英译《古文观止》

《古文观止》选译

杨宪益、戴乃迭、谢百魁、罗经国、孙大雨等翻译

目录

宋玉·《神女赋》英译 ........................................................................................ 1 宋玉·《高堂赋》英译 ........................................................................................ 7 潘岳·《秋兴赋》英译 ...................................................................................... 15 曹植·《洛神赋》英译 ...................................................................................... 20 陶渊明·《归去来兮辞》（并序）英译 .............................................................. 24

方重 译 ................................................................................................... 24 罗经国 译................................................................................................ 27 东方朔·《东方朔自荐书》英译 ....................................................................... 29 刘伶·《酒德颂》英译 ...................................................................................... 30 诸葛亮·《后出师表》英译 .............................................................................. 32 郦道元·《三峡》英译 ...................................................................................... 36 王勃·《滕王阁序》英译 .................................................................................. 37 李白·《春夜宴桃李园序》英译 ....................................................................... 44

王宏印 译................................................................................................ 44 罗经国 译................................................................................................ 44 李华：吊古战场文 英译 ................................................................................. 46 柳宗元·《三戒》（并序）英译 ......................................................................... 49 柳宗元·《钴鉧潭记》英译 .............................................................................. 50 柳宗元·《钴鉧潭记》英译 .............................................................................. 50 柳宗元·《三戒·永某氏之鼠》英译 ................................................................... 51 柳宗元·《三戒·黔之驴》英译 .......................................................................... 52 柳宗元·《三戒·永某氏之鼠》英译 ................................................................... 53 柳宗元·《三戒·临江之糜》英译 ...................................................................... 54 柳宗元·《小石城山记》英译 ........................................................................... 55 柳宗元·《愚溪诗序》英译 .............................................................................. 56 柳宗元·《捕蛇者说》英译 .............................................................................. 58

杨宪益、戴乃迭 译 ................................................................................. 58 罗经国 译................................................................................................ 59 柳宗元·《至小丘西小石潭记》英译 ................................................................ 61

中国文学出版社 ....................................................................................... 61 谢百魁 译................................................................................................ 61 杜牧·《阿房宫赋》英译 .................................................................................. 63 周敦颐·《爱莲说》英译 .................................................................................. 66

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韩愈·《祭十二郎文》英译 .............................................................................. 67 许獬·《古砚说》英译 ...................................................................................... 72 罗隐·《英雄之言》英译 .................................................................................. 74 刘克庄·《贺新郎》英译 .................................................................................. 75 欧阳修·《醉翁亭记》英译 .............................................................................. 76

杨宪益、戴乃迭 译 ................................................................................. 76 潘正英 译................................................................................................ 77 罗经国 译................................................................................................ 78 王安石·《答司马谏议书》英译 ....................................................................... 80 文天祥·《沁园春·题潮阳张许二公庙》英译 .................................................... 82 苏轼·《后赤壁赋》英译 .................................................................................. 83

潘正英 译................................................................................................ 83 罗经国 译................................................................................................ 84 苏轼·《石钟山记》英译 .................................................................................. 86

罗经国 译................................................................................................ 86 林语堂 译................................................................................................ 88 汪榕培 译................................................................................................ 89 宜立敦 译................................................................................................ 91 苏轼·《凌虚台记》英译 .................................................................................. 94 张溥·《五人墓碑记》英译 .............................................................................. 96 归有光·《项脊轩志》英译 .............................................................................. 99 袁宏道·《满井游记》英译 ............................................................................ 102 张岱·《西湖七月半》英译 ............................................................................ 104 袁枚·《祭妹文》英译 .................................................................................... 106 姚鼐·《登泰山记》英译 ................................................................................ 110 《种梨》英译 ............................................................................................... 112 纪昀·《河中石兽》英译 ................................................................................ 114 袁宏道·《虎丘记》英译 ................................................................................ 116 刘基·《卖柑者言》英译 ................................................................................ 118 王禹偁·《黄冈竹楼记》 ................................................................................ 120

杨宪益、戴乃迭 译 ............................................................................... 120 罗经国 译.............................................................................................. 122 蒲松龄·《鸲鹆》英译 .................................................................................... 124 薛福成·《观巴黎油画记》英译 ..................................................................... 126

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黄宗羲·《柳敬亭传》英译 ............................................................................ 128 黎庶昌·《卜来敦记》英译 ............................................................................ 131

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宋玉·《神女赋》英译

楚襄王与宋玉游于云梦之浦，使玉赋高唐之事。其夜王寝，果梦与神女遇，其状甚丽，王异之。明日，以白玉。玉曰：―其梦若何？‖王曰：―夕之后，精神恍忽，若有所喜，纷纷扰扰，未知何意？目色仿佛，乍若有记，见一妇人，状甚奇异。寐而梦之，寤不自识，罔兮不乐，怅然失志。于是抚心定气，复见所梦。‖王曰：―状何如也？‖玉曰：―茂矣美矣，诸好备矣。盛矣丽矣，难测究矣。上古既无，世所未见，环瓌姿伟态，不可胜赞。其始来也，耀乎若白日初出照屋梁；其少进也，皎若明月舒其光；须臾之间，美貌横生，晔兮如花，温乎如莹。五色并驰，不可殚形。详而视之，夺人目睛。其盛饰也，则罗纨缋绮，盛文章，极服妙，彩照四方。振绣衣，披袿裳，襛不短，纤不长，步裔裔兮曜殿堂，忽兮改容，婉若游龙，椉云翔。嫷被服，侻薄装，沐兰泽，含若芳，性合适，宜侍旁，顺序畀，调心肠。‖王曰：―若此盛矣，试为寡人赋之。‖玉曰唯唯。夫何神女之姣丽兮，含阴阳之渥饰。被华藻之可好兮，若翡翠之奋翼。其象无双，其美无极：毛嫱鄣袂，不足程式；西施掩面，比之无色。近之既妖，远之有望，骨法多奇，应君之相；视之盈目，孰者克尚；私心独悦，乐之无量；交希恩疎，不可尽畅；他人莫睹，玉览其状。其状峨峨，何可极言？貌丰盈以庄姝兮，苞温润之玉颜。眸子炯其精郎兮，瞭多美而可视。眉联娟以蛾扬兮，朱唇的其若丹。素质干之醲实兮，志解泰而体闲。既姽婳于幽静兮，又婆娑乎人间。宜高殿以广意兮，翼故纵而绰宽。动雾榖以徐步兮，拂墀声之珊珊。望余帷而延视兮，若流波之将澜。奋长袖以正衽兮，立踯躅而不安。澹清静其愔嫕兮，性沈详而不烦。时容与以微动兮，志未可乎得原。意似近而既远兮，若将来而复旋。褰余帱而请御兮，愿尽心之惓惓。怀贞亮之洁清兮，卒与我兮相难。陈嘉辞而云对兮，吐芬芳其若兰。精交接以来往兮，心凯康以乐欢。神独亨而未结兮，魂茕茕以无端。含然诺其不分兮，喟扬音而哀叹。并薄怒以自持兮，曾不可乎犯干。于是摇珮饰，鸣玉鸾，整衣服，敛容颜，顾女师，命太傅，欢情未接，将辞而去，迁延引身，不可亲附。似逝未行，中若相首，目略微眄，精彩相授，志态横出，不可胜记。意离未绝，神志布覆。礼不遑讫，辞不及究，愿假须臾，神女称遽，回肠伤气，颠倒失据。闇然而瞑，忽不知处。情独私怀，谁者可语？惆怅垂涕，求之至曙

A Fu on the Divine Lady Song Yu

King Xiang of the state Chu, in company with his counselor Song Yu, went on an excursion to the water-side of Yunmeng and bade him to compose a fu on the affair of Gaotang. That night, Yu slept and dreamt of meeting the Divine Lady who was so debonair. Being surprised, he told the king about it the next day. The king asked, \was thy dream?\

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宋玉·《高堂赋》英译

孙大雨 译

昔者楚襄王与宋玉游于云梦之台，望高唐之观。其上独有云气，崪兮直上，忽兮改容，须臾之间，变化无穷。王问玉曰：―此何气也？‖玉对曰：―所谓朝云者也。‖王曰：―何谓朝云？‖玉曰：―昔者，先王尝游高唐，怠而昼寝，梦见一妇人，曰：?妾巫山之女也。为高唐之客，闻君游高唐，愿荐枕席。‘王因幸之。去而辞曰：?妾在巫山之阳，高邱之岨，旦为朝云，暮为行雨，朝朝暮暮，阳台之下。‘旦朝视之，如言，故为立庙，号曰朝云。‖王曰：―朝云始出，然若何也？‖玉对曰：―其始出也，榯兮若松榯。其少进也，晰兮若姣姬。扬袂鄣日，而望所思；忽兮改容，偈兮若驾驷马，建羽旗；湫兮如风；凄兮如雨；风止雨霁，云无处所。‖王曰：―寡人方今可以游乎？‖玉曰：―可。‖王日：―其何如矣？‖玉曰：―高矣显矣，临望远矣；广矣普矣，万物祖矣。上属于天，下见于渊，珍怪奇伟，不可称论。‖王曰：―试为寡人赋之。‖玉曰：―唯唯。‖

惟高唐之大体兮，殊无物类之可仪。比巫山赫其无畴兮，道互折而曾累。登巉岩而下望兮，临大阺之稸水。遇天雨之新霁兮，观百谷之俱集。濞洶洶其无声兮，溃淡淡而并入。滂洋洋而四施兮，蓊湛湛而不止。长风至而波起兮，若丽山之孤亩。执薄岸而相击兮，隘交引而却会。崪中怒而特高兮，若浮海而望碣石。砾磥磥而相摩兮，巆震天之礚礚。巨石溺溺之瀺灂兮，沫潼潼而高厉。水澹澹而盘纡兮，洪波淫淫之溶裔。奔扬踊而相击兮，云兴声之霈霈。猛兽惊而跳骇兮，妄奔走而驰迈。虎豹豺兕失气恐喙，雕鹗鹰鹞，飞扬伏窜；股战胁息，安敢妄挚？于是水虫尽暴，乘渚之阳，黿鼉鳣鲔，交织纵横，振鳞奋翼，蜲蜲蜿蜿。中阪遥望，玄木冬荣。煌煌荧荧，夺人目精，烂兮若列星，曾不可殚形。榛林郁盛，葩华覆盖；双椅垂房，纠枝还会；徙靡澹淡，随波闇蔼，东西施翼，猗狔丰沛。绿叶紫裹，朱茎白蒂；纤条悲鸣，声似竽籁。清浊相和，五变四会；感心动耳，回肠伤气。孤子寡妇，寒心酸鼻。长吏隳官，贤士失态，愁思无已，叹息垂泪。登高远望，使人心瘁！盘中岸巑岏，振中陈皑皑。盘石险峻，倾崎崖聩；岩岖参差，纵横相追。陬互横牾，背穴偃跖。交加累积，重叠增益，状若砥柱，在巫山之下。仰视山颠，肃何芊芊，炫耀虹霓，俯视峥嵘，洼寥窈冥，不见其底：虚闻松声。倾岸洋洋。立而熊经。久而不去，足尽汗出，悠悠忽忽。怊怅自失，使人心动，无故自恐；贲育之断，不能为勇。卒愕异物，不知所生：縰縰莘莘，若生于鬼，若出于神；状似走兽，或像飞禽；谲诡奇伟，不可究陈。上至观侧，地盖底平，箕踵漫衍，芳草罗生。秋兰芷蕙，江离载菁，青荃射干，揭车苞并。薄草靡靡，联延夭夭；越香掩掩，众雀嗷嗷；雌雄相失，哀鸣相号。王睢鹂黄，正冥楚鸠；姊归思妇，垂鸡高巢。其鸣喈喈，当年遨游，更唱迭和，赴曲随流。有方之士羡门高，谿上成，郁林公，乐聚谷，进纯牺，祷璇室，醮诸神，礼太一。传祝已具，言辞已毕，王乃乘玉舆，驷仓螭，垂旒旌，旆合谐，绸大弦，而雅声流冽，风过而坛悲哀。于是调讴令人惏悷憯悽，胁息增欷。于是乃纵猎者，基址如星。传

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言羽猎，衔枚无声。弓弩不发，罘罕不倾。涉漭漭，驰苹苹。飞鸟未及起，走兽未及发。何节奄忽，蹏足洒血。举功先得，获车已实。王将欲往见之，必先斋戒，差时择日，简舆玄服，建云旆，霓为旌，翠为盖，风起雨止，千里而逝。盖发蒙往，自会思，万方忧，国害开，贤圣辅不逮，九窍通郁，精神察滞，延年益寿千万岁！ A Fu on Gaotang Song Yu

Years ago king Xiang of Chu took a trip with [his favorite courtiers] Song Yu to the Elevation of Yunmeng. They looked [in the distance] at the Temple of Gaotang, over which just hung a canopy of vapour.

Up and up it did rise;

Suddenly it changed its guise; Moments but few had flitted by; Multiplex was its wise.

The king asked Yu, ―What vapour is that?‖ Yu replied, ―That is the so-called Morning Clouds.‖ The king asked, ―What is meant by ?the Morning Clouds‘?‖ Yu said, ―Years ago the late king had once taken a trip to Gaotang. Being tired, he took a nap. In his dream he saw a lady, telling him, ?I am the daughter of the Wu Mountains and now a visitor to Gaotang; having heard that thou hast taken a trip hither, I wish to serve thee upon the pillow and the mat. ? The king thereupon favoured her. While leaving, she said, ?I am in the south of the Wu Mountains and on the pinnacle rock of the highland; at dawn I am the morning clouds and towards sunset I become the showering rain; be it after daybreak or be it before dusk, I am always there below the Southern Elevation‘. Latter, when observed early in the morning, she was indeed there as she had said. So a temple was erected for her, named ?Morning Clouds‘. ―The king then asked, ―When she, the Morning Clouds, appears at first, how does she look like?‖ Yu answered,‖When she first appears, she looks like a cluster of luxuriant pines upright sheer;

After a short while, she becomes lustrous like a fair damsel,

Raising her long sleeve to shade the glowing sun and show her cheer To the one in her mind [far beyond that blue fell]

All of a sudden she changes her shape and [gentle] manners,

Turning swiftly into scores of quadrigae and a host of plume-woven banners; Soon it becomes like cool gusts of wind blowing and cold rain drizzling all around;

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And then these would stop and cease and the clouds are nowhere to be found.‖ The king asked, ―Could I go there now?‖ Yu said, ―Aye, my lord.‖ The king then asked, ―How would she be like now?‖ Yu said, ―Oh, high! ah, resplendent! she is; [hail, yet hail!]

The more ye look at her, the farther she recedes [towering tall]; The wider she expands and arches out in the blue, The more she dominates and lords it over all.

She changes into anything which belongs to the heaven and [earth] Or is found in the depths of rivers, lakes and the sea, Into anything rare and strange, wonderful and magnificent, You canst not speak of, praise or discuss them amply.‖

The king said, ―Try to compose a fu on her for me.‖ Yu said, ―Aye, my liege. Take Gaotang all in all, there is nothing whatsoever with it to compare.

For the Wu Mountains have no match, the ways to them intertwine and accumulate. Rising on the precipices and looking down, one sees the water collected in the huge hollow there

When it turns fair after raining, one overlooks streams converging from a hundred vales late.

The body of water heaves noiselessly as the overflow from all sides feeds it higher and higher still;

The flood swells and grabbles, extending its expanse and volume to wax and fill. When a gale blows and waves rise, it is like the wondrous rock beds of the Beauteous Islet;

Holding the narrow banks between them yet dashing against one another, they join the ridges high;

Gathering their force and upheaving, they look like Jie-shi seen on the billows. Gigantic rocks uprooted by water crash each against each and fall, rocking the sky; Colossal masses clashing the water and sinking, splash aloft with them froths and foams;

The mountain lakelet shaking and whirling, its flowing waves flux far off tossing about; Their rushing at one another gives out cloudy spray that sends rain-drops big pattering.

Wild beasts, panic-stricken, jump and run wildly, in trampling, tumultuous rout:

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Tigers, leopards, chai-wolves and unicorns, Cowering, lose their voice to roar or yelp; Buzzards, king pandions, eagles and vultures Fly up, crouch hidden or escape sans help: Shivering with fear and holding their breaths, How dare they still be as fierce as of old? Then the denizens of water all appear, South of a small islet in numbers untole: Chelones, tuo-dragons, sturgeons and tunnies, Gather and shoal, skip and romp all at once, Stirring their scales and shaking their fins. Swimming along like serpents and dragons. Seen distantly from the middle of a slope, Deep woods grow in their winter luxuriance; They send out luster and glory in the sun, Dazzling the eyesight with their brilliance;

Their sheen shoots like darting sparks of the stars, Of which it is vain to describe the radiance. The forests spread out their tall erect lengths, Covered with dense foliage and flowers; The polycarpous trees hang their ovaries, Bending the boughs downward to form bowers; Their branches wave and the water ripples below, The pictures become blurred and dim anon; On all sides around the greenery prospers,— It is so benign to be in this verdant throng. Their leaves are full green and ovaries purple, Vermilion trunks they have and peduncles white; Their slender twigs sing sadly in the wind, Like the pipings of the big yu-reeds quite, The clear tones in unison with the heavy, The five variables and the accords four,— These touch the heart and move the ears sorely, Turn the soft bowels and wound the soul to its core.

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The orphan son and the widowed woman,

Hearing this, have their hearts chilled and hopes shorn; The state official out of his used post, The virtuous scholar alone and lorn,

Heaving heavy groans and shedding salty drops, Are daily by melancholy thoughts outworn. Climbing higher up and looking far off, One is made sick at heart indeed betimes! Winding round, precipitous, rise the sharp cliffs, Spreading in unprecedented lofty climes. The immense rocks rise up and run like wild, Slant, stoop, protrude, veer, uplift and let fall; They stand towering and extend zigzag, Chase one another, then crouch and sprawl; They come together athwart and criss-cross, Or go apart, back to back, as if with gall. Overlapping and aggregated become they, Multiplicate to an astounding state,

Till they come to the foot of the Wu Mountains, Where there is a multitude of Giant Pillars Casting looks upward at the tops of these, They are covered with rich herbage one sees, With a couple of rainbows arching on high; Looking back and down, it is so sheer and steep, Empty and profound, infinitely deep, Nothing like the bottom is anywhere nigh: Only the distant roarings of the pines

Are heard from the hundreds of heights around. One stands still calmly to inhale and exhale, Fixedly at one spot, unbent and unbound, So that the perspires at his two feet and Feels in body as in mind at ease and sound. Then one becomes suddenly perplexed and lost, The heart is fluttered unwittingly with main,

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A strange fear assails from within anon, For in spite of oneself, it would be in vain To quell it though one be brave as Ben and Yu The outcome is the shock at seeing strange things, For it is unknown where they could come from,— Such a big crowd of monstrous devilkins, As if they were born of spirits weird and wild, Or owe their lives to some wayward godlings, They seem to be [bobbing, bolting, trotting] brutes, Or of the [hopping, bipenate,] feathered tribe, Odd and queer, fantastical and grotesque, It is impossible in full to describe. Rising up unto the side of the temple,

One finds the ground level and plane, sans a stone, The horse-shoe shaped ridge opens its bottom wide, With odorous herbs and trees all overgrown. Autumn eupatories, thymes, coumarous, Thickets of scenting umbellets in full blow, Green kingly quan, purple fleur-de-lis in glory, Jie-che sweet, one and all they bloom and grow. Unbroken, interminate, in a lusty state,

The grass-green herbage thrives closely together; The rues spread their perfumes all around them, And birds flock here, of fair songs and fine feather. Some of these, having missed their mates in flight, Are crying sadly for the missed to gather. The constant osprays, the singing orioles, The throstles joyous, the soft plaintive turtle doves, The cuckoos whose cries are like a lone wife‘s, The pheasants of long tail plume nesting above: They chant with sweet harmonious accord, At the prime of their lives, in wanderlust; They intonate and respond each to the others, As they should in one song and in common gust.

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With the man of fair parts Xian-men Gao Who turned fairy by a mountain brooklet, And another one, the Yulin Elder,

Who likes to gather grains, to serve at the rites, Offerings have been given fine and pure, Prayers made in the ruby-decorated hall, To all the deities divine honours paid

And homage done the star of the supreme god. When all the prayers are said, all wishes laid, The king leaves ridding in a carriage of jade, A quadriga drawn by four dragonets blue, With oriflammes and hanging flags round about; Then, the streamers flutter in one direction, The chord of strings grows mellifluous and stout, And the note of ya flows with a chilly strain, So that, as the winds blow past, it sounds mournful. The tune then becomes plaintive and grieving, It catches one‘s breath and makes one dolefull. Now, hunters are to be let loose in the wild,

Which, seen afar, is spangled with town walls like stars. The word is said that soldiers should go to hunt, And they should keep strictly quiet in their tasks. As yet no arrows have been shot from the bows, But the snares and nets are filled enow soon. Far and wide has been the crossing of water, As the galloping on the grassy plain boon. The flying race has thus far no time to rise, The hoofed beasts are not yet ready to fleet. While the chase takes its course slowly or apace, The games are caught before they could retreat. Those who get the spoils first are preferred for merits, As the carts are already loaded with deers meet. Thenceforth, when the king wants to visit the temple, He will keep a three-day‘s fast beforehand,

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Choose his day and moment of departure first, Select his carriage and dress in sober black, Erect his standards of clouds, rainbow colours And the cover made of the king-fisher‘s plumes, When the wind has risen and rain has stopped, Ere he takes this voyage of a thousand li. For by clearing the hazy thoughts of the past, Our lord is bound to be keen in wits and sight; He will be anxious for the good of all people; Thus the harms to the state would be set aright; The virtuous and sage would lend timely help; His nine vents would be free from stoppers that choke, His spirits aware of where the sticking lie: And then, let long life come to him for aye!‖

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潘岳·《秋兴赋》英译

A Fu on Autumn Feelings 孙大雨 译

晋十有四年，余春秋三十有二，始见二毛。以太尉掾，兼虎贲中郎将，寓直于散骑之省。高阁连云，阳景罕曜，珥蝉冕而袭纨绮之士，此焉游处。仆野人也，偃息不过茅屋茂林之下，谈话不过农夫田父之客。摄官承乏，猥厕朝列，夙兴晏寝，匪遑卮宁，譬犹池鱼笼鸟，有江湖山薮之思。于是染翰操纸，慨然而赋。于时秋也，故以―秋兴‖命篇。辞曰：

In the fourteenth year of Jin, having attained the age of thirty-two, I begin to find white hairs on my top. As one of the subordinate knights of the Lord of War and at the same time a lieutenant general of the ―Warriors of Tigerish Dash‖, I serve concurrently as an Imperial Attendant of the Department of Court Affairs. High mansions and pavilion touch the clouds; splendid spectacles shine brilliantly in the sun. Gentlemen wearing coronets decorated with jade cicadae and clothed with taffetas and tiffanies frequent this place. I am a countryman, lying at rest in the past only under a thatched roof and in the luxuriant woods, holding converse formerly but with farmers and tillers of the soil. Taking charge of the official posts to fill up the vacancies, I stand in the ranks of the court; rising early in the morning and retiring late at night, I find no occasion for tranquil repose of heart and mind. It is like fishes in the pond or birds in cages longing for rivers and lakes, marshes and mountains. So I stain my brush and spread paper to compose a fu for giving expression to my thoughts at this time of the autumn, calling it thus Autumn Feelings, which runs like this:

四时忽其代序兮，万物纷以回薄。览花莳之时育兮，察盛衰之所托。感冬索而春敷兮，嗟夏茂而秋落。虽末士之荣悴兮，伊人情之美恶。善乎宋玉之言曰：―悲哉，秋之为气也！萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰，缭栗兮若在远行，登山临水送将归‖。夫送归怀慕徒之恋兮，远行有羁旅之愤。临川感流以叹逝兮，登山怀远而悼近。彼四戚之疚心兮，遭一涂而难忍。嗟秋日之可哀兮，谅无愁而不尽。

The turnings of the seasons pass speedily, taking place one by one in order; All things shake and avoid one another in ways manifold. I see the blooms and the sprouts growing in their time, And observe the flourish and decline of things by them told. Feeling the desolation of winter and the richness of spring,

I sight at summer‘s luxuriance and autumn‘s leaves russet and gold. From the humble scholar‘s favourable or depressed state, Could be gathered the high or low spirits people in general hold.

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Well it is said by Song Yu:

―Saddening, ah, is the breath of autumn, lonely and astringent; Shaken by it, grass and woods shed leaves and become enervate; Grieving and cheerless it is as one leaving for a distant land,

Or one going up hills and down to the water-side to bid adieu, returning late.‖ For seeing off and returning, trudging and pining for the one who is gone; Embarking on a long voyage, alone among strangers, sad and forlorn;

Standing beside a stream to muse on its flow and grieve over the fleeting of time; And climbing up mounts to yearn for a distant one, and a near one to mourn: These four grievous burdens weigh down heavily people‘s hearts, Any single one of which would be hard enough to bear; The autumnal days of theirs are so laden with sorrows, That no sort of sadness, say, has not become their share. Over the wilds fly the homing swallows; Above the lowland hovers the marsh falcon A floating haze rises in the morning; In the evening drop the leaves fallen. So then, I lay aside the light fan And put away clothes of gauzy lawn, Sit and lie on mats of fine weave And wear my lined gown.

Trees in my yard rustle and let fall their leaves; Gusts of winds blow on the curtains with might; The cicadae sing in a subdued tone in the cool air; Wild-geese fly in rows southward in flapping flight.

The sky shines more brightly and ever higher does as appear; The livelong daylight gets shorter every day; How the dwindling light shortens the daytime! The cooler night is felt to be much longer in its way. The moon shines in its luminescent rotundity;

The dews in clear translucence fix the cold of the night sky; Beams immaculate spread on the steps and doorway; Crickets sing at the paneled partition in the corridor nearby.

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I listen to the morning moans of the departing wild answers, And look at the remaining twinkles of the vanishing Flame. I stay up all night, unlike others, all alone,

Ruminating over a host of things, so diverse, never the same.

野有归燕，隰有翔隼。游氛朝兴，槁叶夕殒。于是乃屏轻莎，释纤絺，藉莞箬，御袷衣。庭树槭以洒落兮，劲风戾而吹帷。蝉恢恢而寒吟兮，雁飘飘而南飞。天晃朗以弥高兮，日悠阳而浸微。何微阳之短晷，觉凉夜之方永。月瞳朦以含光兮，露凄清以凝冷。熠耀粲于阶闼兮，蟋蟀鸣乎轩屏。听离鸿之晨吟兮，望流火之余景。宵耿介而不寐兮，独辗转于华省。 I ponder on the ending of the year and my spent time, Lowering my head feelingly to examine doings of mine; Gray tufts round my ears grow long to signify ashes of the past, Hoary hairs hang down my collar bespeaking decline. I think of those clever and capable setting aside the rule, Clambering up above the clouds to soar in the sky;

They succeed in rising upon the spring platform of pleasaunce, Pitching their coronets with gold drops and marten tails of the high. If one aims at striking a new path for himself,

How could he see the fitness of following suit or otherwise? I have heard of the excellent way of the supreme man,

Who regards all things from heaven to earth as of the same size. Those people have come to know security, forgetting danger, Unaware that they have left life to build their own mound. Being ashamed of what they have been as they are,

They think they could be erect without standing on the ground; For side-stepping to get to the spring of a bubbling well, Even a monkey would not play such a poor game; The tortoise, before he is burnt for lot-casting in a temple, Always wishes to return to the green water wherefrom it came. So, let me in all solemnity get back home,

Throwing off my official burden to stay aloof, carefree in mind, To till the rich loam of the eastern upland,

And pay my portion of taxes of corn and millet in kind. The fountain gushes forth its currents among the rocks; The chrysanthemums spread their fairness;

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I wish to bathe myself in the ripples of the autumnal stream on the hillside and in the meadows,

And watch the swift darting, in water, of the white minnows. Thus, I may wander freely by the sides of mountains and rivers, Be at large to do what pleases me in this wide human world, Taking ease to the top of my bent,

Passing the end of the year, full well content.

悟时岁之遒尽兮，慨伏首而自省。斑鬓髟以承弁兮，素发飒以垂领。仰群俊之逸轨兮，攀云汉以游骋。登春台之熙熙兮，珥金貂之炯炯。苟趣舍之殊涂兮，庸讵识其躁静。闻至人之休风兮，齐天地于一指。彼知安而忘危兮，故出生而入死。行投趾于容迹兮，殆不践而获底。阙侧足以及泉兮，虽猴猿而不履。龟祀骨于宗祧兮，思反身于绿水。且敛衽以归来兮，忽投绂以高厉。耕东皋之沃壤兮，输黍稷之余税。泉涌湍于石间兮，菊扬芳于崖筮。澡秋水之涓涓兮，玩游攸之澼澼。逍遥乎山川之阿，放旷乎人间之世。悠哉游哉，聊以卒岁。 I ponder on the ending of the year and my spent time, Lowering my head feelingly to examine doings of mine; Gray tufts round my ears grow long to signify ashes of the past, Hoary hairs hang down my collar bespeaking decline. I think of those clever and capable setting aside the rule, Clambering up above the clouds to soar in the sky;

They succeed in rising upon the spring platform of pleasaunce, Pitching their coronets with gold drops and marten tails of the high. If one aims at striking a new path for himself,

How could he see the fitness of following suit or otherwise? I have heard of the excellent way of the supreme man,

Who regards all things from heaven to earth as of the same size. Those people have come to know security, forgetting danger, Unaware that they have left life to build their own mound. Being ashamed of what they have been as they are,

They think they could be erect without standing on the ground; For side-stepping to get to the spring of a bubbling well, Even a monkey would not play such a poor game; The tortoise, before he is burnt for lot-casting in a temple, Always wishes to return to the green water wherefrom it came. So, let me in all solemnity get back home,

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Throwing off my official burden to stay aloof, carefree in mind, To till the rich loam of the eastern upland,

And pay my portion of taxes of corn and millet in kind. The fountain gushes forth its currents among the rocks; The chrysanthemums spread their fairness;

I wish to bathe myself in the ripples of the autumnal stream on the hillside and in the meadows,

And watch the swift darting, in water, of the white minnows. Thus, I may wander freely by the sides of mountains and rivers, Be at large to do what pleases me in this wide human world, Taking ease to the top of my bent,

Passing the end of the year, full well content.

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曹植·《洛神赋》英译

（王恩保、王约西 译） The Goddess of the Luo Cao Zhi

黄初三年，余朝京师，还济洛川。古人有言，斯水之神，名曰宓妃。感宋玉对楚王神女之事，遂作斯赋。其辞曰：

In the third year of the Huangchu (1) era, I attended court at the capital and then crossed the Luo River (2) to begin my journey home. Men in olden times used to say that the goddess of the river is named Fufei. Inspired by the example of Song Yu, who described a goddess to the king of Chu, I eventually composed a fu which read:

余从京域，言归东藩。背伊阙，越轘辕，经通谷，陵景山。日既西倾，车殆马烦。尔乃税驾乎蘅皋，秣驷乎芝田，容与乎阳林，流眄乎洛川。于是精移神骇，忽焉思散。俯则末察，仰以殊观，睹一丽人，于岩之畔。乃援御者而告之曰：―尔有觌于彼者乎？彼何人斯？若此之艳也！‖御者对曰：―臣闻河洛之神，名曰宓妃。然则君王所见，无乃日乎？其状若何？臣愿闻之。‖

Leaving the capital

To return to my fief in the east, Yi Barrier at my back, Up over Huanyuan,

Passing through Tong Valley, Crossing Mount Jing;

The sun had already dipped in the west, The carriage unsteady, the horses fatigued, And so I halted my rig in the spikenard marshes, Grazed my team of our at Lichen Fields (3), Idling a while by Willow Wood (4), Letting my eyes wander over the Luo.

Then my mood seemed to change, my spirit grew restless; Suddenly my thoughts had scattered. I looked down, hardly noticing what was there, Looked up to see a different sight,

To spy a lovely lady by the slopes of the riverbank.

I took hold of the coachman's arm and asked: \– a woman so beautiful!\

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The coachmen replied: \Fufei. What you see, my prince — is it not she? But what does she look like? I beg you to tell me!\余告之曰： And I answered:

―其形也，翩若惊鸿，婉若游龙。荣曜秋菊，华茂春松。仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月，飘飘兮若流风之回雪。远而望之，皎若太阳升朝霞；迫而察之，灼若芙蕖出渌波。襛纤得衷，修短合度。肩若削成，腰如约素。延颈秀项，皓质呈露。芳泽无加，铅华弗御。云髻峨峨，修眉联娟。丹唇外朗，皓齿内鲜，明眸善睐，靥辅承权。瑰姿艳逸，仪静体闲。柔情绰态，媚于语言。奇服旷世，骨像应图。披罗衣之璀粲兮，珥瑶碧之华琚。戴金翠之首饰，缀明珠以耀躯。践远游之文履，曳雾绡之轻裾。微幽兰之芳蔼兮，步踟蹰于山隅。于是忽焉纵体，以遨以嬉。左倚采旄，右荫桂旗。壤皓腕于神浒兮，采湍濑之玄芝。

余情悦其淑美兮，心振荡而不怡。无良媒以接欢兮，托微波而通辞。愿诚素之先达兮，解玉佩以要之。嗟佳人之信修，羌习礼而明诗。抗琼珶以和余兮，指潜渊而为期。执眷眷之款实兮，惧斯灵之我欺。感交甫之弃言兮，怅犹豫而狐疑。收和颜而静志兮，申礼防以自持。……

Her body soars lightly like a startled swan, Gracefully, like a dragon in flight,

In splendor brighter than the autumn chrysanthemum, In bloom more flourishing than the pine in spring; Dim as the moon mantled in filmy clouds, Restless as snow whirled by the driving wind. Gaze far off from a distance;

She sparkles like the sun rising from morning mists; Press closer to examine:

She flames like the lotus flower topping the green wave. In her a balance is struck between plump and frail. A measured accord between diminutive and tall, With shoulders shaped as if by carving, Waist narrow as though bound with white cords; At her slim throat and curving neck The pale flesh lies open to view, No scented ointments overlaying it, No coat of leaden powder applied.

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Or put my staff aside to till and weed, Or climb the eastern hill to whistle and sing, Or compose a verse beside the limpid waters. Thus will I ride on the Flux to meet my end, Glad of Heaven‘s decree without questioning! 罗经国 译 Going Home

Going home! The land will soon lie in waste. Why shouldn't I go home? Since I willingly let my mind be enslaved by my worldly desires, Why should I feel remorseful and sad?

Knowing that what I did in the past cannot be redressed, I can still retrieve my mistakes in the future; I have not gone too far on the wrong path,

And now I am on the right path of today, not the wrong one of yesterday. The boat is moving swiftly ahead with the wind blowing on my garment,

I ask the way from a passer-by and feel sad that there is yet only a gleam of early dawn. The shabby house is in view in the distance, I run happily towards it.

The boy servant comes forward to welcome me, My youngest son is also waiting for me at the gate.

Though the paths in the garden have nearly been decimated, The pine trees and the chrysanthemums are still there. Holding the hand of my child, I walk into the house, There on the table is wine prepared. I take up the wine vessel and drink alone, Enjoying the view of the trees in the garden.

I lean against the south window to indulge in my lofty meditations, Contented with the ease of living in a small house. I find pleasure in walking in the garden every day, Though there is a gate, it is closed all day.

With a staff I roam around, and rest whenever I feel the need, And at times raise my head to look at things in the distance. Clouds drift out aimlessly from behind the mountains, Birds will return to their nests when tired.

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It grows dim as the sun sets,

I linger, stroking the trunk of the solitary pine tree. Going home! I will cut off all human relations. Since the world is at odds with me,

What should I seek by driving out in a carriage? I will have intimate talks with my kinsmen,

And forget my miseries by playing on the harp and reading books. Country folks will come to tell me that spring has come, And that farm work will begin in the western field. I would either ride on a cart, or row a small boat,

Sometimes following a clear and deep stream that leads me to a valley, Sometimes walking along a rugged and bumpy path that takes me over a hill. Trees are growing boisterously, Spring water is flowing smoothly.

I envy all things that enjoy the blessings of nature And feel miserable that my life will soon be over. Alas! How many more days can I live on this earth? Why not take life as it is?

Why do I worry? What am I aspiring to? I do not seek wealth and position,

Nor do I desire to live with fairies and gods. I would go out alone on a fine day,

To cultivate farmland with my staff laid aside. I would shout aloud on the top of the eastern hill, And compose poems by clear streams.

Welcoming death as part of the vicissitudes of life, I would be contented with what is willed by Heaven. What else do I want?

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东方朔·《东方朔自荐书》英译

Herbert A. Giles 译

臣朔少失父母，长养兄嫂。年十三学书，三冬文史足用。十五学击剑。十六学《诗》《书》，诵二十二万言。十九学孙吴兵法，战阵之具，钲鼓之教，亦诵二十二万言。凡臣朔固已诵四十四万言。又常服子路之言。

I lost my parents while still a child, and grew up in my elder brother‘s home. At twelve I learnt to write and within the year I was well advanced in history and composition. At fifteen, I learnt sword exercise; at sixteen, to repeat the Odes and the Book of History—220,000 words in all. At nineteen, I studied the tactics of Sun Wu, the accoutrements of battle array, and the use of the gong and drum, also 220,000 words in all, making a grand total of 440,000 words. I also carefully laid to heart the sayings of the bold Tzu Lu.

臣朔年二十二，长九尺三寸，目若悬珠，齿若编贝，勇若孟贲，捷若庆忌，廉若鲍叔，信若尾生。若此，可以为天子大臣矣。臣朔昧死，再拜以闻。

I am now twenty-two years of age. I am nine feet three inches in height. My eyes are like swinging pearls, my teeth like a row of shells. I am as brave as Meng Fen, as prompt as Chi‘ing Chi, as pure as Pao Shu, and as devoted as Wei Sheng. I consider myself fit to be a high officer of State; and with my wife in my hand, I await your Majesty‘s reply. Self-Recommendation

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刘伶·《酒德颂》英译

孙大雨 译

有大人先生，以天地为一朝，万期为须臾，日月为扃，八荒为庭衢。行无辙迹，居无室庐，幕天席地，纵意所如。止则操卮执觚，动则挈榼提壶，惟酒是务，焉知其余？有贵介公子，搢绅处士，闻吾风声，议其所以。乃奋袂攘襟，怒目切齿，陈说礼法，是非锋起。先生于是方捧甕承槽，衔杯漱醪，奋髯箕踞，枕麴藉糟，无思无虑，其乐陶陶。兀然而醉，豁然而醒。静听不闻雷霆之声，熟视不睹泰山之形，不觉寒暑之切肌，利欲之感情。俯视万物扰扰焉，若江汉之载浮萍，二豪侍侧焉，如蜾蠃之与螟蛉。 In Praise of the Quality of Drinking Liu Ling

There is a gentleman of high virtue and the right way Who takes the heaven and earth as of one morning And ten millenniums a mere wink of a day, The sun and the moon his portal and casement And the eight expanses his courtyard and highway. He comes and goes without a track of his vehicle, Puts up in no room or house wherein to stay, Using the sky as his tent and the ground his mat, Doing whatever seeming to him pleasant and gay. When he stops anywhere, he holds his vase and mug; When he moves on, he takes along his beaker and jug; Wine is the thing always and uppermost in his mind;

What else does he care for but to finger, of a flagon or a pot the lug? There are grand nobles and princes true blue

As well as courtiers high in rank and untitled celebrities too, Who, hearing of my sough of how he behaves himself, Talk of him and the things he deems fit to do.

Tossing the long sleeves and shaking the collar folds of their gowns, Throwing angry looks left and right and setting their teeth, They preach manners and stand for the regular order, With arguments rife as bristling swords out of sheath. Just then our good sire is holding his pot to fill from a cistern, Then imbibes at his stoup and parts the settled less from wine, Puffs up his whiskers while squatting upon his hams,

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Treads the waste dregs but pillows his barm loaves fine. Free from all cumbrous thoughts and nipping cares, Cheerily enjoying his breezy buoyancy under a vine, Now he is overcome with sousing at a sudden stroke, And then, recovering wide-awake, is in spirits divine; He hears not the thunderclaps though listening in quiet,

And looking steadily, sees not Tai Shan‘s towering majesty in the sunshine; He feels not the furies of burning heat and biting cold, Either the lust of desires, or the greed for gain malign. He overlooks the ten thousand puddering things of the world As the Long and the Han Rivers bearing up the tiny ―floating disks,‖ And the two mighty ones waiting on him by the side,

As the black bee, carrying on its back the ―ming-ling‖, that frisks

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诸葛亮·《后出师表》英译

潘正英 译

先帝虑汉、贼不两立，王业不偏安，故托臣以讨贼也。以先帝之明，量臣之才，故知臣伐贼，才弱敌强也。然不伐贼，王业亦亡。惟坐而待亡，孰与伐之？是故托臣而弗疑也。 臣受命之日，寝不安席，食不甘味。思惟北征，宜先入南。故五月渡泸，深入不毛，并日而食；臣非不自惜也，顾王业不可偏安于蜀都，故冒危难，以奉先帝之遗意，而议者谓为非计。今贼适疲于西，又务于东，兵法乘劳，此进趋之时也。谨陈其事如左：

高帝明并日月，谋臣渊深，然涉险被创，危然后安。今陛下未及高帝，谋臣不如良、平，而欲以长策取胜，坐定天下，此臣之未解一也。

刘繇、王朗，各据州郡，论安言计，动引圣人，群疑满腹，众难塞胸；今岁不战，明年不征，使孙策坐大，遂并江东，此臣之未解二也。

曹操智计，殊绝于人，其用兵也，仿怫孙、吴，然困于南阳，险于乌巢，危于祁连，逼于黎阳，几败北山，殆死潼关，然后伪定一时耳。况臣才弱，而欲以不危而定之，此臣之未解三也。

曹操五攻昌霸不下，四越巢湖不成，任用李服而李服图之，委任夏侯而夏侯败亡，先帝每称操为能，犹有此失；况臣弩下，何能必胜？此臣之未解四也。

自臣到汉中，中间期年耳，然丧赵云、阳群、马玉、阎芝、丁立、白寿、刘合、邓铜等，及驱长屯将七十余人，突将、无前、丛叟、青羌、散骑、武骑一千余人。此皆数十年之内，所纠合四方之精锐，非一州之所有；若复数年，则损三分之二也，当何以图敌？此臣之未解五也。

今民穷兵疲，而事不可息；事不可息，则住与行劳费正等；而不及今图之，欲以一州之地，与贼持久，此臣之未解六也。

夫难平者，事也。昔先帝败军于楚，当此时，曹操拊手，谓天下已定。然后先帝东连吴、越，西取巴蜀，举兵北征，夏侯授首：此操之失计，而汉事将成也。然后吴更违盟，关羽毁败，秭归蹉跌，曹丕称帝。凡事如是，难可逆见。

臣鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已；至于成败利钝，非臣之明所能逆睹也

Chu-Ko Kung-ming‘s Second Memorial to the Throne on his Expedition

Having considered the fact that the House of Han could not allow the insurgents to live under the same heaven and that its imperial activity ought not be contented with the enjoying of one-sided peace and tranquility, the late emperor instructed your servant to have the insurgents suppressed. His Majesty, though fully aware of your servant‘s inability to carry out this instruction, trusted him without hesitation; for the trend of events is that should the rebels not be quelled the imperial destiny would be bound to go to rack, so it would seem far much better to fight against them than succumb to them without

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resistance.

Upon receiving His Majesty‘s order, your servant was quite lost in thinking, enjoying no sound sleep and having no good appetite. He was of the opinion that in order to be able to dispatch an expeditionary force to the north, it was essential that matters should first be settled in the south, and he therefore ventured to cross the Lu River in the fifth moon, entering right into the barren region and setting a dietary limit to himself. It is not that he did not know how to care about himself, but that the imperial dignity should not tolerate the maintenance of one-sided peace in Szechuen; this is where he has endeavored to act upon the late emperor‘s instructions, though at his own risk. Such a course of action there are, however, many who are now disposed to criticize or deprecate.

Now the rebels are being engaged in the east and getting exhausted in the west; this is certainly a most propitious time to start a campaign, for taking advantage of the adversary‘s misfortunes is a good policy in military tactics. Your servant begs to submit his views as follows:

With the acumen of Kao Ti — which can be likened to the brilliancy of the sun and moon — and with the counsels of his wise advisers, peace and order was not maintained until many difficulties had been surmounted and untold sufferings sustained. Seeing that Your majesty is not such as Kao Ti and Your Majesty‘s advisers are not such as Chang Liang and Chen Ping, how is it possible to expect to win, while sitting tight and making no attempt to move? This the first point not understood by your servant.

While holding their respective counties, Liu Yu and Wang Lang always quoted from the sages in discussing the situation and in laying their plans, but they were so prone to suspicion and so easily overwhelmed with fear that they failed to make up their mind to fight year after year, until Sun Tse began to rise and annex the entire territory of Kiangtung. This is the second point not understood by your servant.

Notwithstanding the fact that his resourcefulness was almost superhuman and his proficiency in strategies could favorably be compared with that of Sun Ping and Wu Chi, Ts‘ao Ts‘ao was once besieged at Nanyang, then escaped narrowly from Wuchao, then suffered seriously at Chilien, and was finally vehemently pursued at Liyang. At PeisLan he was nearly put to rout; at Tungkwan his escape from death was by a hair-breadth. After all this, he was only able to find himself settling down to enjoy temporary peace. Now in the case of one of much weaker caliber such as your servant, how could settlement be expected without having to go through dangers? This is the third point not understood by your servant?

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In his attacks on Changpa on five different occasions Ts‘ao Ts‘ao was repulsed; in his attempt to cross Lake Chao for four times he met with no success. He employed Li Fu and Li Fu betrayed him; he trusted Hsia How and Hisa How was killed. He was admired by the late emperor for his ability, yet he could not avoid such failures. Then how could one of your servant‘s inability be sure of success? This is the fourth point not understood by your servant.

It is only a year since your servant came to Hanchung. During this time, however, generals such as Chao Yun, Yang Chun, Ma Yu, Yen Chih, Ting Li, Pai Show, Liu Ho, Teng Tung, etc., and seventy odd majors and garrison commanders have been dead, together with over a thousand brave generals of foreign birth and well-disciplined cavaliers. They were among the best of the elements, not belonging to one district only, but gathered together from various sources in all directions during the last tens of years. If it happens that another few years are allowed to pass without any action being taken, the result will be that two thirds of these elements will have been lost. Then with what will the enemy be attacked? This is the fifth point not understood by your servant.

The people are now impoverished and the military strength is on the wane, yet we cannot afford to rest satisfied with the present condition of affairs. Under the circumstance, it would seem to involve the same amount of energy whether we stand still in the rear or take the offensive at the front. It is, therefore, inexplicable that while few appear to be prepared to take time by the forelock, there are many who are content with the keeping of one district to stand face to face with the rebels. This is the sixth point not understood by your servant.

It may be stated that it is exceedingly difficult to bring the current of events to a standstill. At the time when the late emperor was signally defeated in Hupeh, Ts‘ao Ts‘ao chuckled with glee at the impression that the situation began to be settled in his favor. But later, when His Majesty threw in his lot with Wu and Yueh in the east acquired Szechuen in the west, and launched a campaign in the north resulting in the killing of Hsia How, it appeared likely that Ts‘ao Ts‘ao‘s plan was doomed to failure, while that of Han was going to be crowned with success. Shortly afterwards, however, Wu broke off its agreement; Kuan Yu lost the day; the late emperor got the worst of it at Tzukuei and Ts‘ao Pei assumed the title of emperor. All this goes to show how this course of things is often too uncertain to admit of forecast.

Your servant, therefore, desires to do all he can, even to the last drop of his blood, but without being able to foretell the consequences.

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Adopted from the Battle of Red Cliff by Z. Q. Parker.

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郦道元·《三峡》英译

谢百魁 译

自三峡七百里中，两岸连山，略无阙处。重岩叠嶂，隐天蔽日，自非亭午夜分，不见曦月。 至于夏水襄陵，沿沂、阻绝。或王命急宣，有时朝发白帝，暮到江陵。其间千二百里，虽乘奔御风不以疾也。

春冬之时，则素湍绿潭，回清倒影。绝巘多生怪柏，悬泉瀑布，飞漱其间。清荣峻茂，良多趣味。

每至晴初霜旦，林寒涧肃，常有高猿长啸，属引凄异。空谷传响，哀转久绝。故渔者歌曰：―巴东三峡巫峡长，猿鸣三声泪沾裳！‖ The Three Gorges Li Daoyuan

On the banks of the Three Gorges which wind about seven hundred li, there are mountains upon mountains extending in an unbroken chain, with the overlapping cliffs and peaks eclipsing the sunlight. The sun and the moon are invisible except at noon or midnight. At the time when summer floods submerge hillocks, the waterway is blocked to boats going upstream or downstream. But in case when an emperor's edict must be dispatched without delay, a shallop may be sailed from Baidi Town in the morn and arrive at Jiangling at eve, covering a distance of one thousand and two hundred li at a speed exceeding that of a galloping horse or harnessed wind.

Spring and winter are given a particular and delightful charm by the white rapids and green pools with their eddying ripples and their reflections of mountains, or by the fantastically shaped cypresses growing on the summits of peaks or by the hanging cascades flinging sprays between the cliffs, imparting a sense of everything being so limpid and lucid, so lofty and forbidding, yet so lush and thriving.

On the first sunny days and frosty mornings when the woods look chilly and the dells seem sombre and grave, apes are heard to be whining on high, causing a prolonged feeling of disconsolation, and the sound, vibrating in the hollow ravines, only vanishes after a long melancholy echoing. That accounts for the fishermen's song: \is the longest of the three in the Ba region's eastern part, three cries of the monkeys bring forth your tears, wetting your sleeves and distressing your heart.\

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