（共10套）2019适合全国高三高考英语语法专项练习汇总

（共10套）2019高三高考英语语法专项练习汇总

专题一 构词法

[全国卷考情分析]

(对应学生用书第241页)

[先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·江西红色七校一联)He sat down and started gently(gentle) talking to the dog.

2．Similarly(similar)，when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool，he forgot to return it，too.

3．But such a small thing couldn't possibly(possible)destroy a village. 形容词变副词的后缀

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies，but students themselves think different.different→differently 2．(2017·宿迁三校质检)She tore up the letter angry and threw it into the dustbin.

angry→angrily 【44040110】

[再解读要点]

变化形式 一般情况下直接加“-ly” 例词 quick→quickly stupid→stupidly polite→politely fluent→fluently 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加true→truly-ly；绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容wide→widely wise→wisely 词直接加-ly nice→nicely 以“y”结尾的，且读音为 /I/, 先将“y”改happy→happily heavy→heavily 成“i”，再加“ly”； 但是如果读音为 /aI/, angry→angrily busy→busily 直接加ly dry→dryly shy→shyly economic→economically 以ic结尾的词，加ally basic→basically (例外：public→publicly) simple→simply terrible→terribly 以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y；元gentle→gently possible→possibly 音字母加le时，直接加ly probable→probably sole→solely (例外：whole→wholly) [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．My English improved a lot；more importantly，I gained much

形容词变名词的后缀 confidence(confident)．

2．That little act of kindness(kind) made everyone who saw it feel good－but it made me feel the best of all!

Ⅱ.单句改错

(2017·山东师大附中月考)We fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation.strong→strength [再解读要点]

后缀 -age 例词 short→shortage不足；短缺 efficient→efficiency效率；功效 -cy fluent→fluency流利；流畅 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私；私密 -dom free→freedom自由；自主 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 -ness kind→kindness仁慈；好意 careless→carelessness粗心大意 dark→darkness黑暗 strong→strength力气；强项 -th warm→warmth温暖；热情 true→truth真相；真理 wide→width宽度 difficult→difficulty困难 -y -ty -ity

cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴 safe→safety安全 disable→disability无能；残疾 responsible→responsibility责任 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

动词、名词变形容词的后缀 1．The high-speed train that connects the two cities is both fast and comfortable(comfort)．

2．Not only the teachers but also the students find the website beneficial(benefit)．

3．(2017·安徽江南十校联考)He was more than just an English teacher，because he also taught me useful(use) lessons in life. 【44040111】

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balance diet.balance→balanced 2．(2017·黑龙江大庆调研)I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society.reason→reasonable [再解读要点]

后缀 例词 accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable舒适的 -able fashion→fashionable时髦的 suit→suitable合适的 reason→reasonable有道理的 benefit→beneficial有益的 music→musical音乐的 origin→original最初的 -al person→personal个人的；私人的 center→central中央的；中心的 nature→natural自然的；天生的 form→formal正式的 nation→national全国的 doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的 harm→harmful有害的 hope→hopeful有希望的 -ful peace→peaceful和平的 care→careful细心的 use→useful有用的 success→successful成功的 help→helpful有帮助的 scare→scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的 puzzle→puzzled迷惑的 -(e)d worry→worried担心的 beard→bearded有胡须的 talent→talented有才能的 underline→underlined加下划线的 balance→balanced均衡的 surprise→surprising令人惊讶的 convince→convincing令人信服的 -ing satisfy→satisfying令人满意的 worry→worrying令人担心的 bore→boring令人厌烦的 access→accessible容易达到的；容易取得的 -ible horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible可怕的 act→active积极的；活跃的 -ive effect→effective有效的；生效的 attract→attractive有吸引力的

impress→impressive给人深刻印象的 instruct→instructive有教育意义的 expense→expensive昂贵的 continue→continuous不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 -ous caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的 humor→humorous幽默的 -some tire→tiresome令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome麻烦的 taste→tasty美味的；可口的 health→healthy健康的 wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的 -y dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的 rain→rainy有雨的 sun→sunny阳光明媚的 cloud→cloudy阴天的 -ern east→eastern东方的；向东的 west→western西方的；向西的 child→childish孩子气的 -ish fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的 self→selfish自私的 science→scientific科学的 -ic economy→economic经济的 history→historic历史上著名的

[先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

动词变名词的后缀 1．(2017·山东泰安一模)It is necessary to have a physical examination(examine) every year.

2．Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)．

3．Without hesitation(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.

Ⅱ.单句改错

(2017·湖北八校联考)It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your pronounce.pronounce→pronunciation 【44040112】

[再解读考点]

后缀 例词 correct→correction改正 attract→attraction吸引 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 -ion/-sion/ decide→decision决定 -ation admit→admission接纳；准许入学 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 teach→teacher老师 -er/-or announce→announcer播音员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 punish→punishment惩罚 -ment achieve→achievement功绩；成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 equip→equipment装备；设备 appear→appearance出现；外貌 -ance/-ence perform→performance表演；节目 exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 -ing hear→hearing听力；听觉 begin→beginning开始 fail→failure失败 -ure/-ture press→pressure压力 mix→mixture混合；混合物 depart→departure离开；出发 -y recover→recovery恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery发现 choose→choice选择 其他 vary→variety多样化；种类 tend→tendency趋向；趋势

[先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．You should loosen(loose) up your muscles before playing any sport. 2．My mother encouraged(courage) me and insisted that I continue my education. 3．Our government attaches much importance to education now，which enables(able) so many people to be well educated. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．If you want to live a simple life，you need to simple your mind.第二个simple→simplify 2．If you deep your knowledge or understanding of a subject，you will learn more about it and become more interested in it.deep→deepen [再解读考点]

前/后缀 例词 able→enable使能够 前缀 en- large→enlarge扩大 rich→enrich使充实；使丰富 变动词的前缀与后缀 danger→endanger危及 courage→encourage鼓励 broad→broaden使变宽 ripe→ripen使成熟 sharp→sharpen使尖锐 -en wide→widen加宽 short→shorten变短 deep→deepen加深 dark→darken使变暗 后缀 hard→harden使变硬 class→classify把……分类 -ify just→justify证明……正确 simple→simplify简化 beauty→beautify美化 apology→apologize道歉 -ize emphasis→emphasize强调 memory→memorize记住 real→realize认识到；实现

表示否定意义或相反意义的前 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·山东青岛一模)As they couldn't play outdoors，they were unhappy(happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.

2．People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest(honest)．

3．Informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.

Ⅱ.单句改错

缀和后缀 (2017·甘肃张掖中学月考)I know as an excellent guide I should make your journey interesting and meaningless.meaningless→meaningful [再解读要点]

前/后缀 例词 agree→disagree不同意 advantage→disadvantage缺点 dis- appear→disappear消失 comfort→discomfort不舒适的 honest→dishonest不诚实的 il- legal→illegal不合法的 logical→illogical不合逻辑的 polite→impolite无礼的 im- patient→impatient不耐烦的 moral→immoral不道德的 formal→informal非正式的 前缀 in- convenient→inconvenient不方便的 direct→indirect不直接的 regular→irregular不规则的 ir- responsible→irresponsible不负责任的 mis- lead→mislead误导 understand→misunderstand误解 usual→unusual不寻常的 un- willing→unwilling不愿意的 happy→unhappy不高兴的 known→unknown不出名的 后缀 -less hope→hopeless绝望的 end→endless没完没了的

care→careless粗心的 help→helpless无助的 use→useless无用的

(对应学生用书第244页) [核心考点针对练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．I usually memorize(memory) twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible.

2．They are trying to widen(wide) the discussion to include environmental issues. 3．There are so many different labels on food nowadays.They are not only confusing(confuse) but also misleading. 4．If we carry our burden all the time，sooner or later，as the burden becomes increasingly(increase) heavy，we won't be able to carry on.

5．It snowed heavily(heavy) last night and now the streets are covered with snow. 6．He sank into depression(depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a better-paid job. 【44040113】

7．It is illegal(legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country now. 8．(2017·河南中原名校期中联考)People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is no knowledge is useless(use)．

9．(2017·广东省揭阳市二模)Mike was dying to apply for a new job，but he was unconfident of himself，for he thought of himself as a failure(fail) and unworthy of success.

10．The report can be conveniently(convenient) divided into three main sections. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Every one of us is working hardly in the classroom，preparing for the coming exam.hardly→hard 2．(2017·东北师大附中月考)Before waiting for about half an hour，I was

beginning to get impatiently.impatiently→impatient 3．Although parents should take good care of their young children，they don't necessary do anything for them.necessary→necessarily 4．It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them repeated.repeated→repeatedly 5．Her disappointing look showed that she failed the exam again. disappointing→disappointed [高考题型综合练]

短文改错

(2017·辽宁沈阳市第一次质检) Dear Jacob，

How are you doing？I'm writing to invite you to climb Mount Qianshan.You had already been here for a month.So we think it's the good opportunity for us get familiar with each other.Mount Qianshan has a good reputation for their brilliant scenery in different season.My friends and family is planning to make it at 8 o'clock

in this Saturday morning at the school gate.We are wondering that it is convenient for you.When arrived there，we'll climb mountains and admire the beautiful scenery in winter.That will certain leave a deep impression on you since everything is covered by snow.

Looking forward to your reply.

Li Hua

【答案】 Dear Jacob，

How are you doing？I'm writing to invite you to climb Mount Qianshan.You ∧hadthe

have already been here for a month.So we think it's a good opportunity for us to their

get familiar with each other.Mount Qianshan has a good reputation for its brilliant seasonis

scenery in different seasons.My friends and family are planning to make it at 8 that

o'clock ﹨in this Saturday morning at the school gate.We are wondering whether/if it

arrived

is convenient for you.When arriving there，we'll climb mountains and admire the certain

beautiful scenery in winter.That will certainly leave a deep impression on you since everything is covered by snow.

Looking forward to your reply.

Li Hua

专题二 名词和冠词

一、名 词 [全国卷考情分析]

(对应学生用书第246页)

名词的数 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.

2．(2017·淄博二模)He lost all his keys(key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force.

Ⅱ.单句改错

Though we are now out of danger，the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a [再解读要点]

名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分， 不可数名词没有单复数之分。

1．可数名词复数的变化规则 (1)名词复数的规则变化

变化规则 一般情况下在词尾直接加s 例词 books，horses，beds，pages 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-glasses，boxes，brushes，watches(例es 以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，把y变为i再加es；以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s 以o结尾的名词，常在词尾加s cities，countries，factories，boys，toys，holidays radios，photos，pianos，zoos(例外：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes) half→halves，knife→knives，leaf→leaves；roofs，chiefs，gulfs，beliefs，proofs 外：stomach→stomachs) 以f或fe结尾的名词，常把f或fe变成v，再加es；少数词尾加s (2) 名词复数的不规则变化 ①单复数同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means(方式， 方法)，series，species ②词形变化：man→men，woman→women，child→children，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，mouse→mice，ox→oxen

③合成名词的复数：passerby→passersby，lookeron→lookerson，grownup→grownups，standby→standbys

④名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如：woman doctor→women doctors，man waiter→men waiters

(3)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks，congratulations，

trousers，works(著作；工厂)，manners(礼貌)，spirits(情绪)，instructions(操作说明)，directions(用法说明)，papers(试卷， 文件)，times(时代)等。

2．抽象名词具体化

?experience[U]经验? an experience[C]一次经历?

?surprise[U]惊奇? a surprise[C]一个/次令人吃惊的人或事?

?pleasure[U]愉快? ?a pleasure[C]一件乐事

?success[U]成功? ?a success[C]一个（件）成功的人或事?comfort[U]安慰? ?a comfort[C]一个（件）令人安慰的人或事

名词的固定搭配 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．I have no hesitation(hesitate) in recommending her for the job. 2．(江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes(mistake)，the teacher pointed them out with patience.

Ⅱ.单句改错

Many parents in China always attach too much important to words，ordering their children to do this or that.important→importance 【44040116】

[再解读要点]

名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词＋介词”和“介词＋名词”。常考的高频短语：

1．介词＋名词 with patience耐心地 at a loss不知所措 in favor of支持， 赞成 beyond recognition无法辨认 in great demand需求量很大

by chance/accident偶然 in advance提前 on purpose故意地

2．动词＋名词＋介词 have/gain access to可以获得 take advantage of利用， 趁……之机 make use of利用 find fault with挑……的错 keep pace with与……同步 put an end to结束…… take notice of注意到 catch sight of看见 do damage to损害…… attach importance to重视…… take the place of取代， 代替 take pride in以……自豪 take possession of占有

make preparations for为……做准备 make contributions to对……做出贡献 [技法点拨]

二、冠 词 [全国卷考情分析]

(对应学生用书第247页)

不定冠词 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·重庆一中月考)“The match between these two teams is great，” said Jim，and I hope to see a second. 2．(2015·四川高考)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be a Beethoven. 【44040117】

Ⅱ.单句改错

(2017·山东临沭一中月考)In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.

在第二个car前加a

[再解读要点]

不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。

1．不定冠词的基本用法

(1)用作可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。

It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。

(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain。 —Excuse me，would you please give the iPad to John? ——打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？

—Sorry，but I don't think there's a John in our class.——对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。

(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于of the same＋名词。

The two plants look different，but they are of a kind (＝of the same kind)． 这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类。 2．不定冠词的活用

(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。

(北京高考)First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get a second chance to make a first impression.

最初的印象最持久。毕竟， 你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。 (2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。

(山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times. 在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。

(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时， 前面需用不定冠词a/an。have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”；have a (clear/good) understanding of...“了解……”。

(2017·烟台模拟)If you don't have a good knowledge of English，it's out of the question for you to use it flexibly and fluently.

如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！ 3．用于固定搭配中 all of a sudden突然地 at a loss不知所措；困惑 be/go on a diet节食 make a fool of 愚弄 make a living谋生 once in a while偶尔

have a gift for在……方面有天赋 have a word with与……谈话 in a way从某种意义上说 as a result/consequence 因此

定冠词 as a matter of fact事实上 pay a visit to参观；拜访 give sb.a lift让某人搭便车 in a hurry匆忙地 a waste of...浪费

keep an eye on 留意；留神

[先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句改错

(2017·江西南昌联考)They only eat what they like and never touch food they don't like even if they really need it for their health.food前加the Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·山东寿光现代中学月考)The unsuccessful person，on the other hand，works little and just waits to see them pass by.

2．比较应用①Xiamen is the most beautiful coastal city I have ever seen so that I will come again.

②Qingdao is a most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for a second

(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。

(安徽高考)Lighthearted and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。

易错警示 以ly结尾的形容词，常见的有：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly 等。 2．副词的基本用法 (1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。

(2015·安徽高考)They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.

他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。

(安徽高考)Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。

(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。

(天津高考)The young man couldn't afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.

那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。

(江西高考)The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I'd grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。

易错警示 易用错的几类副词 (1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地)，hard(努力地)/ hardly(几乎不)，late(晚，迟)/ lately(最近)，most(很，最)/mostly(主要地)，fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地)，near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。 (2)有些副词有两种形式：以ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide宽地/widely广泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep深地/deeply 深深地。 形容词和副词的比较等级 [先试做题组] 单句语法填空

1．(2017·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others，the faster(fast) you will move toward your goal.

2．(2017·浙江金温台三市联考)If they have been caught several times playing video games at work，their salaries may be cut，and even worse(bad)，they may lose their jobs.

3．Four fifths of the people on the Net believe China's economy is among the strongest(strong) in the world. 【65670126】

[再解读要点]

1．比较级和最高级的构成 (1)变化规则

变化规则 单音节的词一般在后面加er和est 例词 tall→taller→tallest quick→quicker→quickest 以“辅音字母＋e”结尾的词，在后面加rlate→later→latest 和st pale→paler→palest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y改为early→earlier→earliest i，再加er和est heavy→heavier→heaviest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，则thin→thinner→thinnest 双写这个辅音字母，再加er和est hot→hotter→hottest 其他双音节和多音节的词都在前面加careful→more careful→more和most most careful

易错警示 有少数几个双音节以及ow，er，le结尾的词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：narrow，common，clever，simple，quiet，stupid等。 (2)不规则变化 good/well→better→best；bad/ill→worse→worst；many/much→more→most；far→farther/further→farthest/furthest；old→older/elder→oldest/eldest；little→less→least

2．比较等级的用法 (1)同级比较

①as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……不一样”

(2017·河南中原名校联考)Since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。

②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...

(2017·湖南长郡中学月考)I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.

今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。 (2)比较级

“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。

(2017·大连二十中月考)I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.

我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。 易错警示 修饰比较等级的副词：much，even，still，far，yet，a little，a lot，a bit，rather，any等。more，very等副词不可修饰比较级，这也是短文改错中常出现的错误之一。 (3)最高级 ①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。

(2015·四川高考)Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。

②最高级的其他表达法 a．否定词＋比较级

b．比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than anything/anyone else

Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。

The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.

长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。 易错警示 有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的有：favorite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，但不与than连用，如be senior to等。 (4)含有比较等级的特殊句型 ①“the＋adj./adv.er，the＋adj./adv.er” “越……，越……” ②“adj./adv.er＋and＋adj./adv.er”“越来越……”

③“the＋adj.er＋of the two＋名词”“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个” ④no more than“仅仅”， not more than“至多；不超过” ⑤more...than...“与其说……不如说……” ⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……”

⑦not＋比较级＋than “不比……更……”。 ⑧倍数句型

a．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B b．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B

c．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B

(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared.

一篇文章越积极乐观，就越有可能被大众分享。

(2015·江苏高考)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。

More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well.

越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。

形容词和副词的词性转换 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·云南玉溪一中月考)Increase your exercise levels naturally(natural) by walking or biking short distances instead of driving，or by taking the stairs instead of the elevator.

2．Seeing Jack，she ran to him and asked him to play with her for a while.“Sorry，Jane，but I'm terribly(terrible) busy tonight.”

Ⅱ.单句改错

(2017·湖北黄冈调研)We are very proudly of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.proudly→proud [再解读要点]

形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语，应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、

time.

[再解读要点] 1．定冠词的基本用法

(1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名词前。

(2015·重庆高考)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。

(2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。

(2016·四川高考)We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。

(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only，very，same前，以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。

(陕西高考)As is known to all，the People's Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。

This book is the better one of the two. 这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。 易错警示 a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。 (4)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中， 表示“按……计算”。但size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。

He was surprised to find that books are sold by weight in this bookstore，that is，by the kilogram.

他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖，也就是说是按公斤来卖的。 (5)用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中， 其中的the不可用物主代词代替。

hit sb.on the head 打某人的头

pull /take sb.by the hand拉/抓住某人的手

strike sb.in the face打某人的脸 2．用于固定搭配中 at the moment 此刻，目前 in the way 阻碍；挡路 not in the least 一点也不 the other day 几天之前 to the point中肯； 切题

by the way顺便说一下 in the distance在远处 on the contrary与此相反 on the other hand另一方面 take the place of 代替

go to the cinema/theater去看电影/戏剧 in the habit of有……的习惯 make the most/best of 充分利用 to tell (you) the truth(跟你)说实话 for the time being 暂时

零冠词 [先试做题组] 单句改错

1．(2017·四川成都外国语学校月考)I told him I could not go to the college because I did not want to study anymore.去掉the 2．(2017·福建福州十三中期中)How are you？Today I've got a wonderful news to tell you.去掉a

3．Sam has been appointed the manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.

去掉manager前的the

[再解读要点] 1．零冠词的基本用法

(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。

(2015·福建高考)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.

人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。

(江西高考)The Smiths don't usually like staying at hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.

史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。

(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any 等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。

Each student must hand in his(her) exercise book by the end of this week. 每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。

(3) 表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时， 其前通常用零冠词。 (四川高考)Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”

这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”

(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。

Of all the subjects，I like history best because it gives us a useful knowledge of things in the past.

在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。

2．用于固定搭配中 on/catch fire着火 by chance/accident碰巧 under repair在维修中 do harm to对……有害 in place在正确位置 in return作为回报 ahead of time 提前 lose heart 灰心

by mistake错误地 in history在历史上 hand in hand 手拉手 on purpose故意地 in danger在危险中 at present 目前 in advance 提前 out of control失控

at dawn/dusk/night在黎明/黄昏/夜晚 make room for为……让出空间 3．有无冠词意义不同的搭配 ?at table在吃饭? ?at the table在桌子旁?in hospital住院? ?in the hospital在医院里?out of question毫无疑问? ?out of the question不可能[技法点拨]

?at school在上学? ?at the school在学校

?in charge of掌管? ?in the charge of在……掌管之中

(对应学生用书第250页) [核心考点针对练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·安徽六校联考)As a businessman，Mr.Green is a complete failure.Being lazy may well be one of the disadvantages(disadvantage) to his failure. 2．(2017·哈师大附中月考)As far as I am concerned，my suggestion(suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a ChineseEnglish dictionary within easy reach.

3．(2017·安徽宿州期末)Li Hua has a good knowledge of English and this will be an advantage over others in finding a proper job. 4．(2017·山东寿光现代中学月考)I considered myself very lucky because I was the only one of my friends who had their dads around. 5．(2017·河北邯郸模拟)The experiment took us five months and turned out a great disappointment.

6．(2017·宁波段考)My grandparents like to live in the countryside where they can enjoy a leisurely walk on the country road and feel the warmth of the sun on their faces.

7．What if your first choice is wrong？If so，just give yourself a second chance. 8．You are working too hard.You'd better keep a balance between work and relaxation.

9．Yesterday the firemen(fireman) examined the ground but were not able to find any clues to the cause of the fire. 【44040118】

10．For many young people，going to university is one of the most important stages(stage) of their lives. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2016·天津高考)The dictionary is out of the date：many words have been added to the language since it was published.

去掉date前的the

2．(2017·江西省重点中学联考)I don't think the experiment is a failure.At least we have gained an experience for future success.

去掉experience前的an

3．(2017·合肥八中段考)The airport bus leaves every 30 minute and will take you right to the Friendship Hotel.

(安徽高考)In Britain，it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast. 在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。 易错警示 (1)当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，every，each等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。 (2)“on/upon＋名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。 2．表示方位的介词 介词 at in on across through over above 后常接相对较小的地方。 后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内。 表示“在……上”。(?beneath) 表示“从……的表面穿过；在……对面”。 表示“从……的内部穿过”。 表示“从……的上面跨过”。(?under) 指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过，多于，大于”。(?below) 用法 (陕西高考)The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little scream. 狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。

(上海高考)The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.

阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。 3．表示方式的介词

表示使用的工具、手段、材料时，with，by，in，on都意为“用”。with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官；by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具；in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；on 多用于固定词组中。

by train乘火车；on the radio通过收音机；on TV通过电视；with a pencil用铅笔

4．表示“除……之外”的介词(短语) 介词 用 法 besides except but 意为“除……之外(还有)”，相当于in addition to。 意为“除……之外(别无)”，可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句。 意为“除……之外”(＝ except)。 apart from 既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except for。 。 other than 意为“除……之外(别无)”(福建高考)Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.

除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。 易错警示 (1)but常用于nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all 之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定式中的to省略。 (2)besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。 5．表示原因的介词(短语) for，because of，due to，thanks to，owing to，on account of，as a result of (浙江高考)The openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。

(上海高考)Owing to bad weather，the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。

易错警示 上述短语都可作状语，due to还可作表语。thanks to 表示“多亏，幸亏”，多位于句首。 6．其他常考的介词 介词 against beyond by despite for with 用法 违背，反对；倚靠；以……为背景，衬托 (范围、限度)超出，为……所不能及 程度或增减的幅度；按……计 尽管 (表示目的)为了；(表示对象或用途)给；因为；从……来看；赞成，支持 和……在一起；和，跟；具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着 within without off (范围、程度)在……内 没有 (表示位置)在……的外面；(表示方向)偏离；从……离开 (重庆高考)She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road. 她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。

(福建高考)Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. 任何司机如被发现饮酒超限都会被指控。

常考介词短语及搭配 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空

(2017·天津高考)We offer an excellent education to our students.In return，we expect students to work hard.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2017·江西南昌调研)Under his help，we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems.Under→With 2．(2017·甘肃重点中学协作体联考)Because the help you gave me that summer，my life changed.Because后加of 【44040123】

[再解读要点]

高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查，介词与名词、形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：

1．与名词的搭配 at a time每次，一次 at first sight乍一看 by mistake错误地 in charge主管，看管 in turn依次，转而 in trouble 处于困境中 on holiday在度假

at a loss 困惑，不知所措 at table在吃饭 by the way顺便说 in return作为回报 in shape健康状况良好 on purpose故意地 in time及时，迟早

on time准时

in honour of为了纪念…… in memory of为纪念…… by hand 手工 on account of 由于 approach to ……的方法 for the sake of为了 reason for ……的原因 by accident/chance 偶然 beyond one's reach够不着 in advance在前头，事先，预先 in the long run从长远来看 beyond description 无法形容

on average 平均 in place of代替 in addition to 除了 on the contrary相反地 on behalf of 代表 visit to 到……的访问 by means of 借助 (a) lack of 缺乏……

out of breath/balance上气不接下气/失去平衡 to one's surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是 under construction/consideration在建设/考虑 at the cost of 以……为代价 in support/favor of支持，支援 in terms/view of鉴于，根据 for the purpose of 为了……目的 for the benefit of为了……的利益 on the way to在去……的路上 on the basis of 以……为基础 2．与动词的搭配 answer for 对……负责 call at 拜访(地点) result from 由于 approve of赞成 consist of 由……组成 think of 想起；考虑到

apply for申请

refer to 谈到；涉及；查阅 suffer from遭受 complain of 抱怨 dream of 梦到 call on 拜访(某人)

depend/rely on 依靠 belong to 属于

result in/lead to导致 date from/back to 追溯到

keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做…… protect...from 保护……不受伤害 succeed in 在……方面成功 3．与形容词的搭配 be aware of 意识到 be tired of厌倦 be eager for 渴望

be ashamed of对……感到羞耻 be sure of 对……有信心；确信 be familiar with sth.熟悉…… be familiar to sb.为……所熟悉 be patient with 对……有耐心 be pleased/satisfied with 对……满意 be popular with sb.受……欢迎 be strict with sb.对……严格 be addicted to 对……上瘾；沉溺于 be available to 对……可用；可供……使用 be beneficial to 对……有益处 be devoted to 致力于，献身于 be similar to 与……相似 be confident in 对……有信心 be anxious about/for 忧虑，担心 be crazy about 热衷；着迷 be curious about 对……好奇 be particular about 挑剔 be suitable for/to适合于 4．其他搭配 far from 远非

once in a while 偶尔 be proud of 以……为荣 be angry with sb.对……生气 be absent from 缺席

up to 达到；由……决定 after all 毕竟，终究

in spite of 尽管；虽然

ahead of (时间，空间)在……前面；领先 5．易错用的介词

with the help of在……的帮助下 under the leadership of在……的领导下 the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章 a hole in the wall 墙上的洞 a bird in the tree树上的鸟 apples on the tree树上的苹果 tickets for the concert音乐会的票 in the direction of朝着……的方向 set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样 [技法点拨]

(对应学生用书第257页) [核心考点针对练]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2017·陕西宝鸡九校联考)Equipped with modern facilities，today's hospitals are quite different from those of the past. 2．(2017·三门峡市考前适应性训练)She remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

3．(2017·浙江杭州质检二)Exams cannot measure everything a child has achieved，so we should let students know there is much more to them than their test scores.

4．(2017·河北沧州质检)They do it because the platform allows their voice to be heard and constantly encourages them to improve themselves(they)．

5．(2017·丹东市总复习测试)When Monday came，she arrived at school in Colorado，only to be told that her new hair style was against the school rules. 6．(2017·长春外国语学校模拟)Nowadays，with the development of technology，online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.

7．(2017·广西桂林中学模拟)White fat stores extra energy，which results in weight gain.

8．She'd lived in London and Manchester，but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.

9．Mary and her sister got into the water and helped pull the boat and its 20 people on board to safety. 10．He sat down at an empty table and waited for someone to take his order. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．(2017·河北河南省级联考)The rest find their happiness in some activities like assisting of others and taking part in their favorite sports.

去掉of

2．(2017·河南中原名校质检)By the contrary，the others regard exercise as an inseparable part of the students' daily life.By→On 3．Global warming is having a great effect at hundreds of plant and animal species around the world，changing some living patterns.

at→on 【44040124】

4．(陕西高考)I'd appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

在if前加it

5．(2017·云贵川百校联考)But it's difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how to plan it.

it→them [高考题型综合练]

短文改错

(2017·云南省第一次统一检测)Last winter vacation，my parents and I went back to our hometown，where I spend my childhood.Walking slow in the quiet small town reminded me of the good old day.I went from street to street，in the search of my childhood footprints.Suddenly，I found me at the gate of the primary school on which I studied for six years.As I entered，I was surprised find that the old classroom building was gone.But it was filling with my childhood memories! I felt such sad that tears ran down my cheeks.It was just like the feeling I had while a good friend left me forever.

【答案】

Last winter vacation，my parents and I went back to our hometown，where I spendslow my childhood.Walking spentslowly in the quiet small town reminded me of the day

good old days.I went from street to street，in the ﹨ search of my childhood meon

footprints.Suddenly，I found myself at the gate of the primary school in which I studied for six years.As I entered，I was surprised find that the old classroom fillingsuch

building was gone.But it was filled with my childhood memories! I felt so sad while

that tears ran down my cheeks.It was just like the feeling I had when a good friend left me forever.

【44040125】

专题四 形容词和副词

[全国卷考情分析]

(对应学生用书第258页)

形容词和副词的基本用法 [先试做题组] 单句语法填空

1．(2017·吉林省实验中学模拟)They invited all the most experienced (experience) experts in this field to discuss and quite a few suggestions were put forward.

2．(2017·湖南长沙六校联考)Surprisingly(surprise)，when I got home，I found a wet U．S.$20 bill stuck to the ground.

3．(2017·郑州一中调研)They can also make their own special sounds to keep the story interesting(interest) and attractive. [再解读要点] 1．形容词的基本用法

(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Although it doesn't taste of anything special，it's still worth a try，...

尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但是还是值得一试。

(2016·北京高考)Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.

天气状况太差，他想找到雪橇的轨迹是不可能的。

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