英语国家概况名词解释

英语国家概况名词解释

1．亚美利哥维斯浦奇(amerigo vespucci)意大

and abroad. It granted each August and lasts for and the Welsh, And their Augustine, the Prior of St. freedom to all slaves in about a week. The languages are the basis Andrew’s Monastery in

利航海家，发现了亚马逊 areas still controlled by highlight of the festival is of both Welsh and Gaelic. Rome, to England to a navigator, proved that the Confederacy. competition for the best They religion was convert the heathen the land was not

5．epic poem about Wales Druidism. English to Christianity.

written and read in Welsh.

11．That year, St. Augustine

became the first

India,but a new continent. 英国

Therefore, the land was 清教徒----The Pilgrims The winner is crowned （对英格

2．在

named America after. in 1620, 201 of them Board, considered the 兰）的军事征服----The Archbishop of

sailed to the New World supreme honour in Norman Conquest of Canterbury. Augustine

清教徒 were wealthy, in a ship called Wales. In this way the well-educated gentlemen. Mayflower. The first Welsh people keep the They wanted to purify the winter after their arrival Welsh language and Church of England and was very cold and when culture alive. threatened with religious spring came, half of them

8．伦敦

persecution, the Puritans were dead. Then the 人----A cockney is a leaders saw the New Indians came to their Londoner who is born world as the a refuge help and taught them within the sound of Bow provided by God for how to grow corn. They Bells-the Bells of the those He meant to save. had a good harvest that church of St. 3．year. So they invited the Mary-LeBow in east Indians and held the first L

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. 案》----In 1789, James Thanksgiving celebration

9．Madison introduced in in America to give thanks is a group of huge

the House of to

G

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d

. monuments of grant rock Representatives a series

6．The Chunnel英

Slabs on salisbury plain of amendments which 吉利海峡隧道----In in Southwest England later were drafted into 1985 the British built as long ago as the twelve proposed government and French New Stone Age. It is amendments and sent to government decided to generally believed that the states for ratification. build a channel tunnel, stonehenge served Ten of them were ratified which is called “Chunnel”, some sort of religious in 1791 and the first ten under the Straits of purposes. amendments to the Dover so that England

10．constitution were called and France could be Celts came the Bills of Rights joined together by road. to Britain in three main because they were to The Chunnel was open waves. The first wave insure individual liberties. to traffic in May 1994. were the Gales, the 4．7．诗

second wave were the 人----Eisteddfod is the Brythons and the Belgae 宣言----After the Civil Welsh word for “sitting” came about 150BC. The war began, Lincoln National Eidteddfod is Celts were practised issued the Emancipation the most famous festival farmers. The Celtic tribes

Proclamation to win of music and verse in are ancestors of the more support at home Wales. It takes place Highland Scots, the Irish 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong

Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in E

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d

. 12．阿尔弗莱德大帝

----He was king of Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms. It was he who led the Anglo-Saxon to flight against the invading Danes and maintained peace for a long time. Alfred was not only a brave king at wartime, but also a wise king at peacetime. He encouraged education and introduced a legal system. He is known as

“the father of the British na

v

y

”

.

13．奥古斯丁----In 597,Pope Gregory I sent St. was remarkably

successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was

largely due to the missionary activities of the monks in the north. 14．土地调查清册

----It is a book compiled by a group of clerks

under the sponsorship of

King William the First in

1086. The book was in

fact a property record. It

was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent, value, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures adopted by

William I to establish the full feudal system in England. Today, it is kept in the Public Records Office in London.

15．Geoffrey

杰佛利· 乔叟 英国代

表作家，现实主义文学的奠基者。

----He was an important

English poet in the fourteenth century. His

英语国家概况名词解释

best known is The received its death blow. Fawkes had planted emphasis on law and of monarchy has been Canterbury Tales, which The great medieval barrels of gun-powder in odescribes a group of nobility was much the cellars. The Canterbury to visit

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e

r

. greatly reduced and solely on the advice of

22．today the Queen acts

pilgrims travelling to weakened. immediate result was the 工会Thomas Becket’s tomb. 18．execution of Fawkes and 法----It legalized the her ministers. She reigns

his fellow-conspirators trade unions and give but does not rule. The

Because he was the first 革命---- In 1685 Charles and imposition of severe financial security. It real power lies in the important English poet to II died and was anti-Catholic laws. The meant that in law there Parliament, or to be write in English. He has succeeded by his brother long-term result has was no difference exact, in the House of been known as the “Father of English P

o

e

try

”

. 16．----It is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without warning, and without any cue. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. 17．----the name Wars of the Roses was refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster, symbolized

by the read rose, and that of York, symbolized by the white, from 1455 to 1485. Henry Tudor, descendant of Duke of Lancaster won victory at Bosworth Fireld in 1485 and put ht country under the rule of the Tudors. From these Wars, English feudalism James II. James was been an annual between money for brought up in exile in celebration on Nov. 5, benefic purposes and Europe, was a Catholic. when a bonfire is lit to collecting it to support He hoped to rule without turn a guy and a firework strike action. giving up his personal display is arranged. 23．religious vies. But

20．血

农业产业----The new England was no more 腥玛丽----It is the farming has been called tolerant of a Catholic nickname given to Mary I, “agribusiness”, because king in 1688 than 40 the English Queen who it is equipped and years ago. So the succeeded to the throne managed like an English politicians after Henry VIII. She was industrial business with a rejected James II, and a devout Catholic and set of inputs into the appealed to a Protestant had so many Protestants processes which occur king, William of Orange, burnt to death that she is on the farm and outputs to invade and take the remembered less by her or products which leave English throne. William official title Mary I by her the farm. landed in England in nickname Blood Mary. 24．1688. The takeover was

21．----The relatively smooth, with no 撒切尔主义----The term “British disease” is bloodshed, nor any election of 1979 returned now often used to execution of the king. the Conservative Party to characterize Britain’s This was known as the power and Margaret economic decline. Glorious Revolution. Thatcher became the 25．19．first woman prime 君主立宪制

minister in Britain. Her ----It is a political system

1605火药阴谋案----The policies are popularly that has been practised Gunpowder Plot of 1605 referred to as in Britain since the was the most famous of state-owned industries, Glorious revolution of the Catholic conspiracies. the use of monetarist 1688. According to this On Nov. 5,1605, a few policies to control system, the Constitution fanatical Catholics inflation, the weaking of is superior to the attempted to blow King trade forces unions, the Monarch. In law, the James and his ministers strengthening of the role Monarch has many up in the House of of market forces in the supreme powers, but in Parliament where Guy economy, and an practice, the real power Commons. 26．枢密院----A consultative

body of the British monarch. Its origin can

be traced back to the

times of the Norman Kings. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, its importance was gradually diminished and replaced by the Cabinet. Today, it is still a consultation body of the British monarch, Its membership is about 400,

and includes al Cabinet ministers, the speaker of

the House of Commons, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, and senior British and Commonwealth

statesmen.

27．----It is a very important part of the welfare system in Britain. It is a nationwide organization based on Acts of Parliament. It provides all kinds of free or nearly free medical treatment both in hospital and outside. It is

英语国家概况名词解释

financed mainly by Superior which is the ----When the WWI the economic aid plan for railway systems. This payments by the state largest fresh water lake was over, there existed a Western Europe. It was changed the pace of out of general taxation. in the world, Lake highly aggressive and also used to prevent the urban life and the People are not obliged to Michigan (the only one intolerant nationalism. loss of Western Europe appearance of the city use this service. The entirely in the U.S.), Lake Between 1919 and 1920, into the Soviet sphere. and soon people were service is achieving its Huron, Lake Eire and the Red Scare happened.

39．calling the city

main objectives with Lake Ontario. They are On Nov.7,1919 and 伦敦烟雾----In 195, the “Marvellous Melbourne”. outstanding success. all located between Jan.2,1920, the Justice sulphur dioxide in the But by the 1890s

28．Canada and the United Department launched four-day London smog, outsiders were calling e schools英国的综合学校----Comprehensives schools take pupils

without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. 29．路透社)----It was founded in 1851 by the German, Julius Reuter. It is now a publicly owned company, employing over 11000

staff in 80 countries. It has more than 1300 staff journalists and photographers. 30．Court法官法院---A criminal court that deals with the more serious

cases and holds sessions in towns throughout England and Wales. It is presided over either by a judge from the High Court of Justice or a local full-time judge. 31．湖)----The Great Lakes are the five lakes in the northeast. They are Lake

States expect Lake Michigan. 32．T

h

e i(.密士西比河)----The Mississippi has been called “father

of waters “or” old man river”. It and Its tributaries drain one of the richest farm areas in the world. It is the fourth longest river in the world and the most important river in the United States. 33．Cabin(汤姆叔叔)----It was a sentimental but powerful antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It

converted many readers to the abolitionist cause. 34．葛底斯堡)----It refer to the short speech President Lincoln made when he dedicated the national cemetery at Gettyburg. He ended the speech with “the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”. 35．The Red two waves of mass an unhealthy arrests. Over 4000 atmosphere formed by suspected Communists mixing smoke and dirt and radical were with fog. It left 4000

arrested. people dead or dying. 36．Since then most cities in 新政)----In order to deal Britain have introduced with the Depression, “clean air zones” President Franklin whereby factories and Roosevelt put forward households are only the New Deal program. It allowed to burn passed a lot of New Deal smokeless fuel. laws and set up many 40．efficient social security 家庭医生----In order to systems. The New Deal obtain the benefits of the helped to save American NHS a person must democracy and the normally be registered development of on the list of a general American economy. practitioner, sometimes 37．known as a “family ne杜鲁门主义----On doctor”. The family Mar.12, 1949, President doctor gives treatment or Truman put forward the prescribes medicine, or, Truman Doctrine in his if necessary, arranges for speech to the joint the patient to go to session of Congress. hospital or to be seen at The Doctrine meant to home by a specialist. support any country

41．which said it was fighting communism. 尔本----After the gold 38．rush in 1850s and 1860s, ----It there was an important was announced by revolution in transport, George Marshall on especially with the June.5, 1947, and was network of tram and the city “Marvellous

Melbourne” because of the bad smell of the city.

42．新西兰国庆日----In 1840

the first official governor,

William Hobson, was sent to negotiate with Maori leaders. In 1840

Hobson, representing

Queen Victoria, and some Maori chiefs, signed the Treaty of

Waitangi. Modern New

Zealand was founded.

The anniversary of the signing, February 6, is celebrated as New Zealand National Day,

Waitangi Day, and is a

national holiday. 43．多元文化----The term

multiculturalism was coined in Canada in the late 1960s. It was in official use in Australia by 1973. In other words,

under multiculturalism

migrant groups are able

to speak their own

language and maintain

their own customs. Multiculturalism as a policy recognizes that

英语国家概况名词解释

social cohesion is attained by tolerating differences within an agreed legal and constitutional framework.

44．静默革命----Ever since 1763, when France lost its empire in North America to England, French Canadians have struggled to preserve their language and culture. In the early 1960s French Canadians became more vocal in their protests. In particular, they complained that were kept out of jobs in government and in some large businesses because they spoke only French. They have been struggling more rights common which was called “Quiet revolution”.

45．

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