免病学题库(有答案)

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细 菌

一、单项选择题

1.在下述的微生物中,哪种属于真核细胞型微生物 ······················ ( B ) A.细菌 C.螺旋体 E.病毒

2.与细菌基本结构无关的结构是 ··············································· ( E ) A.细胞膜 C.细胞核 E.细胞核膜

3.下列的哪项结构与消毒灭菌关系最为密切 ······························· ( C ) A.鞭毛 C.芽胞 E.细胞壁

4.局部皮肤用碘酒和酒精涂擦称为············································ ( B ) A.防腐 C.无菌 E.抑菌

5.结核分枝杆菌常用的染色法是 ··············································· ( B ) A.革兰氏染色 C.镀银染色 E.美兰单染色

6.菌群失调的主要原因是 ························································ ( A ) A.长期使用广谱抗生素 C.两种细菌重复感染 E.营养不良

7.紫外线杀菌的原理是 ··························································· ( B ) A.破坏粘肽合成 C.使酶变性

B.真菌 D.放线菌

B.细胞壁 D.细胞质

B.荚膜 D.菌毛

B.消毒 D.灭菌

B.抗酸染色 D.瑞氏染色

B.多种细菌交叉感染 D.细菌寄居部位改变

B.干扰DNA合成 D.使蛋白质凝固

1

E.以上都不是

8.下列的哪一项不属于原核细胞型微生物 ·································· ( E ) A.肺炎支原体 C.斑疹伤寒立克次体 E.麻疹病毒

9.青霉素抗菌作用的机理是下述的哪一项 ·································· ( C ) B.结核分枝杆菌 D.钩端螺旋体

A.破坏细胞膜的通透性 B.干扰蛋白质合成 C.干扰粘肽合成 D.破坏核糖核酸合成

E.破坏脱氧核糖核酸合成

10.临床上最常用的灭菌方法为 ················································ ( A.焚烧法 B.烧灼法

C.间歇灭菌法 D.高压蒸汽灭菌法

E.煮沸法

11.热原质的成份是 ······························································· ( A.磷壁酸 B.脂多糖 C.蛋白质 D.肽聚糖

E.核糖核酸

12.革兰氏染色时,用不上的试剂是哪一种 ································· ( A.碘液 B.95%酒精 C.美蓝液 D.稀释复红液

E.结晶紫液

13.下述的哪一项不是细菌生长繁殖的必需条件 ··························· ( A.营养物质 B.PH值 C.气体 D.温度

E.光线

14.下列各部位中,没有正常菌群寄居的是 ································· ( A.皮肤 B.消化道 C.呼吸道 D.泌尿生殖道

E.血液

15.噬菌体是一类 ·································································· (

2

D ) B ) C )E ) E )B )

A.植物的病毒 C.真菌的抗体 E.以上都不是

B.细菌的病毒 D.细菌的抗体

16.细菌的毒力主要取决于 ······················································ ( D ) A.侵入的数量 B.侵袭力的强弱 C.毒素的强弱 D.侵袭力、毒素的强弱

E.侵入的途径

17.可选用紫外线消毒的物体有 ················································ ( A.人体皮肤 B.污染的桌面 C.生理盐水 D.注射器

E.手术器械

18控制细菌性状的遗传物质是. ··············································· ( A.菌毛 B.荚膜 C.中介体 D.核质

E.鞭毛

19.不属于细菌合成代谢产物的是 ············································· ( A.外毒素 B.热原质 C.维生素 D.抗毒素

E.CO2

20.人体中没有正常菌群存在的部位是 ······································· ( A.皮肤 B.鼻咽部 C.阴道 D.胸腔

E.外耳道

21.酒精的杀菌原理是 ···························································· ( A.使菌体蛋白变性或凝固 B.破坏细菌酶系统 C.改变细胞膜通透性 D.抑制细胞壁的合成

E.改变核酸的代谢

22.细菌内毒素的特点是 ························································· ( A.主要为G+菌产生 B.化学成分为蛋白质 C.毒性作用相似

D.抗原性强

3

B ) D ) D ) D ) A ) C ) E.不耐热

23.与细菌毒力有关的结构是 ··················································· ( D ) A.核质 C.细胞浆 E.细胞壁

24.G+菌细胞壁的成份是 ························································· ( D ) B.细胞膜 D.荚膜

A.磷脂 B. 脂蛋白 C.脂多糖 D. 粘肽

E外膜

25.高压蒸汽灭菌法常用温度和时间是 ······································· ( A. 121.3℃ 30~60分钟 B. 121.3℃ 15~30分钟 C. 125.3℃ 10分钟 D. 150.3℃ 5分钟

E. 250.3℃ 2分钟

26.细菌繁殖方式是 ······························································· ( A.二分裂 B.出芽 C.芽胞形成 D.复制

E.分枝

27.关于芽胞错误的是 ···························································· ( A.适宜环境发芽 B.抵抗力强 C.新陈代谢低 D.能分裂繁殖

E.芽胞内含水量少

28.使用广谱抗生素引起伪膜性肠炎多属于 ································· ( A.食物中毒 B.细菌性痢疾 C.菌群失调症 D.过敏性反应

E.医院内感染

29.最重要的传染源是 ···························································· ( A.带菌者 B.病人家属 C.患病病人 D.恢复期病人

E.患病动物

30.革兰氏阳性菌对青霉素敏感是由于 ······································· (

4

B ) A ) D ) C ) A ) E )

A.裂解细胞壁多糖链 C.酶系统被破坏 E.肽聚糖合成受阻

B.蛋白质合成抑制 D.DNA复制受阻

31.手术器械、敷料的灭菌常用 ················································ ( A ) A.高压蒸汽灭菌法 B.煮沸法 C.流通蒸汽法 D.间歇灭菌法

E.巴氏消毒法

32.制备卡介菌,结核杆菌发生的变异是属于 ······························ ( A.形态变异 B.结构变异 C.毒力变异 D.耐药性变异

E.菌落的变异

33.外毒素的毒性作用特点是 ··················································· ( A.引起体温升高 B.引起微循环障碍 C.引起脓毒血症 D.引起DIC

E.对组织有选择性毒害

34.病原菌一时性或间断地侵入血流,在血流中不繁殖称 ··············· ( A.菌血症 B.败血症 C.毒血症 D.脓毒血症

E.病毒血症

35.属于非细胞型微生物的是 ··················································· ( A.细菌 B.病毒 C.真菌 D.螺旋体

E.支原体

36.紫外线杀菌原理是 ···························································· ( A.抑制菌体旦白的合成 B.干扰细菌DNA复制 C.破坏细菌细胞壁 D.稀放热量杀死细菌

E.干扰细胞膜的通透性

37.属于内毒素性质是 ···························································· ( A.蛋白质成分 B.作用无选择性 C.毒性强

D.抗原性强

5

C ) E ) A ) B ) B ) B )

E.大多G+菌产生

38.关于荚膜,下述错误的是 ··················································· ( B ) A.是细菌的特殊结构 C.与毒力有关

E.细菌失去荚膜毒力减弱

39.G+菌细胞壁特有成分是 ······················································ ( D ) B.是一种外毒素 D.能抵抗吞噬

A.多糖 B.粘肽 C.脂蛋白 D.磷壁酸

E.蛋白质

40.食品的低温保存是 ···························································· ( A.消毒 B.防腐 C.灭菌 D.无菌

E.以上都不是

41.与细菌致病作用有关的代谢产物是 ······································· ( A.维生素 B.热原质 C.色素 D.细菌素

E.抗生素

42.红霉素的抗菌原理是 ························································· ( A.破坏细菌的核酸 B.使菌体蛋白脱水变性 C.抑制细胞壁合成 D.使细胞水肿裂解

E.抑制蛋白质合成

43.大肠埃希菌引起的尿路感染是因为 ······································· ( A.长期使用广谱抗生素 B.多种细菌交叉感染 C.两种细菌重复感染 D.细菌寄居部位改变

E.机体抵抗力降低

44.病原菌侵入血流,大量繁殖,引起明显临床症状称为 ··············· ( A.败血症 B.菌血症 C.脓毒血症 D.毒血症

E.病毒血症

45.G-菌的热原质是细胞壁中的 ················································ (

6

B ) B ) E ) D ) A ) D )

A.脂蛋白 C.磷脂 E.类脂

B.粘肽 D.脂多糖

46.关于菌毛、错误的是 ························································· ( E ) A.较鞭毛短而细 B.成分为蛋白质 C.性菌毛能传递耐药基因 D.能吸附上皮细胞

E.有菌毛的细菌致病力弱

47.利用干烤法灭菌的最适温度,时间为 ···································· ( A.56℃,30分钟 B.100℃,30分钟 C.100℃,2小时 D.160~170℃,2小时

E.140~150℃,2小时

48.细菌的繁殖方式为 ···························································· ( A.无性二分裂 B.有性二分裂 C.二分裂 D.复制方式

E.出芽方式

49.能产生外毒素的病原体有 ··················································· ( A.G—菌

B.G+菌 C. G+菌和部分G—菌 D. G—菌与病毒

E. G+菌与螺旋体

50.内毒素的主要毒性成份为 ··················································· ( A.类脂 B.类脂A C.核心低聚糖 D.特异性多糖

E.蛋白质

51.乙醇杀菌力最强的浓度为 ··················································· ( A.100% B.95% C.80% D.70~75%

E.65%

52.受体菌直接摄入供体菌游离的DNA称 ·································· ( A.接合 B.转化 C.转导

D.溶原性转化

7

D ) A ) C ) B ) D ) B ) E.基因突变

53.维持细菌固有外形的结构是 ················································ ( A ) A.细胞壁 C.细胞质 E.荚膜

54.在普通光学显微镜下不能见到的细菌特殊结构是 ····················· ( D ) B.细胞膜 D.中介体

A.荚膜 B.芽胞 C.鞭毛 D.菌毛

E.异染颗粒

55.细菌中一种染色体外的遗传物质是 ······································· ( A.质粒 B.核质 C.中介体 D.核蛋白体

E.异染颗粒

56.供体菌的质粒转入受体菌的方式为 ······································· ( A.溶原性转换 B.转化 C.转导 D.接合

E.基因突变

57.与细菌耐药性有关的遗传物质是 ·········································· ( A.质粒 B.细菌核糖体 C.性菌毛 D.毒性噬菌体

E.异染颗粒

58.细菌毒力的强弱取决于 ······················································ ( A.机体抵抗力的大小 B.细菌侵袭力及细菌毒素 C.细菌侵入机体的部位 D.细菌侵入机体的数量

E.细菌能否产生芽胞

59.血清最好的除菌方法是 ······················································ ( A.巴氏消毒法 B.煮沸法 C.高压蒸气灭菌法 D.紫外线照射法

E.滤过除菌法

60.下列物质中不是细菌合成代谢产物的是 ································· (

8

A ) D ) A ) B ) E ) D )

A.色素 C.热原质 E.抗生素

B.细菌素 D.抗毒素

61芽胞与细菌有关的特性是. ·················································· ( C ) A.抗吞噬 B.产生毒素 C.耐热 D.粘附于感染部位

E.侵袭力

62.细菌细胞壁的基础成份是 ··················································· ( A.多糖 B.肽聚糖 C.磷壁酸 D.脂蛋白 E.脂多糖

63.紫外线的杀菌机理是 ························································· ( A.破坏DNA构型 B.破坏酶系统 C.破坏菌体蛋白 D.干扰蛋白质合成 E.裂解肽聚糖

64.G+与G-细菌的肽聚糖结构的主要区别在于 ····························· ( A.聚糖骨架 B.四肽侧链 C.五肽交联桥

D.β-1,4连苷键 E.N-乙酰葡萄糖胺与N-乙酰胞壁酸的排列顺序

65.判断彻底灭菌的依据是 ······················································ ( A.细菌繁殖体被完全消灭 B.细菌菌毛蛋白变性 C.芽胞被完全消灭 D.鞭毛蛋白被破坏

E.细菌的荚膜被破坏

66.防止或抑制微生物生长繁殖的方法称为 ································· ( A.消毒 B.灭菌 C.无菌 D.防腐

E.无菌操作

67.与动物细胞结构相比较,细菌所特有的一种重要结构是 ············ ( A.核蛋白体(核糖体) B.线粒体 C.高尔基体

D.细胞膜

9

B ) A ) C ) C ) D ) E ) E.细胞壁

68.与细菌运动有关的结构是 ··················································· ( A ) A.鞭毛 C.纤毛 E.轴丝

69.细菌经革兰染色后,如果为阴性,其着色应是 ························ ( A ) B.菌毛 D.荚膜

A.红色 B.蓝色 C.深紫色 D.蓝紫色

E.绿色

70.与细菌粘附于粘膜的能力有关的结构是 ································· ( A.菌毛 B.荚膜 C.中介体 D.胞浆膜

E.鞭毛

71.与芽胞的耐热性无关的因素是 ············································· ( A.位于菌体的一端 B.含水量少 C.有多层致密结构 D.有耐热酶

E.芽胞壁厚

72.细菌所具有的细胞器是 ······················································ ( A.高尔基体 B.内质网 C.纺锤体 D.线粒体

E.核蛋白体

73.与致病相关的细菌结构是 ··················································· ( A.中介体 B.质粒 C.异染颗粒 D.芽胞

E.荚膜

74.经革兰染色为深紫色(即阳性)的微生物是 ··························· ( A.支原体 B.链球菌 C.淋病奈氏菌 D.衣原体

E.脑膜炎奈氏菌

75.细菌缺少下列某种成分或结构仍能生存,这种成分或结构是 ······ (

10

A ) A ) E ) E ) B ) A )

A.细胞壁 C.细胞浆

E.核蛋白体(核糖体)

B. 细胞膜 D. 核质

76.溶菌酶杀灭细菌作用机制是 ················································ ( A ) A.裂解肽聚糖

B. 竞争肽聚糖骨架的β-1,4糖苷键 C.与核蛋白体的小亚基结合 D. 竞争性抑制叶酸的合成代谢

E.破坏细胞膜

77.在培养基上的“菌落”是指 ················································ ( A.多种细菌在培养基上混合生长形成的团块 B.一个细菌细胞

C.由一个细菌在培养基上生长繁殖而形成的细胞集团

D.从培养基上脱落的细菌 E.在细胞培养瓶中形成的空斑

78.紫外线杀菌的最佳波长为 ··················································· ( A.200nm B. 265nm C.300nm D. 560nm

E.650nm

79.将牛乳加热62℃30分钟的目的是 ········································ ( A.防腐 B. 消毒 C.灭菌 D. 灭活病毒

E.保鲜

80.下列细胞中,不受噬菌体侵袭的是 ······································· ( A.真菌细胞 B. 淋巴细胞 C.细菌细胞 D. 螺旋体细胞

E.衣原体细胞

81.下列细菌中,产生毒素与噬菌体有关的是 ······························ ( A.白喉棒状杆菌 B. 破伤风梭菌 C.霍乱弧菌 D. 产气荚膜梭菌

E.大肠杆菌

82.在细菌基因转移过程中,前噬菌体是指 ································· ( A.噬菌体的外源性基因组已整合到宿主菌染色体上的噬菌体基因组

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C ) B ) B ) B ) A ) A ) B.尚未完成装配的噬菌体

C.未将供体菌DNA整合到宿主菌染色体上的噬菌体 D.尚未感染细菌的游离噬菌体 E.进入溶菌性感染的噬菌体

83.供体菌的质粒转入受体菌的方式为 ······································· ( E ) A.溶原性转换 C.转导 E.接合

84.“转化”过程中受体菌摄取供体菌遗传物质的方式是 ··············· ( B ) A.通过性菌毛 C.以噬菌体为载体 E.通过基因间跳跃

85.与细菌的致育性有关的因子是 ············································· ( B ) A.r决定因子 C.V因子 E.Col因子

86.下列关于正常菌群的论述正确的是 ······································· ( B ) A.皮肤正常菌群中不包括酵母菌 E.人的眼结膜是无细菌寄生的

87.属于肠道正常菌群的细菌是 ················································ ( D ) A.军团菌 C.霍乱弧菌 E. 副溶血性弧菌

88.属于条件致病菌的细菌是 ··················································· ( C ) A.鼠疫杆菌 C.大肠埃希菌 E.布氏杆菌

89.下列疾病中属于菌群失调症的是 ·········································· ( A ) A.伪膜性肠炎

B. 转化 D. 基因突变

B. 直接摄入 D. 细胞融合

B. F因子 D. X因子

B. 一般情况下正常菌群对人体有益无害

C.刚出生的新生儿肠道内即有细菌 D. 口腔正常菌群中需氧菌是厌氧菌的10倍

B. 伤寒沙门菌 D. 脆弱类杆菌

B. 百日咳杆菌 D. 炭疽杆菌

B. 风湿热

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C.肾盂肾炎 E.扁桃体炎

D. 肠热症

90.引起菌群失调症的原因是由于 ············································· ( C ) A.正常菌群种类发生改变 C.正常菌群之间比例改变 E.正常菌群遗传性状改变

91.细菌侵袭力不包括 ···························································· ( C ) B. 正常菌群寄生部位改变 D. 正常菌群抗原性的改变

A.细菌的菌毛 B. 表面抗原 C.侵入数量 D. 侵袭性酶

E.脂磷壁酸

92哪个酶不是细菌的侵袭性酶. ··············································· ( A.血浆凝固酶 B. 溶菌酶 C.DNA酶 D. 链激酶

E.透明质酸酶

93.细菌毒力的强弱取决于 ······················································ ( A.机体抵抗力的大小 B. 细菌侵袭力及细菌毒素 C.细菌侵入机体的部位 D. 细菌侵入机体的数量

E.细菌能否产生芽胞

94.与细菌在体内扩散无关的酶是 ············································· ( A.血浆凝固酶 B. 透明质酸酶 C.链激酶 D. DNA酶

E.胶原酶

95.以内毒素致病的细菌是 ······················································ ( A.霍乱弧菌 B. 炭疽杆菌 C.白喉棒状杆菌 D. 淋病奈瑟菌

E.破伤风梭菌

96.对细胞内寄生的细菌杀灭作用最强的是 ································· ( A.正常菌群对细菌感染的拮抗作用 B. 血循环中IgG C.粘膜表面的分泌型IgA D. 溶菌酶

E.细胞毒T细胞

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B ) B ) A ) D ) E ) 97.对于菌血症叙述正确的是 ··················································· ( B ) A.细菌侵入血流并在血液中繁殖 E.只有细菌的外毒素进入血流

98.能引起菌血症的细菌是 ······················································ ( E ) A.金黄色葡萄球菌 C.炭疽杆菌 E.伤寒沙门菌

99.动物试验用于测定菌株的 ··················································· ( B ) A.生长繁殖 C.分型类别 E.基因变异

100.下列不属于肠杆菌科细菌的是············································ ( A ) A.双歧杆菌 C.大肠埃希菌 E.沙门菌

101.不符合脑膜炎奈瑟菌送检标本的采集原则是 ························· ( C ) A.采集标本注意无菌操作 E.采集标本应在使用抗菌药物之前

102.不是金黄色葡萄球菌致病物质的为 ····································· ( A ) A.葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA) E.肠毒素

103.乙型溶血性链球菌的致病物质不包括 ·································· ( A ) A.肠毒素 C.溶血素0 E.致热外毒素

104.关于脑膜炎球菌,正确的论述是 ········································ ( B ) A.对低温耐受力强

B. 细菌侵入血流但未在血液中繁殖

C.化脓性细菌侵入血流并在其中繁殖 D. 细菌在局部繁殖释放毒素进入血流

B. 乙型溶血性链球菌 D. 肺炎球菌

B. 产毒性 D. 能量代谢

B.变形杆菌 D.痢疾志贺菌

B. 采集的标本要立即送检,并保温保湿

C.标本送检中要保持低温和干燥条件 D. 根据该病原菌主要的存在部位取材

B. 杀白细胞素

C.毒性休克综合征毒素1(TSST-1) D. DNA酶

B. M蛋白 D. 透明质酸酶

B. 室温下3小时死亡

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C.对青霉素不敏感 E.抵抗力较一般细菌强

D. 对常用消毒剂不敏感

105.淋病奈氏菌可引起 ··························································· ( C ) A.性病淋巴肉芽肿 C.脓漏眼 E.青光眼

106.检测淋病奈氏菌时应采集的标本是 ····································· ( A ) A.泌尿生殖道的脓性分泌物 C.腰椎穿刺抽取脑脊液 E.伤口坏死组织或渗出液

107.将患者米泔水样粪便作悬滴在光学显微镜下观察,有穿梭运动的微生物最有可能是 ····················································································· ( C ) A.致病性大肠杆菌 C.霍乱弧菌 E.钩端螺旋体

108.引起破伤风梭菌感染最常见的创伤是 ·································· ( A ) A.深度刺伤或战伤 C. 因搔痒挠破的伤口 E.有氧菌感染的伤口

109.破伤风梭菌的致病物质是 ·················································· ( E ) A.紫癜形成因子和血浆凝固酶 C.表皮溶解毒素和外毒素 E.痉挛毒素和溶血毒素

110.引起气性坏疽的微生物是 ·················································· ( A ) A.产气荚膜梭菌 C.衣原体 E.白色念珠菌

111.肉毒毒素的作用部位是 ····················································· ( A ) A.神经肌肉接头处 C.脊髓后根感觉细胞

B. 包涵体结膜炎 D. 沙眼

B. 皮肤的出血瘀斑渗出物 D. 呕吐物或剩余食物

B. 伤寒沙门菌 D. 痢疾志贺菌

B. 膝肘部大面积擦伤口 D. 被宠物抓破的伤口

B. 水肿因子和α毒素 D. 肠毒素和致热内毒素

B. 梅毒螺旋体 D. 立克次体

B. 脊髓前角运动细胞 D. 三叉神经节

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