2011年自考《英语（一）》考前重点复习Unit 25

2011年自考《英语(一)》考前重点复习Unit 25

Text A American Men Don't Cry

Ⅰ.New words

1.带有前缀的单词：

disapprove v. 不赞成（of）

disapproval n.

discourage vt. 1.使泄气，使沮丧；2.阻拦

encourage v. 鼓舞，鼓励

unable a. 不能的，不会的（to + v.）

incapacity n. 无能力的，不能

inability n. 无能，无能为力

unnecessary adj. 不必要的， 多余的

disequilibrate vt. 打破…的平衡

restore vt. 使恢复，（使）回复

2.带有后缀的单词：

weakness n. 软弱；缺点 ←→ advantage/merit 优点，优势

childishness n. 幼稚

dependence n. 依靠

permit v. 准许，允许

permission n. 允许

permissive a. 准许的，允许的

stable a. 稳定的

stability n. 稳定性，稳定；坚定，恒心

intend v. 准备，打算

intention n. 打算，计划

confuse v. 混淆，混乱

confusion n. 混乱，慌乱；混淆

necessity n. 需要，必要性；必需品

necessary a. 需要的

interference n. 干涉，干预；妨碍

maintenance n. 维持，保持；维修；坚持，维护

animated a. 栩栩如生的；生气勃勃的

lessen vt. 减轻，减少；缩小，贬低

vi. 变少

核心词汇：

1.childlike 孩子般的，天真无邪

eg： It is difficult for us to have the childlike enjoyment now. 现在对于我们来说，想要享受孩子般的欢乐实在是太难了。

childish 幼稚的，傻里傻气的

eg： Don't be so childish. 不要再这么孩子气了。

2.disapprove of 不赞成…（但不一定表示反对）

Eg： She wants to be an actress， but her parents disapprove of her intentions.

The father disapproved of his daughter's marriage to the poor fellow.

3.discourage 使泄气，使沮丧；

阻拦 discourage …。 from…。

Eg： Tom was discouraged with life when the beautiful girl refused his love.

Parents should discourage their children from smoking.

4.restore 使恢复，使回复

① 将（失物）归还原主

Eg： Police restored the stolen jewels to the owner.

② 使某人/某物回复到原处或原位

Eg： He restored his dictionary to the shelf.

③ 使某人/某物恢复原先的状况

Eg：After the operation， he restored his sight. （视力）

interfere in sth. 在某件事上打扰

interfere with sb. 打扰了某人

interference（n.）in/with sth.

eg： Don't interfere in matters that don't concern you. 不要干预与你无关的事情。

We can't understand his interference in/with the other's domestic （家庭的） matters.

6.damage n.

do /cause damage to 对某人或某物造成部分性的损伤。

eg： The accident did/caused a lot of damage to the car.

7.lessen v.

eg： We should gradually lessen the difference between the city and the countryside.

8.defect /fault /error /mistake 都可以表示没有做对事情或事情做得不妥。

1）Mistake在四个词中表意最笼统，可以用在日常的各种情况当中

Eg： Your essay is full of mistakes.

It was a mistake to go there on holiday.

2）Error比mistake更书面化，通常用于书面语或比较正规的情况下。

Eg： It is a technical error.

3）Fault侧重于造成错误的个人责任。

Eg： The child broke the window， but it was his parents' fault for letting him playing indoors.

He has many faults， but laziness is not one of them.

4）Defect指严重的缺陷

The new car has to be withdrawn from the market because of a mechanical defect.

9.intend to do = plan to do 打算做某事

intention n.

Eg： If I've hurt your feelings it was quite without intention. 如果我伤害了你的感情，完全是出于无意。

10.confusion n.

confuse v.

Eg： Her unexpected arrival threw us into total confusion. 她来得很突然，使我们完全不知所措。

They confused me by asking so many questions.

11.necessity n.

Eg： Necessity is the mother of invention. 需要是发明之母。

Food， clothing and shelter are all basic necessities of life. 衣、食、住是生活的基本必需品。

Phrase：

1.in the least 一点，丝毫（不）（用于否定句）

Eg： They are not in the least interested in skiing.

2.to disapprove （of） 不同意

3.with regard to关于…，对于… = in regard to = in regard of

Eg： With regard to price， we think it is too high.

4.feel like sth./ doing sth. 想做某事，愿意做某事

Eg： I feeling like （having） a drink.

5.not that …… but that … 不是因为…而是因为

Eg： I can not attend your birthday party not that I'm unwilling to but that I have no time.

6.（in）capacity to do （没）有…能力做

7.as a whole 作为一个整体；总的来说

Eg： As a whole， the climate here is very nice.

8.（in-） ability to （没）有…的能力（这里to不是介词是不定式）

Eg： He has the ability to do the work.

9.among other things 除了其它方面，此外

Eg： Mr. Smith returned to his hometown among other things， to see his old mother.

10. clear …of … 把…从…中清除

Eg： People are clearing the streets of snow.

Ⅱ.Text A

American Men Don't Cry

译：美国男子汉一般不会哭

American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of men to do so.

译：美国的男子汉一般都不会哭。因为男子汉要哭了，那就被认为这个人不具备男子汉的特征。

1.A is characteristic of B A是B的特征

eg. Honesty is characteristic of children.

Only women cry.Cry is a ―weakness‖ characteristic of the female， and no American male wants to be identified with anything in the least weak or feminine.

译：只有妇女才哭。哭是女性软弱的表现。不论做什么事，没有任何一个美国男人想要让人家认为有丝毫懦弱或者像个女人似的。

2.be identified with 认为…等同于

Eg： He identifies her happiness with his own. （这里用的是主动形式identify with）

You can't identify money with happiness.

Smoking is identified with committing suicide.

In the least 一点

Crying， in our culture， is identified with childishness， with weakness and dependence. No one likes a crybaby， and we disapprove of crying even in children， discouraging it in them as early as possible. In a land so devoted to the pursuit of happiness as ours， crying really is rather un-American.

译：在我们的思想文化观念当中，哭哭啼啼总是跟孩子气、懦弱、不能自立联系在一起的。没有任何人会喜欢一个哭闹的孩子，所以即使对儿童来说，我们也不赞成他们哭，尽可能从很小的时候起，越早越好，鼓励孩子们不要哭。在像我们这样一个热衷于追求幸福快乐的国家里，哭哭啼啼实在不太合乎美国人的风度。

Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which it is permissible for a child to cry. Women being the ―weaker‖ and ―dependent‖ sex， it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations. In women， crying is excusable. But in men， crying is a mark of weakness. So goes the American belief with regard to crying.

译：成年人都必须知道，凡在允许小孩子哭的情况下，成年人都不应该哭。因为女性是一种―软弱的‖、―依赖男人的‖性别，女性在特定的环境下引起感情波动，若是哭一通也是很自然的。对妇女们来说，哭是可以原谅的。可是对男人来说，哭就会给人留下软弱无能的印象。于是美国人对于哭泣的看法就这样产生了。

mark n.标志；品牌

go 表示进行，起作用

eg. The meeting went better than we have expected.

―A little man，‖ we impress on our male children， ―never cries. Only girls and crybabies do.‖ And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.

3.impress on/upon 牢记，铭记；给…以极深的印象

eg： We impress on the young people that pride goes before a fall. 我们让青年人牢记骄者必败

condition

n.情况，境况 v.使适应，使习惯

in the condition of 在…情况下

at the condition 处于…情况下

译：我们让我们的男性儿童铭记在心：―一个小男子汉永远也不会哭的，只有女孩子和刚刚生下来的小娃娃才会哭。‖所以每当美国的男性想要哭的时候，我们就训练他们憋住别哭。

It is not that American males are unable to cry because of some biological time clock within them which causes them to run down in that capacity as they grow older， but that they are trained not to cry.

Run down 用尽，耗尽；变弱

Eg. If you leave your head lights on， you will soon run down your battery.

译：这并不是因为他们随着年龄的增长，体内某个生物钟上的哭的能力已经消耗殆尽，而是因为他们被训练得不许哭。

And so the ―little man‖ controls his desire to cry and goes on doing so until he is unable to cry even when he wants to.

译：于是这―小男子汉‖想哭的时候，也老是憋着不哭，一直憋到甚至当他想哭的时候也不会哭了。

Thus do we produce a trained incapacity in the American male to cry. And this is bad.

thus放在句首句子要倒装

译：这样，我们就致使美国男性被训练成不会哭的人了。这很不好。

Why is it bad？ Because crying is a natural function of the human organism which is designed to restore the emotionally disequilibrated person to a state of equilibrium.

译：为什么不好呢？因为哭是人的有机体中的一种很自然的功能，有这一功能就是为了让那些感情上失去了平衡的人，能恢复到感情上平衡的状态。

The return of the disequilibrated organ systems of the body to steady states or dynamic stability is known as homeostasis. Crying serves a homeostatic function for the organism as a whole. Any interference with homeostasis is likely to be damaging to the organism. And there is good reason to believe that the American male's trained incapacity to cry is seriously damaging to him.

译：把人体失去了平衡的器官体系恢复到稳定状态或恢复到正常运作状态下的稳定状态，被称为体内平衡。哭对于整个生物体的体内平衡起作用。对体内平衡的任何干扰都有可能损害人的有机体。所以，我们有充分的理由相信，把美国男性训练得不会哭，这会对美国男性造成严重的损害。

It is unnecessary to cry whenever one wants to cry， but one should be able to cry when one ought to cry - when one needs to cry. For to cry under certain emotionally disequilibrating conditions is necessary for the maintenance of health.

for ：引导原因状语从句

译：一个人不论任何时候想哭就哭，这实在是没有必要；但是当一个人应该哭的时候——也就是一个人需要哭的时候，应该能够哭出来。因为哭上一通在内心感情失衡的情况下，对保持身体健康是必要的。

To be human is to weep. The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that sheds tears. The trained inability of any human being to weep is lessening of his capacity to be human - a defect which usually goes deeper than the mere inability to cry.

go 进行，起作用

译：只要是人就会落泪。在整个动物世界里，人类这个物种是唯一的会流泪的物种。把一个人训练成不会落泪的人，这就减少了他作为一个人所应有的能力。减少一个人所应有的能力，这一缺陷比仅仅是不会哭泣在意义上要深远得多。

And this， among other things， is what American parents - with the best intentions in the world - have achieved for the American male. It is very sad. If we feel like it， let us all have a good cry - and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.

译：而这一点，尤其是这一点，正是那些怀着人间最美好的用心的美国父母们给美国男性养成的。简直是太可悲了。如果我们想哭的话，那就让我们好好地哭上一通吧，把那些很长时间以来使我们不能理解哭这种天性的需要、像蜘蛛网一样束缚人思想的种种糊涂想法，从我们的脑海中清除得干干净净吧。

Ⅲ.Vocabulary Exercises

For each sentence， fill in the blank with the proper form of the words given at the beginning. Please pay attention to the part of speech of each word.

1.disapprove approve approval disapproval

a.She wants to be a nurse but her parents disapprove of her intention.

b.When the girl picked her nose at the dinner table， her father looked at her with disapproval.

c.We have obtained the authorities' approval in our involvement in the program.

d.If my project isn't approved of by the headmaster all my work will have been wasted.

2.discourage encourage courage encouraging（a.） courageous

a.The young explorer feels greatly discouraged by the difficulties he has encountered.

encount： 遇到，遭遇

b.When his opinion is different from that of the majority， the doesn't have the courage to say what he thinks right.

c.The speaker felt fairly confident when he got a encouraging smile from the audience.

d.The Association for Wildlife Preservation encourages members to protect the environment.

e.The young man was courageous enough to break away from traditional ideas.

3.permisssible permit permission

a.Lies are not permissible evidence in court.

b.Nobody can enter the air base without special permission.

c.Smoking is not permitted in public places of recreation.

4.organism organ organic

a.The organ of political power should serve the people.

b.Cities are more complex organism than self–sufficient villages.

c.In a well-written article， all the paraphs should be written into an organic whole .

Text B Stop Worrying Now！

Ⅰ.New words

take it easy ：don't worry

1.含有前缀的单词：

immobilize v. 使固定，使不动

→mobile a. 易于快速移动的

2.含有后缀的单词：

virtually ad. 实际地，实质地，事实上

obsessive a. 缠人的，强迫性的；过分的

justify vt. 证明…是正当的；为…辩护

error n. 错误

erroneous a. 错误的，不正确的

sensible a. 感觉得到的

sensibly ad. 感觉得到地；明智地，明白事理地

sense n. 感觉

minimize vt.将……减到最少

minimum n.最小值， 最少量

maximize v. 增加到最大量

maximum n. 最大量

absurd a. 荒谬的

absurdity n. 荒谬

compulsively ad. 强迫地

enjoyment n. 享受

troublesome a. 令人烦恼的，讨厌的；麻烦的，难处理的

3.合成词：

payoff n. 发工资；付清，偿还；

backache n. 背痛，腰痛

4.特殊记忆：

dividend n. 红利，利息；回报，效益

fulfill vt. 履行；完成

resolve vt.使分解，解析；解决，消除

solve vt. 解决，解答

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