨浦区高三一模数学试题及答案
- 招商部差旅接待管理制度(4-25)
- 学生游玩安全注意事项
- 学生信息管理系统(文档模板供参考)
- 叉车门架有限元分析及系统设计
- 2014帮助残疾人志愿者服务情况记录
- 叶绿体中色素的提取和分离实验
- 中国食物成分表2020年最新权威完整改进版
- 推动国土资源领域生态文明建设
- 给水管道冲洗和消毒记录
- 计算机软件专业自我评价
- 高中数学必修1-5知识点归纳
- 2018-2022年中国第五代移动通信技术(5G)产业深度分析及发展前景研究报告发展趋势(目录)
- 生产车间巡查制度
- 2018版中国光热发电行业深度研究报告目录
- (通用)2019年中考数学总复习 第一章 第四节 数的开方与二次根式课件
- 2017_2018学年高中语文第二单元第4课说数课件粤教版
- 上市新药Lumateperone(卢美哌隆)合成检索总结报告
- 英格兰
- 饮茶
- thatmostquintess
- entialofEnglish
- 风俗
- 何而来
- Tea
- 安全生产目标管理制度
- 大型相亲活动策划方案 相亲联谊活动策划
- 单缸四冲程柴油机课程设计说明书
- 湖北省高考英语词汇表(3500左右,补充常见词组)
- 最新单招语文考试题
- 最全的住宅小区物业管理方案
- 2022年门诊病历质量持续改进
- 2022年“喜迎七一”党建知识竞赛培训试题及答案
- 云水规计116号云南省水利工程设计概(估)算编制规定(试)行
- 方物Fronware vServer v2.6.1系统用户手册
- 2022-2022年初中科学华师大版《七年级下册》《第二章 空气》《3
- 北京版小学英语一年级下册全册教案
- 自考 3708 中国近现代史纲要 阶段测评3 综合评价
- 【2022年整理】高考热点复习:中国与印度的关系
- 地产项目5大推盘策略
- (修改后)混凝土知识竞赛习题-100
- 2022春期学前儿童艺术教育(音乐)形成性考核册-答案
- 华东师大版八年级数学上册单元测试题全套(含答案)
- 济南版生物新版七年级上册《动物在生物圈中的作用》教案2 新版
- “学雷锋,争做美德好少年”活动方案