职称英语理工类新增文章

Citizen Scientists

1. Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need them C) to collect data of the life cycle of living things. 2. What are citizen scientists asked to do?

B) To send their research observations to a professional database.

3. In \B) a citizen scientist.

4. What is NOT true of Project BudBurst? A) Only experts can participate in it.

5. What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?

D) To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.

Arctic Melt

1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word \D)

Expand.

2. What is the ice cover in the Arctic by the end of 2007 summer? A) 4.2 million square kilometers.

3. What are the reasons for the ice melt according to the scientists? A) Strong winds and clear skies.

4. Why is the ice melting from both above and below? D) Both A and B.

5. What can be a possible title for the passage?

C) Why are scientists worrying about the Arctic Ocean?

﹡Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste

1. Which of the following words can best substitute the word \B Canceling.

2. According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilities B should be approved by local people and states.

3. What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress concerning siting of nuclear waste disposal? D The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities. 4. What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?

C Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region. 5. What is meant by \

A Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.

﹡Night1 of the Living Ants

1. What is meant by \ C A chemical that announces death.

2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the question \4)\

B What prevents ants from removing the ants that are not yet dead?

3. What is NOT true about Choe's finding? A When an ant dies, it produces a \4. According to Choe's hypothesis,

D the \5. What is the result of the test on Choe's hypothesis? A It proves that his hypothesis is time.

+ How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence 1. What can the state-of-the-art computer simulation tell us about? A How matter began to form the first stars after the Big Bang. 2. What does the \C The first star formed in the universe.

3. What does the word \D Exceptionally small.

4. According to paragraph 4, what is NOT true about a protostar? B It was developed into a massive star before the Big Bang.

5. All except one of the following indicate the goals of the simulation project. Which one is it? D To obtain a detailed picture of the early universe before the Big Bang.

+ Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities

1. The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D. Loeb D both A and C.

2. According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities? B Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass 3. What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?

B The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use. 4. What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?

A It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then.

5. Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question \1990s?\

B The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million.

Seeing Red Means Danger Ahead

The color red often means danger - and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red fights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic intersection tells cars to stop, so they don't run into other cars.

In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to1 new work by engineers, bridge supports2 - or other kinds of materials - could one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses or falls apart . A tiny molecule may make a big difference in future warning systems. A polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore turns red seconds before it snaps3. The technology may one day allow damage to materials or structures4 to be easily spotted . The secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule. A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up everything you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms it contains, and how they're held together.

When a polymer containing a color-changing molecule called a mechanophore is about to breaks, it produces a color. When a polymer with mechanophore molecules becomes \ weak , one of the mechanophore bonds breaks and the material turns red. \a really simple detection method,\says Nancy Sottos, one of the scientists who worked on the project. \ opening up this one bond, and it changes color.\their lab. The test results proved encouraging.

There is a way to get rid of~ the red color: light . When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixedrn and the red color disappears. This \may be a problem for engineers. They need to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be outside , in sunlight. And sunlight will make the mechanophore's warning system useless.

Sottos and her fellow scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color-changing molecules can. be used

outside the lab.

﹡The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints

One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints. Losing them become troublesome. A case released online in a letter by Annals of Oncology indicates how big a problem of losing fingerprints is. Eng-Huat Tan, a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year old man who has used capecitabine1 to treat his nasopharyngeal cancer. After three years on the drug , the patient decided to visit U.S. relatives last December. But he was stopped by U.S. customs officials for 4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man. There were no distinctive swirly marks appearing from his index finger2. U.S. customs3 has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years, Tan says. Their index fingers are printed and screened against digital files of the fingerprints of bad guys -- terrorists and potential criminals that our federal guardians have been tasked with keeping out of the country4. Unfortunately, for the Singapore travelers, one potential side effect of his drug treatmerit is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads6. Hence , no fingerprints. \ begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine,\So he cautions any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor's note pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear.

Eventually, the Singapore traveler made it into the United States7. I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags8. But he's also now got the explanatory doctor's note – and won't leave home without it. By the way, maybe the Food and Drug Administration9, which approved use of the drug 11 years ago, should consider updating its list of side effects associated with this medicine. The current list does note10 that patients may experience vomiting, stomach pain and some other side effects. But no where Does it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints.

+ Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity

Not a plant to be seen, the desert ground is too dry . But the air contains water, and research scientists have found a way of obtaining drinking water from air humidity. The system is based completely on renewable energy and is therefore autonomous.

Cracks permeate the dried-out desert ground and the landscape bears testimony to the lack' of water. But even here, where there are no lakes, rivers or groundwater, considerable quantities of water are stored in the air. In the Negev desert1 in Israel2, for example, annual average relative air humidity is 64 percent -- in every cubic meter of air there are 11,5 milliliters of water.

German research scientists have found a way of converting this air humidity autonomously into drinkable water. \process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources such as thermal solar energy collectors and photovoltaic cells, which makes this method completely energy-autonomous. It will therefore function in regions where there is no electrical infrastructure,\says Siegfried Egner, head of the research team. The principle of the process is as follows3: hygroscopic brine ~ saline solution which absorbs moisture -- runs down a tower-shaped unit and absorbs water from the air. It is then sucked into a tank a few meters Off the ground the ground in which a vacuum prevails4. Energy from solar collectors heats up the brine, which is diluted by the water it has absorbed .

Because of the vacuum, the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be under normal atmospheric pressure. This effect is known from the mountains: as the atmospheric pressure there is lower than in the valley, water boils at temperatures distinctly below 100oC. The evaporated, non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner. The gravity of this water column continuously produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed. The reconcentrated5 brine runs down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air.

\ users . Single-person units and plants Supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable,\— air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation — and the research scientists have already tested their interplay on a laboratory scale. In a further step the researchers intend to develop a demonstration （demonstration） facility .

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