论我国别居制度的构建（定稿）

四川大学硕士学位论文

论我国别居制度的构建

专业：法律硕士

研究生：张哲 指导教师：赵小平副教授

别居制度起源于古罗马，原是禁止离婚主义的产物，伴随着宗教的改革和婚姻观念的转变，它被赋予新的内涵和功能，发挥了不可估量的作用。在大多数国家对离婚制度实行婚姻破裂主义为主要标准的今天，现代别居制度是离婚制度的补充，亦是证明婚姻破裂的一种重要方式。虽然我国没有别居制度，但是我国婚姻法把夫妻因感情不和，分居满两年的作为法定的离婚理由之一。然而在实务中，由于婚姻生活的隐蔽性，对于分居事实的认定，分居时间的起算，分居期间父母对子女的权利和义务，分居期间夫妻的共同财产，分居期间家事代理权，均没有相应的规定，这不仅给司法实践操作带来很大的困难，也极大了增加了夫妻关系的复杂性，不利于和谐社会的构建。本文通过分析比较国外与港、澳、台别居制度的立法实践，以及别居制度在我国的实践经验，并结合我国的国情，重点分析了我国建立别居制度的必要性和可行性，在程序上，试着将别居制度与我国的调解制度相衔接。论述了未来我国婚姻立法中应引用别居制度，并就未来我国建立别居制度提出粗浅的构想和建议。

本文共有四个部分，第一部分是别居制度概述。首先对别居制度的起源、概念、构成要件、种类进行简单叙述，在明确界定别居的基础上，进而对别居制度和其他制度加以比较，力图发觉其立法原意并理清其发展脉络。

第二部分是国外及港、澳、台地区的别居制度对我国的立法启示。通过对比大陆法系和英美法系两种制度，以及参考港、澳、台地区别居制度立法，在借鉴先进理论的基础上，以期从中发现规律，取其精华，并结合我国的特点，提出建议，进而来完善我国的婚姻家庭法。

第三部分是我国别居制度的必要性和可行性。在结合我国国情的基础上，

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四川大学硕士学位论文

提出建立别居制度的必要性；在我国已有的深厚的别居理论基础和大量的别居实践基础上，进一步来论证别居制度在我国建立的可行性。

第四部分是对我国别居制度的立法构想。在从历史的角度分析别居制度，对比国外和港、澳、台地区别居制度的立法以及论述别居制度在我国存在的必要性和可行性之后，在结合我国国情的基础上，对我国别居制度的构建提出一些粗浅的立法建议，以期构建具有我国特色的别居制度。

关键词：别居 别居制度 婚姻制度 立法构想

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四川大学硕士学位论文

Discussion on the Construction of Separation System in

China

Major: Master of Law

Postgraduate student：Zhang Zhe Tutor：Professor Zhao Xiaoping

Judicial separation system originates in ancient Rome, which is originally the product of the prohibit divorce socialist. Along with the reformation of religion and the change of the marriage concept, it is endowed with new connotation and function and plays an immeasurable role in the modern marriage system. In today's society, most countries can judge divorce when marriage is broken. Judicial separation system in modern times is a complement to divorce system and also an important way of marriage breakdown. Although there has been no separation system, due to China's Marriage Law, the feelings of marital discord, separation for two years is thought as one of the statutory grounds for divorce. However, in the actual legal affairs, there were no corresponding provisions for the verification of the separation, separation of the time, the rights and obligations for their children, the couple's common property, the family agency during the period of separation. This is not only puts the operation of the judicial practice into great difficulties, but also greatly increases the complexity of the relationship between husband and wife, which is not conducive to build a harmonious society. By comparing separation system of legislative practice in foreign country, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as other separation system in China's experience, this paper combines with China's national conditions and focuses on analyzing the necessity and feasibility to establish

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四川大学硕士学位论文

the separation system in China. The paper also tries linking up with judicial separation system and China's mediation system in the procedure. It discusses that our marriage legislation should apply the judicial separation system and proposes shallow ideas and suggestions for the establishment of that.

This paper consists of four parts. The first part is an overview of separation system. Firstly, I have had a brief description of the origin, the concept of elements and the species of the separation system. On the clear definition of separation system basis, then I have compared with other systems, trying to find the legislative intent and to clarify the context of its development.

The second part is our country’s legislative inspiration from foreign countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions. By comparing the continental law system and common law system, referring to the legislation of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, on the basis of drawing on advanced theory, so that we could find the rule and absorb their quintessence. And in combination with our country’ characteristics, I put forward some suggestions so as to improve China's Marriage Law.

The third part is the necessity and feasibility of our separation system. Combining with the actual situation in China, I have put forward the necessity of building our separation system. We have had profound theoretical basis and a large number of such practices, further to prove the feasibility of establishing that in China.

The fourth part is the idea of the legislation of our country’s separation system. After analysing the separation system from a historical point, contrasting the legislation of foreign countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and discussing the necessity and feasibility of building it, I have put forward some superficial legislative proposals to build it in China on the basis of China's national conditions, in order to build an characteristic separation system in our country.

Keywords: Live Apart; The Separation System; Marriage; Legislation Idea

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四川大学硕士学位论文

目 录

1综 述 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2别居制度概述 ........................................................................................................................... 1

2.1别居制度的起源和发展 ................................................................................................ 1 2.2别居制度的概念和内涵 ................................................................................................ 4 2.3别居的构成要件 ............................................................................................................ 5

2.3.1别居的主体要件 ................................................................................................. 5 2.3.2别居的主观要件 ................................................................................................. 6 2.3.3别居的客观要件 ................................................................................................. 6 2.3.4别居的因果关系要件.......................................................................................... 6 2.4别居制度的种类 ............................................................................................................ 7 2.5别居制度与离婚制度 .................................................................................................... 8

2.5.1别居前置制 ......................................................................................................... 8 2.5.2别居与离婚任意选择制 ...................................................................................... 9 2.5.3只承认离婚制 ..................................................................................................... 9 2.6别居制度与调解制度 .................................................................................................... 9 3国外及港、澳、台地区别居制度的立法 .............................................................................. 10

3.1法国别居制度的相关立法........................................................................................... 10 3.2德国别居制度的相关立法........................................................................................... 12 3.3英国别居制度的相关立法........................................................................................... 13 3.4.美国别居制度的相关立法........................................................................................... 14 3.5香港地区别居制度的相关立法 ................................................................................... 14 3.6澳门地区别居制度的相关立法 ................................................................................... 16 3.7台湾地区别居制度的相关立法 ................................................................................... 16 4我国建立别居的制度的必要性和可行性 .............................................................................. 17

4.1我国建立别居制度的必要性 ....................................................................................... 17

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