EASSY

China and the United States have different cultural backgrounds, different values and national conditions, it determines the Sino-US

education idea, education mode and method is put in the difference with bigger.

将中国的基础教育与美国基础教育进行比较，大部分人认为，中国的基础教育是打基础的教育，“学多悟少”；而美国的教育是培养创新能力的教育，“学少悟多”。究竟是“学”好还是“悟”好？20世纪英国著名的数学家、哲学家、教育家怀特海曾经说过这样一句话：“教育培养人是个极其复杂的题目……对这个问题只有一点我可以肯定，那就是决没有普遍适用而简单易行的办法。”每个学生在接受学校教育后的成长情况，其不单单是由教育模式、教育内容、教育体制和教育方法所决定，因为在学生的成长过程中，社会、家庭、学校教育和个体四者共同起着作用。因此，我们不能仅凭着部分学生的发展情况，来断言整个教育体系的合理性，这样显然是不合理的。

China's basic education and basic education in the United States were compared, the majority of people believe that education is the foundation of China, the basic education,\American education is to cultivate innovation ability education, learning more than studying\twentieth Century, the famous British mathematician, philosopher,

educator Whitehead once said:\On this issue there is only a little I can be sure, that is not generally

applicable and simple way.\it is not only the educational mode, education content, education system and method to decide, because in the growth of the students, society, family, school education and individual four together play. Therefore, we can not only with the part of the students development, to assert that the entire education system rationality, so it is unreasonable. 二 中美基础教育的差异

Two the difference of basic education between China and America 中美基础教育孰优孰劣，不同的人持有不用的观点。比如，如果比较的是数理化课程，中国的基础教育肯定超过美国；但反之如果比较学生的实际能力特别是实践动手能力和创新能力，美国的基础教育则一定超过中国。

Basic education between China and America merits, different people hold no point of view. For example, if the comparison is the mathematical curriculum, China 's basic education must exceed the United States; but if the comparison of students' practical ability especially the practice

ability and innovation ability, the American basic education is certainly more than chinese.

中美基础教育为什么存在着这种差异呢？

Elementary education between America and why there is this discrepancy?

首先，中美两国有着极为不同的教育传统，中国基础教育注重知识的积累和灌输，注重培养学生对知识的本身的掌握，注重培养学生求同思维。而美国则注重培养学生运用知识进行解决实际问题的能力，注重培养学生对知识的拓展和创新，注重培养学生批判性思维和发散性思维。我们可以看出，中国教育侧重于知识的静态接受，而美国教育则侧重于知识的动态掌握；中国是一种模式化教育，而美国则是一种精英式的教育。正如诺贝尔获奖者杨振宁教授所说的，中国和美国教育哲学是相当不一样的，美国教育哲学对前30%-40%的学生有好处，因为他们不需要按部就班的学习，可以跳跃式学习，这种学生通过训练可以很快取得成功。而中国教育哲学对后30%-40%的学生有好处，因为这些学生通过按部就班，有了扎扎实实的打基础的过程，有成才的机会。

First, the two countries have very different educational tradition, Chinese basic education pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge and indoctrination, pay attention to the cultivation of students' knowledge of their master, pay attention to the cultivation of students the same thinking. While the United States is to pay attention to the training of students to use the knowledge to solve the actual problem ability, pay attention to the cultivation of the students' knowledge of development and innovation, pay attention to the cultivation of students' critical thinking and divergent thinking. We can see, China Education focused on knowledge static acceptance, and the United States of America education focuses on knowledge of the dynamic control; China is a mode of education, while the United States is a kind of elite education. As the Nobel winner professor Chen Ning Yang said, China and the

United States educational philosophy is quite different, the United States of America education philosophy on the former 30%-40% student is good, because they do not need to follow the prescribed order of learning, can jump in learning, the students through training can quickly achieve success. While Chinese education philosophy on 30%-40% student is good, because these students follow the prescribed order, has a solid foundation of the process, have become the opportunity.

其次，不同的国家对基础教育阶段的基础有不同的理解。以数学为例，我国教育界历来认为，基本概念和基本运算是数学的基础，因此我们中小学阶段需要去记大量的公式和定理。而美国则认为知道去哪里去寻找这些定理和公式更为重要，他们认为可以查到这些公式和定理，就无需伤神费力的去记忆，人脑完

全可以省下来去思考其他得东西，比如这个定理有应用价值吗？我是否有必要去学？等等。

Secondly, different country on the foundation stage of Education Foundation has different understanding. Take mathematics as an

example, the educational circles of China have historically considered, the basic concept and the basic operation is the foundation of

mathematics in middle school, so we need to remember a lot of formulas and theorems. While the United States that know where to find these theorems and formulas are more important, they think that can be found in these formulas and theorems, there is no need to worry effort to

memory, the brain can be saved to think about other things, such as the theorem has applications? If I need to learn? Wait.

我国教育的基础是指，大脑在独立于计算机的前提下，尽可能多地储备知识，尽可能快地提取知识，因而中国学生的大脑在这两方面是得到了充分的训练。美国教育的基础是指，大脑在充分利用计算机的前提下，放弃发展那些属于计算机的工作领域所需的能力，只发展那些属于计算机无法工作的领域所需的能力。因此，当凭借课堂成绩拿奖学金的时候，美国学生往往比不上中国学生，但在可以充分利用信息工具，在具体的实践领域，搞一些具体的研究性工作时，中国学生往往就比不过美国学生。因此可见，在开发大脑的内在功能上，中国的教育更胜一筹，但在利用各种信息工具解决问题和进行创新，美国的教育的优势是不言而喻的。

China's education is the basis of that, the brain in a computer

independent premise, the reserve knowledge as much as possible, as quickly as possible to extract knowledge, so Chinese students of the brain in these two aspects are fully trained ( on the end game wood,

2002). American education is the basis of that, the brain to make full use of the computer under the premise of development, give up those belonging to the computer work area required capacity, only those

belonging to the computer cannot work areas required capacity ( on the end game wood, 2002). Therefore, when by virtue of classroom achievement scholarship, American students often than Chinese

students, but can make full use of information tools, in specific practice areas, do some research work, Chinese students often than American students. Hence, in the development of brain underlying function,

Chinese education better, but in the use of a variety of information tools to solve problems and make innovation, the United States educational advantage is self-evident.

再者，从价值取向上看，美国的基础教育是从个人主义本位出发，个人至上是其传统的价值追求，美国基础教育注重培养学生的个性和创造性。中国的基础教育则是从社会本位出发，集体主义和爱国主义的价值观念是其传统上的价值

追求，这就决定了中国基础教育所进行的个人能力和创造能力的培养也都是和价值观念相关的。这与美国的个人主义至上的教育有着根本的区别的。 Moreover, from the value tropism, the American basic education from the perspective of individualism, individual supreme is the traditional value pursuit, American basic education of cultivating the students' personality and creativity. Basic education in China is from social

interests, collectivism and patriotism values is its tradition of the pursuit of value, which determines that China's basic education carried by the individual ability and the training of creative ability are also and values related to. This and the American individualism education a fundamental distinction.

比如说，具体的教学活动中，美国鼓励学生有自己的见解，教师在教学过程中注重学生独立的进行个性化思维活动习惯的培养，注重学生的发散性思维和批判性思维的培养，政治、宗教、历史等很多方面的很多问题都禁止教师提供唯一正确的答案，鼓励多种不同见解的存在，反对教师代替学生思维。而中国教育侧重于求同思维的培养，在考试的时候，考核的重点常常是学生的知识储备，客观试题几乎充斥于各科学科，考察学生的答案是否和考试标准答案一致，侧面的引导了学生要和教师规定的唯一答案要一致，这样得结果是使得绝大多数学生依赖教师的思维和教学。这和美国禁止提供唯一答案是绝然不同的。 For example, the concrete teaching activity, the United States to

encourage students to have their own ideas, teachers in the teaching process, pay attention to the students' independent personalized thinking habits, pay attention to the students' divergent thinking and critical thinking of the culture, politics, religion, history and many other aspects of the many problems teachers are prohibited to provide the only correct the answer, encourage a variety of different views exist, against the teacher instead of students thinking. China education

focusing on the same thinking, when the examination, assessment focus is often the student's knowledge, objective test almost flooded in the sciences, inspects the student to answer whether the test standard and consistent answers, the side guide students and teachers to set the only answer to be consistent, so the result is the most students rely on

Teachers' thinking and teaching. This and the United States banned from providing the only answer is quite different.

美国教育强调个人，中国教育则强调尊爱他人。古人云，尊爱自己本为天性，毋须后天培养。所以我们认为，中国基础教育相对于美国的个人主义化的教育来说，优越的多。中国基础教育应该在保证社会本位的大前提下追求学生个性化和创新能力的最大化的发展。

The United States of America education emphasizes individual, Chinese education emphasizes respect love others. The ancients cloud, respect

for nature love herself, not nurture. So we think, Chinese basic education relative to the United States of America 's individualistic education,

superior and more. Chinese basic education should be guaranteed in the standard of society under the premise of the pursuit of individual students and innovation ability the development of maximization. 最后，中国的基础教育重视扎实性,而美国教育重视多元性；中国的教育注重纵向的深度，而美国的教育则注重广度；美国的教育注意培养学生的自信和自立的精神，中国的教育注意培养学生严格和严谨的治学态度。相应的，美国有宽松、自由的氛围，能够充分照顾每个学生的兴趣和爱好；而中国基础教育则沉闷的多了。中国基础教育的特点是进度快、难度高、知识点多、抽象度高，常常美国一周讲的内容，中国十分钟就可以讲完，加上学生有高考的压力，相对国外来说，学生所受的压力较大，引用杨振宁教授的话来说中国教育窄而僵。 Finally, China 's basic education attaches importance to the sound of the United States, and a plurality of Chinese education; education pay attention to the longitudinal depth, while the United States Education attention span; the United States of America education pay attention to cultivate students' self-confidence and self-reliance spirit, Chinese education pay attention to cultivate students' strict and rigorous

academic attitude. The United States of America corresponding, a loose, free atmosphere, can fully take care of every student interest and the hobby; while the Chinese basic education is dull. Basic education in China is characterized by fast speed, high degree of difficulty,

knowledge of many points, the high degree of abstraction, often the United States a week about the content of China, ten minutes can be finished, and students have the pressure of the college entrance

examination, relative to foreign countries, students by pressure, quoting professor Chen Ning Yang 's words Chinese education narrow stiff. 由上面，我们可以看出，中美在教育观念、教育模式和方法上存在着巨大的差异。中国的教育更多的是一种模式教育；而美国则侧重于强调创新精神，强调个人主义，是一种精英式的教育。从本质上讲，侧重于创新还是侧重于打基础是美国基础教育和中国基础教育的根本区别。

From the above we can see, China, in the education idea, education

mode and method, there is a great difference. China 's education is more a model of education; and the United States of America focuses on emphasizing the innovation spirit, individualism, is a kind of elite education. In essence, focusing on innovation or focus on the

foundation is an American basic education and basic education in China the fundamental difference.

四 总结 Four summary

通过上面对中美两国的基础教育进行比较后，我们可以看出，其实最理想的教育是将中美两种教育模式的优势相融合，这样将即有扎实深厚的基础又有创新。但是由于这两种教育模式是基于不同的文化传统和社会背景，所以融合起来有着相当大的难度。中国的基础教育和高等教育目前确实都存在着一些问题和弊端，美国的教育确存在着许多优点和先进之处，值得中国教育借鉴和学习。但这并不意味着中国的教育改革就要完全以美国教育为榜样，全盘吸收，要知道中美两国的教育体制是根植于两国的文化传统、历史背景以及价值取向的，无论谁都不可能完全吸收对方的精华。

Through the above on the United States and China basic education after comparing, we can see, actually the most ideal education is the two kind of education modes advantages of integration, this will have solid foundation and innovation. But as a result of these two kinds of

educational models are based on different cultural traditions and social background, so together with considerable difficulty. China's basic education and higher education, there exist some problems and shortcomings, the United States of America education it has many advantages and advanced education in China, worth learning. But this does not mean that the Chinese education reform must complete to American education as an example, the overall absorption, to know the Sino-US education system is rooted in the cultural tradition, historical background and value orientation, whoever can not fully absorb each other's essence.

综上所述，我们可以看到，不同的教育反映的是不同的社会文化内涵，适宜美国现在的教育方法并不一定就完全的适合中国的教育。因此，中国的教育必须是建立在适合中国的国情基础上的，它反映的是中国的社会文化内涵。那么，如何探索出具有中国特色的、符合中国国情的教育方法和教育体制,是我们今后教育研究的重心所在。

To sum up, we can see, different education reflects the different social and cultural connotation of the United States now, suitable teaching methods may not be entirely suitable for the Chinese education. Therefore, China 's education must be based on suitable for China's national conditions based on the, it reflects the Chinese social and

cultural connotation. So, how to explore with Chinese characteristics, in line with China's national education method and the education system, is our future education

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