新课标外研社版高中英语必修三教材知识点详解(Module2 Developin

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[教材优化全析]

Introduction

1.disease[C]&[U] 疾病,弊病。例如: He is suffering from heart disease. 他患有心脏病。

He has a family disease. 他患有遗传病。

prevent a disease 预防疾病 a disease of the mind 心病 disease of society 社会弊端

2.education [C]&[U] 教育,教育学。例如: Education is given to children by the government. 政府提供对儿童的教育。 She has had a good education. 她受过良好教育。

How do they get an education? 他们怎么样才能受到教育呢? 3.hunger [U] 饥饿。例如:

There is hunger in all the places where the crop was spoilt by the flood. 庄稼遭受水灾毁坏的地方都在闹饥荒。

He satisfied his hunger with everything in the refrigerator. 他把冰箱内的所有东西拿来充饥。 4.poverty [U] 贫穷,贫困。例如: She has lived in poverty all her life. 她一生都过着贫困的生活。

Poverty prevented the boy from continuing his education. 贫穷使那个男孩无法继续读书。

Reading and vocabulary

1.From the agreement came the Human Development Report. 在这样一个协议的基础上,形成了人类发展报告。

本句是一个倒装句。介词短语放于句首,句子完全倒装。正常语序应该是:The Human Development Report came from this agreement.例如:

From the window came sound of music. 从窗户里传来了音乐声。

On the ground lay an old sick goat,which had gone into the cave to die. 地上躺着一只有病的老山羊,它是到洞里去等死的。

2.The index measures a country’s achievement in three ways: life expectancy,(how long people usually live) education and income.

这一指数是从“人的平均寿命,教育和收入”等三方面来衡量一个国家的发展程度的。

income[C]&[U] 收入,收益,进款,所得。例如: What is your income from your job? 你工作的收入是多少?

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思维拓展

disease指特定的具体的疾病、病名。illness和sickness可以通用,很少指具体的疾病,指的是抽象的疾病或生病的状态。

思维拓展

all-round education 全面教育

adult(basic)education成人(基础)教育

advanced education 高等教育 思维拓展

Hunger breaks stone walls. 饥饿使人造反。

Hunger is the best sauce.[谚]饥不择食。 思维拓展

poverty [U] 缺乏,不足。例如: Japan’s poverty in natural resources.

日本缺乏天然资源。

思维拓展

完全倒装种种:

表示方式或者是方位的副词或介词短语放于句首,句子完全倒装。如:here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall 等等。 such 置于句首时,句子也是完全倒装。 思维拓展

income 指收入、收益、进款等的统称。

pay 指薪水、工资最普通的用语。特指海陆军人及其他在政府部门工作者的薪水。

wages 工资;指劳动者的工资,

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I have an income of 200 dollars a week. 我每月有200美元的收入。

My income isn’t enough to support my family. 我的收入不够养家。

3.The report describes eight Development Goals. 这个报告描绘了八个方面的发展目标。 goal [C]目的,目标。例如: one’s goal in life 生活的目的(标) a common goal 一个共同的目标

His goal is a place at University. 他的目标是在大学任教。

The company has achieved all its goals this year. 公司本年度目标全部达到了。 4.Reduce poverty and hunger. 减少贫穷和饥饿。

reduce vt. 减少,缩小。例如:

They’ve reduced the prices in the shop,so it’s a good time to buy. 商店已经降低了商品的价格,看来现在是买东西的好时候。 The fire reduced the forest to a few trees. 大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树。

They persuaded him to reduce his price to 21 000 dollars. 他们说服他把价格降到了21 000美元。

Speaking

1.Explain to Student B why he or she should give money. 向B同学解释一下为什么他(她)应该捐钱。 explain to sb. 向某人解释。例如:

Can you explain to me how to bake a cake? 你能不能说明蛋糕的做法呢?

Please explain to me why you come late this morning. 请向我解释你今晨迟到的原因。

2.I think everyone should give some money to this charity. 我认为每个人都应该为这一次慈善活动捐款。 give sth. to sb. 把某物捐赠给某人。例如: She often gives to the charity. 她常向慈善机构捐赠。

I will give my books to the library. 我要把我的书捐给图书馆。

3.They get very ill because of this. 由于这一原因,他们常得重病。 because of 因为,由于。例如: I was late because of the rain. 我迟到是因为下雨的缘故。

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或工人的工资,通常指给予短期工作者的报酬。

思维拓展 goal n. 球门,(球赛等的)得分 make a goal得一分,踢进一个球 He kicked the ball into the goal. 他把球踢进球门。

We beat them by three goals to two.

我们以3∶2击败了他们。

思维拓展

be reduced to a shadow骨瘦如柴 be reduced to despair 陷入绝望

reduce to order 恢复秩序,使归顺

思维拓展

如果将sb. 放在sth. 之前,sb. 前的to不可以省略。类似用法有: suggest,announce,introduce等。

思维拓展

用to表示后置的间接宾语的动词归纳:

bring,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,pass,read,refuse,return,promise,send,show等。

思维拓展 辨析:

because of 因为,由于,通常作状语,位于句首或句尾。due to由于,因为,通常作表语。thanks

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I have chosen them because of the colour. 我挑选了它们是因为喜欢它们的颜色。 Because of these,he failed. 由于这些事情,他失败了。

4.Though I need money for myself,I am still willing to help. 尽管我自己也需要钱,我仍然乐意去帮助别人。 be willing to do sth. 乐意去做某事。例如: Are you willing to help? 你乐意帮忙吗?

He is willing to help me with my English. 他很乐意帮我学英语。

Vocabulary and listening

1.construction [U]&[C] 建筑,建筑物。例如: The new airport is still under construction. 新机场仍在修建中。

The construction of the dam took several years. 修建这座水坝花了许多年时间。 It is a house of good construction. 这是一所结构良好的房子。 2.freeway [U] 高速公路

(英)motorway (美)express way 例如: His car broke down on the freeway. 他的车在高速公路上抛锚了。

3.huge adj. 巨大的,极大的,无限的。例如:

The bank will lend your company quite a huge sum of money on very favourable terms.

银行将以非常优惠的条件给贵公司一笔相当可观的贷款。 The TV play was a huge success. 这部电视剧取得了巨大的成功。 He lived by himself in a huge house. 他自己住在一所大房子里。

4.inhabitants [C] 居住,有人居住的状态。例如: The town has about a thousand inhabitants. 这个城镇大约有一千个居民。 It is a city of 100 000 inhabitants. 这是一个有十万居民的城市。

5.similarity [U] 类似,类似处。例如: There is a similarity between the two sisters. 这两姐妹之间有相似之处。

Are there any similarities between the two? 两者之间有什么相似之处吗?

Pay attention to the similarity between the two cities,please. 请注意这两个城市之间的相似的地方。 6.unfortunate adj. 不幸的。例如:

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to幸亏,多亏,多用于句首。

思维拓展

“乐意做某事”译法种种: be ready to do sth. be glad to do sth. be delighted to do sth. be happy to do sth.

思维拓展

construct vt. 建造

They are planning to construct a bridge over the river.

他们正计划在这条河上造桥。

思维拓展

huge/big/large辨析:huge 强调体积庞大,容量和数量巨大。big强调比正常程度、范围及规模的标准大,用于修饰人、物或数量。large 强调远远超过标准的大,可指数量、容积、体积或面积大。

思维拓展

inhabit vt. 居住;栖息。例如: Thoughts inhabit his mind. 各种思想占据了他的心灵。

思维拓展

similar adj. 相似的

be similar to... 和??相似。例如:

A is similar to B in many ways. A和B在很多方面相似。

思维拓展

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an unfortunate business venture 一次不成功的商业冒险

She is unfortunate in her marriage. 她的婚姻不如意。

She was unfortunate to miss the last train. 她不幸错过了最后一班列车。

Function

1.There are fewer tourists in Beijing than in Sydney. 北京游客要比悉尼的少。

few 几乎没有,很少的。否定的用法,通常置于可数名词之前,反义词为many。特指一定物体的时候,用the,his,her 等来代替a。例如:

There are few differences between the two. 这两者之间几乎没有差异。 Few people live to be 100. 活到100岁的人很少。

This is one of the few pictures I have. 这是我拥有的少数几张画之一。

2.Is Hong Kong less/fewer crowded than Beijing? 香港不比北京拥挤吗?

less adv. 不像,不如,更少地。例如: Jane is less beautiful than Susan. 简不如苏珊漂亮。

The movie was less funny than the book. 这部电影没有原书那么有趣。

little adj. 几乎没有,很少的。置于不可数名词前。例如: There is little hope. 几乎没有什么希望。 He knows little German. 他几乎不懂德语。

3.Beijing doesn’t have as many high-rise buildings as Hong Kong. 北京不像香港一样,有那么多的高楼大厦。 as many as 和??一样多。例如: I have as many as you have. 我有的跟你一样多。 Take as many as you want. 你要多少就拿多少。

many连接可数名词的复数形式,表示数量多。在否定句中,many 主要用于否定句、疑问句和if从句中。在肯定句中,置于作主语的名词前面时,多与so,as,how,too 等连用。many 很少单独用作表语。

4.Beijing doesn’t have as much tourism as Hong Kong. 北京不像香港那样,旅游业那么繁盛。

much与不可数名词连用。口语中多用于疑问句和否定句。 as much as和??一样。例如: You can eat as much as you like.

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unfortunately adv.不幸地,不幸运地。例如:

Unfortunately,he didn’t pass the exam.

不幸的是,他没有通过考试。

思维拓展 few 短语归纳 no fewer than 多达

not a few 不少的,相当多的 only a few 仅少数,只有几个 quite a few 相当多的

few and far between极其稀少的,极少的

思维拓展

由little 构成的短语: a little bit 稍许;有些 little or no 几乎没有

not a little 不少的,相当多的 little better than little less than little more than... 几乎与??一样

思维拓展

由many构成的短语: a good many 很多的 a great many 非常多的

be one too many for 非??所能对付,为??所应付不了 So many men,so many kinds. 人各有志。

思维拓展

由much构成的短语: be too much 太过分,令人无法忍受

be not much of a...

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你爱吃多少就吃多少。

I spent as much as 100 dollars today. 今天,我花了100美元。

Writing

1.Think of two regions,cities,towns or villages you know well. 想出两个你熟悉的地区,城市,城镇和村庄来。 region 区域,地方。例如: forest regions 森林地带

the region of the heart心脏部位

2.Harbin is a cold industrial center in the north.It has over three million inhabitants.

哈尔滨是一个寒冷的工业中心。它有三百万居民。 industrial adj. 工业的,产业的 the industrial areas 工业区

Many European countries are developed industrial nations. 许多欧洲国家是发达的工业国。

3.You may need to rewrite some of your sentences. 你可能需要改写句子。

rewrite v. 重写,改写。例如:

She tried to rewrite the story in easy English. 她试着用简易英文改写那则故事。

Everyday English

1.How do you find it? 你觉得怎样?

—I saw a film last week. 我上星期看了一场电影。 —How do you find it? 你觉得怎样?

2.It’s totally fascinating. 简直太迷人了!

(1)totally adv. 完全地,整个地。例如: I totally agree. 我完全同意。

Bob is totally different from me. 鲍伯和我完全不同。

She has totally changed her character. 她的性格已经完全改变了。

(2)fascinating adj. 迷人的,醉人的。例如: a fascinating love story

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不是了不起的 much as 虽然极 so much for 到此为止

think much of 给予??高评价

思维拓展

backward region

落后地区,不发达地区 economic region经济区 entrance region入口区 forbidden region禁区 思维拓展

industrial areas工业区

industrial workers 产业工人 an industrial country 工业国

思维拓展 renew 翻新

remove 去掉;脱掉

remind 使??想起;提醒 retell 复述

rebuild 再建;重建 resale 转卖

思维拓展

相当于How do you like it? What do you think of it?

What is your opinion about it?

思维拓展

total adj. 完全的。例如: I want total silence.

我要求一点声音也没有。 total n. 总数

What does the total come to? 总数是多少?

思维拓展

fascinate v. 使入迷;使神魂颠倒

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迷人的爱情故事

a fascinating shopwindow display 吸引人的商店橱窗陈列 3.As you see... 依你看来??

You see(口语)你知道;(可是)事实上。例如: You see,I have nothing to do with it. 你看,我和那件事一点关系都没有。 He is particular about food,you see. 可是事实上,他对食物是很挑剔的。 4.I didn’t get that. 我没听清楚。

相当于:I didn’t hear what you said. 或者是:I didn’t quite catch it. 5.Let’s find some of the action. 让我们采取行动吧。

action[U]&[C] 动作,行动。例如: The time has come for action. 行动的时间到了。

Actions are more important than words. 做比说更重要。 She had a fine action. 她姿态优美。

Cultural corner

1.Well,they are both medium-sized towns of between 100 000 and 200 000 inhabitants.

他们都是拥有十到二十万人口的中等城市。 Medium-sized adj. 中型的,普通型的 a man of medium height 中等身高的人 medium size 中号 large size 大号 small size 小号

2.Tourism is important to both of them,and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region.

旅游业对它们两个城市都很重要,它们都临近本地区的一些美丽的乡村。

(1)be close to 离??很近。例如: Our house is close to a bus stop. 我们家紧邻公共汽车站。

Go further away!You are too close to me. 再远离一点,你靠我太近了。

be important to 对??很重要。例如: Walking is important to the health.

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fascination n. 魅力 in fascination 入迷地

思维拓展

as you choose随你喜欢 as you like随你的便 as you please随你喜欢 as it is 事实上 as it were可以说

思维拓展

in action 活动中 out of action 不活动 put...in/into action

使??活动,实行,把??付诸实施

take action 采取行动

思维拓展

kind-hearted好心的 middle-aged 中年的 cold-blooded冷血的 short-sighted近视的,目光短浅的

全析提示

注意介词to的常见搭配。

思维拓展

与to搭配的形容词:

next,good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,known,married,close,similar,due,etc.

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散步对于健康很重要。

3.Visitors from the foreign town usually stay in the private homes of the town they are visiting.

来自国外的游客通常呆在他们参观访问的这个城镇的私人家庭里。 private adj. 私人的,私有的。例如:

A private car gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility. 私人小汽车能给人很大的舒服和机动性。 This is private land,you can’t walk across it. 这是私人土地,你不能通过。

4.This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language,and as a result you improve fast.

这是因为和一个外国家庭生活在一起一两个星期就意味着你不得不说他们的语言,结果你会进步很快。

(1)mean vt. 意味着。例如:

I mean the red one,not the green one. 我是指那个红的,不是绿的。 Money means nothing to her. 她视金钱如粪土。

Health means everything. 健康就是一切。 I mean business. 我是当真的。

(2)as a result(of)结果。例如: He was late as a result of traffic jam. 由于交通阻塞,他迟到了。 As a result,he won the race. 结果他赢得了比赛。 without result毫无结果 result from 由??造成 result in 引起,导致

Grammar Link words

however,although,but,while都可以表示转折关系,但它们的词性、用法各有不同。

一、however adv. 可是,不过;然而

however 比 but 的词义还要弱些,并不直接引出相反的意见,因此常用作插入语。

You will be lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.However,this does not always happen.

他如果不给你一个违章通知单就放你走,你就是运气好。不过,这种事也并不总是发生的。

The most surprising thing about the plane,however,is that it can land anywhere...

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思维拓展

privately adv. 私下地,秘密地 in private秘密地;私下地。例如: Let us solve the problem in private.

让我们私下里解决这个问题吧。

思维拓展

means n.手段,方法 by this means in this way with this method 用这种方法

mean v. 打算去做??事 例如:

Do you mean to go without money?

你打算身无分文地去吗? He means you no harm. 他无意伤害你。

思维拓展

result 和effect

result:指由某一行动、计划或事件带来的直接后果。

effect:指由某一行动、计划、事件带来的间接后果。

思维拓展

注意表示转折关系的其他词,例如:still 还,还是。例如:

It is true that winter is over;still,it is almost as cold.

冬天已经过去了,这是事实,但天气还是那么冷。

He treated you badly;still,he is your brother and you ought to help him.

他过去待你很坏,但是他还是你的哥哥,那么你应该帮助他。

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不过,关于这架飞机的最使人吃惊的事情是,它可以在任何地方着陆??

He hasn’t arrived.He may,however,come later. 他还未到,不过,他可能过一会儿来。

I’d like to go with you;however,my hands are full. 我很想和你一块儿去,可是我忙不过来。 二、although conj. 虽然,尽管

although 与though大致相同。口语中,though 比较常用。

although用于陈述事实,而不用于假设,因此不可以把as though 或even though 的though换成although。

although 用于句首的情况较多,而且though可当副词置于句尾,作“但是,不过”解。although不能用于句子末尾。

Although they are poor they are happy. 虽然他们很穷,但很快乐。

Although it was so cold,he went out without an overcoat. 天气虽然很冷,但他没有穿大衣就出去了。 三、but conj. 但是

but 用来引出微弱的相反的意见,是口语常用词。 I was going to write,but I lost your address. 我本来要写信的,可是把你的地址弄丢了。 Nearly everybody enters for“The Nicest Garden Competition”each year,but Joe wins every time.

年年几乎大家都报名参加“最佳花园竞赛”,但每次获胜的都是乔。 ...but more often than not,the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow,rough roads which are crowded with traffic.

但是一路之上,大部分的时间往往会在狭窄、坎坷不平而且车辆拥挤的道路上度过??(more often than not=very frequently[英语惯用法])

四、while conj. 但,确,然而 表示对比或相反的情况。例如: You like tennis,while I’d rather read. 你爱打网球,但我爱看书。

I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk. 我爱喝清咖啡,而她喜欢加牛奶的。

I earn only 50 dollars a week,while she earns 80 dollars. 我一星期只赚50美元,而她却赚80美元。

Norway is at the top of the list,while the U.S. is at number 7. 挪威居第一,美国则居第七。

Their country has plenty of oil,while ours has none. 他们国家石油很丰富,而我国一点石油都没有。

nevertheless的含义是:即使作出完全的让步,也没有任何影响,或者说也不是决定因素。

There was no news;nevertheless,she went on hoping.

一点消息也没有,但是她继续抱着希望。

To be sure,it is no longer winter;nevertheless,it is quite cold. 现在固然已不是冬天了,可是天气还是相当冷。

yet 的含义是:即使作出极端的让步,也不会发生期待的结果。 He worked hard,yet,he failed. 他干得很卖力,然而他失败了。 It is well on in May,yet,it is almost as cold as midwinter.

现在进入5月份已经好长时间了,然而天气还像仲冬一样冷。

思维拓展

while当??的时候,引导时间状语从句。例如:

While in London he studied art. 他在伦敦时学习艺术。

while 虽然,尽管,引导让步状语从句。例如:

While he was respected,he was not liked.

她虽然受到尊敬,但没有受到喜爱。

while 只要,引导条件状语从句。 There will be life while there is water and air.

只要有空气和水,就会有生命。

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