英美文学选读40道选择题考前强化训练&高等自学考试指定教材冲刺

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1.Multiple choice （40 points in all ， 1 for each ）

select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or complets the statement . Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A.B.C or D on the answer sheet .

1. In the medieval period ， it is Chaucer alone who ， for the first time in English literature ， presented to usa comprehensive ___________ picture of the English society of his time and created a whole galery of vivid ___________ from all walks of life in his masterpiece “the Canterbury Tales ”。

A. visionary / women

B. romantic /men

C. realistic / characters

D. natural / figures

2. Humanism spmg from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious ， intellectual side ，for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on the conception that man is the __________ of all things .

A. measure

B. king

C. lover

D. rule

3. Many people today tend to regard the play “ The Merchant of Venice ” as a satire of the hypocrisy of __________ and their false standards of friendship and love ， their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _________ .

A. Christians / Jews

B. Jews / Christians

C. oppressors / oppressed

D. people / Jews

4. In “ Sonnet 18 ” ， Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of _________ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves .

A. death/ life

B. death/ love

C. time / beauty

D. hate / love

5. In the 18th century English literature ， the representative writer of neo-classicism is __________ .

A. Pope

B. Swift

C. Defoe

D. Milton

6. The ______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century .

A. Renaissance

B. Enlightenmrent

C. Religious Reformation

D. Chartist Movement

7. Blake ， Wordsworth ， ___________ ， Byron ， Shelley and __________ are the major Romantic poets .

A. Coleridage / Southey

B. Coleridge / Keats

C. Keats / Scott

D. Scott / Coleridge

8. Best of all the well -known lyric pieces written by P.B. Shelley is the poet “________” ， for here his rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to him .

A. To a skylark

B. The Cloud

C. Ode to the West Wind

D. Men of England

9.In his early novels ， Charles Dickens attacks one or more specific social evils in each ： for example ， the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark ， criminal underworld life in “______________” .

A.The pickwich Paper

B.David Copperfield

C.Oliver Twist

D.A Tale of Two Cities

10. The title of the novel “ Vanity Fair ” was taken from Bunyan's masterpiece __________.

A. The pilgrim's Progress

B. Gulliver's Travels

C. Hard Times

D. Wuthering Heights

11. G.B. Shaw's plays have plots ，but they do not work by plots . It is the vitality of the __________ that takes primacy over mere story .

A. characterization

B. depiction

C. talk

D. metaphor

12. The title of the novel “ A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ” written by James Joyce suggests a character study with strong _________ elements .

A. autobiographical

B. sentimental

C. joyful

D. bitter

13. A typical Forsyte ， according to John Galsworthy ， is a man with a strong sense of __________ ， who never pays any attention to human feelings .

A. property

B. justice

C. morality

D. humor

14. According to D.H. Lawrence ， the __________ is most resposible for the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human personality .

A. pride of the aristocratic class

B. vanity of the middle class

C. man's desire for power and money

D. capitalist mechanical civilization

15. G.B. Shaw's play ， Mrs . Warren's frofession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the _______________.

A. slum landlordism

B. political corruption in England

C. economic oppression of women

D. religious corruption in England

16.In Shaw 's play ， Mrs Warren's Profession ， Mrs. Warren once said ：“ If there is a thing I hate in a woman ，it's want of character. ” The word “want ” here means __________.

A.desire

B. lack

C.possession

D. need

17. According to the ideas discussed in Chapter 13 of The Man of Property ， the tense relationship between Soames ， the husband ，and Irene ， the wife ， is caused by __________.

A.Irene's free-minded way of thinking

B.Irene's love for Bosinney

C. Soames's love for Irene

D. Soames's strong desire to possess Irene

18. Thematically Yeats's poem ， “ The Lake Isle of Innisfree ”，__________________.

A. celebrates the rich and colorful life of the modern people

B.criticizes the emptiness of the hermit's life in the remote country .

C. laments the loss of the Irish legendary tradition

D. laments the emptiness of the urban life and advocates a return to the simple and serene life of nature documentary precision are main features of his writing .

19. Eliot's poem ， The Waste Land ， is mainly concerned with the _________ of a modern civilization .

A. social corruption

B. spiritual breakup

C. physical breakup

D. religious corruption

20. Eliot 's “ The love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock ” is presented as a （n） __________， suggesting an ironic contrast between a pretended “ love song ” and a confession of his incapability of facing up to love and to life in a sterile upper-class world .

A. interior monologue

B. authentic dialogue

C. lyric song

D. religious confession

21. The excerpt from Chapter 10 of Sons and Lovers ends with the conflict between Paul and his mother . The conflict is possibly caused by Paul and his mother's different views towards __________ .

A. Paul's father

B. art

c. life

D. Paul's brother

22. The __________ can be regarded as one of the themes of Joyce's story “ Araby ” .

A. loss of innocence

B. childish love

c. awareness of harsh life

D. false sentimentality

23. After reading “ Araby ” ， one may feel the story has a _________ tone .

A. joyous

B. harsh

c. solemn

D. painful

24. In “Araby ” ， Joyce's diction evokes a sort of __________ quality that characterizes the boy on his otherwise altogether ordinary shopping trip .

A. religious

B. moral

C. sentimental

D. vulgar

25. The major concern of ___________ fiction lies in the tracing of the psycholoical development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature .

A. D. H. Lawrence 's

B. J. Galsworthy's

C. W. Thackeray 's

D. T. Hardy's

26. The mission of __________ drama was to reveal the moral ， political and economic truth from a radical reformist point of view .

A. T.S. Eliot's

B. J. Galsworthy's

C. W. Thackerary 's

D. T. Hardy 's

27. Irving was best know for his famous short stories such as ___________ .

A. Rip Van Winkle

B. Young Goodman Brown

C. Life of Goldsmith

D. Life of Washington

28. Melville's ___________ is an encycolopedia of everything ， history ， philosophy ， religion ， etc .

A. The Old Man and the Sea

B.Moby - Dick

C. White Jacket

D. Billy Budd

29 . Mark Twain created ， in ____________ ， a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature .

A. Huckleberry Finn

B. Tom Sowyer

C. The Gilded Age

D. The Mysterious Stranger

30. American literature produced only one female poet during the ninetheenth century ， This was ___________ .

A. Anne Bradsteet

B. Jane Austen

c. Emily Dickinson

D. T. S. Eliot

31. The main theme of ___________ The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel .

A. Henry James'

B. Mark Twain's

C. Theodore Dreiser's

D. William Howells'

32. In the 1920s， O'Neil established an international reputation with the plays _________.

A. The Emperor Jones

B. Anna Christle

C. The Hairy Ape

D. all of the above

33.In 1954 ， ___________ was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for his “ mastery of the art of modern narration . ”

A. T.S. Eliot

B. Ernest Hemingway

C. John Steinbeck

D.William Faulkner

34. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd ； Petals on a wet ， black bough . ” This is the shortest poem written by _____________.

A. T.S. Eliot

B. Robert Frost

C. Ezra Pound

D. Emily Dickinson

35. In Robert Frost 's famous poems “ Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening ”， there are four lines like these ：“ The woods are lovely ，dark and deep ， /But I have promises to keep ， ？And miles to go before I sleep ， / And miles to go before I sleep ”。 The second sleep refers to _____________.

A. die

B. calm down

C. fall into sleep

D. stop walking

36. Of the following American poets ， whose work was first recognized in England and then in America ？ ___________.

A. Robert Frost

B. Walt Whitman

C. Emily Dickinson

D. Wallace Stevens

37. “ For I have had too much / Of apple-picking： I am overtired / Of the great harvest I myself desired ”。 From these lines we can conclude that the speaker ____________.

A. is happy about the harvest

B. is tired of the work of apple-picking

C. is not tired when seeing the harvest

D. becomes indifferent of the job

38. Chinese poetry and philosophy had great influence on _____ .

A. Robert Frost

B. Ralph Waldo Emerson

C. Ezra Pound

D. Emily Dickinson

39. The Hemingway code heroes are best remembered for their ________________ .

A. indestructible spirit

B. pessimistic view of life

C. war experiences

D. masculinity

40. Lots of people rushed to Gatsby's party at the weekend and they clustered around Castsby 's wealth like ______________ .

A. gluttons

B. flies

C. insects

D. moths

1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.D 19.B 20 A 21.C 22.A 23.D 24.A 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.B 29.A 30. C 31.A 32.D 33.B 34.C 35.A 36.A 37.B 38.C 39.A 40.D

高等自学考试指定教材冲刺模拟试卷1

I Multiple Choice （ 40 points in all ， 1 for each ）

1. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events ， such as the rediscovery of ancient _____ and ______ culture ， the new discoveries in geography and astrology ， the religious reformation and teh economic expansion .

A. Chinese / Indian

B. Hebrew / Egyptian

C. Roman / Greek

D. Britain / American

2. Geoffrey Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and _____ dispositions .

A. individual

B. collective

C. social

D. natural

3. William Shakespeare's history plays are mainly written under the _____ that national unity under a mighty and just sovereigh is a ______ .

A. fact / possibility

B. story / probability

C. principle / necessity

D. reality / truth

4. The _____ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century .

A. Renaissance

B. Enlightenment

C. Religious

D. Chartist Movement

5. The two collections of poems written by William Blake ， ______ and ____________ ， hold the similar subject-matter ， but the tone ， emphasis and conclusion differ .

A. Songs of Innocence / Songs of Experience

B. Poetical Sketches / Songs of Innocence

C. Poetical Sketches / Marriage of Heaven and Hell

D. Songs fo Innocenced / Songs of Experienced

6. As a leading Romanticist ， George Gordon Byron's chief contribution is his creation of the “____” hero ， a proud ， mysterious rebel figure ， of noble origin .

A. Byronic

B. Romantic

C. Oriented

D. Optimistic

7. The ________ are generally regarded as John Keats' most important and natural works .

A. epics

B. lyrics

C. odes

D. poetry

8. John Keats ' Ode to a Nightingale expresses the contrast between the happy world of ____ loveliness and human of agony .

A. fairy

B. natural

C. pastoral

D. optimistic

9. The novel Jane Eyre mainly tells a story about the love affair of Jane Eyre and Mr. _____.

A. Rochester

B. Bumble

C. Linton

D. Hindley

10. The story of Wuthering Heights is told mainly by Nelly ， _______ s' old nurse ， to Mr. Lockwood ， a temporary tenant at Grange . The latter gives an account of what he sees at wuthering Heights .

A. Heathcliff

B. Catherine

C. Hindley

D. Jane Eyre

11. The theme of the novel The Man of Property is that of the predominant _______ instinct of the Forsytes and its effects upon the personal relationships of the family with the underlying assumption that human relationships of the contemporary English society are merely an extension of property relationships .

A. sexual

B. human

C. possessive

D. cruel

12. The Waste Land is a poem concerned with the spiritual _____ of a modern civilization in human life which has lost its meaning ， significance and purpose .

A. breakup

B. conform

C. happiness

D. disappointment

13. Ulysses ， James Joyce's masterpiece ， gives an account of man's life during one day （16 June ， 1904 ） in Dublin ， The whole novel is divided into

18 episodes in correspondence with the ____ hours of the day.

A. 24

B. 20

C. 12

D. 18

14. The three major characters in Ulysses are ______ ， an Irish Jew ， his wife ， Marion Tweedy Bloom .

A. Leopold Bloom

B. Stephen Dedalus

C. Paul Morel

D. Afred Prufrock

15. As a philosophical and literary movement ， _______ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War .

A. modernism

B. rationalism

C. sentimenetalism

D. transcendentalism

16. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocate in ______and Thoreau .

A. Jefferson

B. Emerson

C. Freneau

D. Oversoul

17. Mark Twain created ， in _______ ， a masterpiece of American realism

combined iambic and anapaestic feet . Most line have three feet and some four . The rhyme scheme is ______ .

A. a b c d

B. a b a b

C. a a b b

D. a b c a

38. On the whole ， Browning 's style is _______ that of any other Victorian poets .

A. different with

B. same as

C. good as

D. strange as

39. ________ and other Transcendentalists believed that there should be an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “ oversoul ” .

A. Hawthorne

B. Melville

C. Whitman

D. Emerson

40. _____________ tells a simple but very moving story in which four people living in a Puritan community are involved in and affected by the sin of adultery in different ways .

A. Young Goodman Brown

B. Moby Dick

C. The Scarlet Letter

D. Daisy Miller

高等自学考试指定教材冲刺模拟试卷2

I Multiple Choice （ 40 points in all ， 1 for each ）

1. The Renaissance was _______ in reaching England not only because of England ''s separation from the Continent ， but also because of its domestic unrest .

A. quick

B. slow

C. speedy

D. deep

2. Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse .

A. rhymed

B. alliterative

C. romantic

D. visionary

3. In the history play Henry IV ， William Shakespeare present the _____ spirit for the integrity of England .

A. pessimistic

B. optimistic

C. patriotic

D. active

4. In the 18th century English literature ， teh representative writer of new -classicism is ________.

A. Swift

B. Defoe

C. Milton

D. Pope

5. A number of poems from Songs of Innocence find a counterpart in Songs of Experience .Infant Joy is matched with Infant Sorrow ， and the pure Lambis paired with the flaming ________ .

A. The Chimney Sweeper

B. London

C. Sheep

D. Tyger

6. The unifying principle in _____ written by G.G. Byron is the basic ironic theme of appearance and reality .

A. Child Harold ''s Pilgrimage

B. Cain

C. Don Juan

D. Hours of Idleness

7. Jane Austen ''s main literary concern is about human beings in their ______ relationships . Because of this ， her novels have a universal significance .

A. personal

B. natural

c. satisfied

D. hostile

8. Among the famous novelists of the Victorian period were the critical realists

like _____， William Makepeace Thackery ， Charlotte Bronte ， Emily Bronte ， Mrs . Gaskell and Anthony Trollope ， etc .

A. Thomas Hardy

B. Charles Dickens

C. Robert Browning

D. Jane Austen

9. The short lyric Break ，Break ， Break ， is written in memory of ______ ''s best friend ， Arthur Hallam ， whose death has a lifelong influence on the poet .

A. Afred Tennyson

B. Robert Browning

C. Emily Bronte

D. Charlotte Bronte

10. Reading _____ ''s Crossing the Bar ， we can feel his fearlessness towards death ， his faith in God and afterlife .

A. Afred Tennyson

B. Robert Browning

C. John Keats

D. Emily Dickins

11. Generally speaking ， _________ is the best of T.S. Eliot''s plays in the sense that it contains the best poetry and the most coherent drama .

A.Murder in the Cathedral

B. The Cocktail Party

C. Hamlet

D. The Family Reunion

12. With his conversion to ______ in 1927 ， T.S. Eliot characterized his Four Quartes by a philosophical and emotional calm quite in contrast to the despair and suffering of his early works .

A. Catholicism

B. Protestantism

C. Anglicanism

D. Enlightenment

13. In his novel Ulysses ， James Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole _____ by providing an instance of how a single event contains all the events of its kind ， and how history is recapitulated in the happenings of one day .

A. animal kingdom

B. human life

C. Ireland

D. Britain

14. In his Finnegan''s Wake ， an encycleopedic work ， James Joyce ambitiously attempted to pack the whole history of mankind into _______ .

A. one man''s mind

B. one night''s dream

C. one story

D. one lyric poem

15. Transcendentalists recognized _____ as the “ highest power of the soul ”。

A. intuition

B. Thoreau

C. Mark Twain

D. Dreiser

17. Where Mark Twain satirized European manners at times ， ________ was an admirer .

A. O.Henry

B. Henry James

C. Walt Whitman

D. Jack London

18. “ The Way of the Beaten ： A Harp in the Wind ，” this is the title of one chapter in Dreiser'' s novel _______ .

A. An American Tragedy

B. Sister Carrie

C. Dreiser Looks at Russia

D. Jannie Gerhardt

19. The American “ Thirties ” ， lasted from the crash ， through the ensuing Great Depression ， until the outbreak of the Second World War 1939 . This was a period of _____ .

A. poverty

B. important social movement

C. a new social consciousness

D. all of the above

20. In the pre-war period ， such writers as _______ ， pointed out the contradictions between what American preached and they practiced .

A. Mark Twain

B. Stephen Grane

C. Theodore Dreise

D. all of the above

21. The period of the old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066 ， the year of the ______ of England .

A. religious Reformation

B. Norman Conquest

C. Roman Invasion

D. the centralization of power

22. The ______ movement in the eighteenth century Europe was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries .

A. Enlightenment

B. Renaissance

C. Sentimental

D. Transcendental

23. As a lexicographer ， Samuel Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English _______ by an Englishman .

A. novel

B. drama

C. poetry

D. dictionary

24. The novel Oliver Twist presents Oliver Twist as Charles Dickens'' first ______ hero .

A. female

B. male

C. child

D. imaginary

25. _______ is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since William Shakespeare .

A. George Bernard Shaw

B. Richard Brinsley Sheridan

C. Christopher Marlowe

D. John Donne

26. T.S. Eliot ''s classic expression of the temper of his age is ________ .

A. The Waste Land

B. Ash Wednesday

C. Four Quartets

D. The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock

27. The short story ________ is taken from Irving ''s work named The Sketch Book .

A. Young Goodman Brown

B. The legend of sleepy Hollow

C. Rip Van Wrinkle

D. Nature

28. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne ''s novel _______________ .

A. The House of the Seven Gables

B. The Scarlet Letter

C. Moby Dick

D. Daisy Milly

29. American writers of the first postwar era self-consciously acknowledged that they were a “_______________” .

A. Lost Generation

B. Broken Generation

C. Optimist

D. Pessimist

30. Fitzgerald summarized the experiences and attitudes of the 1920s decade in his masterpiece novel _______ .

A. This Side of Paradise

B. Tender Is the Night

C. The American Dream

D. The Great Gatsby

31. _________ ， the first important English essayist ， is best known for his essays which greatly influenced the development of this literary form .

A. John Donne

B. John Milton

C. Francis Bacon

D. Edmund Spenser

32. Pope''s An Essay on Criticism is a didactic poem written in ________ .

A. blank verse

B. heroic couplets

C. free verse

D. dramatic monologue

33. According to Edmund Spenser''s own explanation ， his The Faerie

Queene is a “________” ， but it is also an allegory .

A. imaginary poem

B. historical poem

C. romantic poem

D. poetic drama

34. Sheridan''s plays ， especially The Rivals and The school for Scandal ， are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of ________.

A. Christopher Marlow

B. John Galsworthy

C. Bernard Shaw

D. James Joyce

35. Shelley''s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama —— __________ .

A. Promethus Unbound

B. Ode to the West Wind

C. Adonais

D. In Defense of Poetry

36. Charlotte Bronte''s works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization ， about some lonely and neglected _______ .

A. young man

B. young woman

C. children

D. old people

37. In general ， Browning ''s _______ are not meant to entertain the readers with the usual acoustic and visual pleasures ， but they are supposed to keep them alert ， thoughtful and enlightened .

A. novels

B. essays

C. plays

D. poems

38. ________ novels are all Victorian in date . Most of them are set in Wessex ， the fictional primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates .

A. Hardy''s

B. Bronte''s

C. Lawrence''s

D. Joyce''s

39. In his essay ， _______ clearly expresses the main principles of his Transcnedentalist pursuit and his love for nature .

A. Francis Bacon

B. Walt Whitman

C. Ralph Waldo Emerson

D. Ezra Pound

40. In ______ ， Hawthorne discusses sin and evil and sets out to prove that everyone posesses some evil secret .

A. The Scarlet Letter

B. Young Goodman Brown

C. Sister Carrie

D. Daisy Milly

高等自学考试指定教材冲刺模拟试卷3

1. The Renaissance ， in essence ， is a historical period in which the European ____ thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe ， to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoise ， and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic church .

A. religious

B. great

C. optimistic

D. humanist

2. Today ， Geoffrey Chaucer's reputation has been securely established as one of the best English _____ for his wisdom ， humor ，and humanity .

A. dramatists

B. novelists

C. poets

D. humanist

3. Many people today tend to regard the play The Merchant of Venice as a satire of the hypocrisy of _______ and their false standards of friendship and love ， their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against ________ .

A. Christians / Jews

B. Jews / Christians

C. oppressors / oppressed

D. men/ women

4. During the reign of reason the enlightenment meant education of people to free them from all the unreasonable fetters which include ______ .

A. theology

B. conventional ideology

C. feudal governmental forms

D. all of the above

5. Returning to England from Germany in 1799 ， William Wordsworth and his sister settled at Dove Cottage in Grasmere ， Westmoreland . The poet _____ as well as ______ lived nearby ， and the three became known as the lake poets .

A. Samuel Taylor Coleridge / George Gordon Byron

B. Robert Southey / Samuel Taylor Coleridge

C. John Keats / Robert Southey

D. George Gordon Byron / Percy Bysshe Shelley

6. The ________ are generally regarded as John Keat's most important and nature works .

A. epics

B. lyrics

C. odes

D. poetry

7. As a _______ writer ， Jane Austen considers it her duty to express in her works a discriminated and serious criticism of life ， and to expose the follies and illusions of mankind .

A. romantic

B. sentimentalist

C. pessimistic

D. realistic

8. In the Victorian period ， ____ ， that Wessex man ， not only continued to expose and criticize all sorts of social iniquities ， but finally came to question and attack the Victorian conventions and morals .

A. Charles Dickens

B. William Makepeace Thackeray

C. Thomas Hardy

D. Charlotte Bront

9. In Aflred Tennyson's poem Ulyssess he depicts ______ who ， old as he is ， persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge .

A. Telemachucs

B. Ulyssess

C. Achilles

D. man

10. The publication of _____ ， Robert Browing's masterpiece ， in 1869 ， finally established the poet's position as one of teh greatest English poets .

A. In Memorian

B. The Ring and the book

C. Maud

D. Crossing the Bar

11. The love Song of J Afred Prufrock ， in a form of dramatic monologue ， presents the meditation of an aging _____ man over the business of proposing marriage.

A. grown

B. lunatic

C. old

D. young

12. Down by the Salley Gardens ， a short poem by W. B. Yeats ， is a reconstruction of an old ________ the poet heard from an old peasnat woman .

A. story

B. song

C. fairy tale

D. drama

13. ______ is reagarded as the most prominent stream-of -consciousness novels the psychic being of the characters.

A. Thomas Hardy

B. D. H. Lawrence

C. T. S. Eliot

D. James Joyce

14. Each of the 15 stories in Dubliners written by James Joyce presents an aspect of “ dear dirty Dublin ” ， an aspect of the city's _____ moral ， political of spiritual .

A. life

B. incidents

C. paralysis

D. useless

15. The finest example of Hawthorne 's symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in _____ .

A. The Scarlet Letter

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