孙中山教育思想研究

孙中山教育思想研究

摘要

孙中山先生作为中国近代资产阶级民主革命家，他的思想是中国民主革命的瑰宝。其教育思想吸收了中国传统儒家精髓并借鉴西方民主进步思想，在与时俱进中彰显时代特色。他的教育思想融贯中西，有所创新，并规划了国民教育新体系。虽然具有一定的局限性，但他时刻关注教育，一定程度上反映了教育文化为政治服务及教育救国、教育兴国、国家强盛的强烈愿望。

构思中国新式教育，而且亲自付诸于实践。他的教育思想由于当时条件的限制，在实施中并没有取得理想效果。但历史发展表明，他当年规划的国民教育思想体系的发展模式，在一定程度上展示了当今中国解决教育问题的发展趋向。改革开放以来，中国更加重视教育事业的发展，使教育发展突飞猛进。孙中山教育思想对中国共产党教育理论建设和实践也产生了巨大影响，现代教育不仅从理论上参考，而且在实践上也传承了孙中山教育思想的合理内核。21世纪，研究孙中山教育思想对我国素质教育的推行、职业教育的改革及和谐社会的创建具有重要的借鉴意义。

本文遵循历史唯物主义与辩证唯物主义思想，运用文献研究法和历史分析法从孙中山教育思想的形成及来源、孙中山“教育兴国”思想、孙中山国民教育体系构建、孙中山德育思想等方面，对孙中山教育思想进行系统研究。全文分五个部分：

第一部分：阐述了孙中山教育思想的形成背景及其思想来源。

第二部分：论述孙中山“教育兴国”的主要内容，主要从“教育兴国”的提出和内容及“教育兴国”对民国教育和建国的作用。

第三部分：全面论证孙中山的教育思想,普及教育、师范教育、女子教育、职业教育等，为今天的教育改革提供了珍贵的思想资料，对于教育部提出的高校转型有很大的借鉴作用。

第四部分：从孙中山的德育思想论述孙中山的教育思想，德育思想的渊源、德育思想的主要内容对当代高校德育教育具有重要的参考价值。

第五部分：孙中山教育思想的历史地位、时代贡献、历史局限性和教育思想对民国教育、当今教育的影响评价。

当然，由于孙中山所处的时代，他有关教育某些观点与今天的教育改革并不吻合。但是，孙中山先生的教育思想仍是留给今天历史与教育领域的财富，值得学术界进一步探索与发现。

关键词: 孙中山；教育思想；三民主义；德育思想

A Study on Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Education Ideas

Dr. Sun Yat-sen was a bourgeois revolutionist of modern China. His ideas on education were regarded as a great treasure of Chinese Democratic Revolution, which absorbed the essences of Chinese Confucius and the western democratic progressive thoughts. Characterized by keeping up with times, Dr. Sun’s thoughts were novel. Moreover, these ideas planned a new national education system, though there were some limits. His closely focusing on education reflected that, to some extent, education could service for politics. And he strongly hoped that education could save, develop and strengthen China. He created the new education and practiced it. Although the efficient is not obvious limited by the conditions of that time, it is still proved to throw light to today’s educational problems. Since the reform and opening up policy was adopted, China has paid more attention to the development of education and Chinese educational cause has met its boom. Dr. Sun’s thoughts on education have taken a great effect on Chinese Communist Party’s theories and practices, and modern education. In twenty-first century, his ideas are helpful to establish the education of all-around development and reform professional education and construct the harmonious society. The paper, with the instruction thoughts of historical materialism and dialectic materialism, adopted literature review and historical analysis methods to research the formation and source of Dr. Sun’s ideas on education, strengthening China by education, the construction of national education system and moral education. There are five parts in this paper. Firstly, it narrates the background and source of Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s education thoughts. Secondly, it talks about the contents of strengthening China by education and its influence on education during the Republic period and its function on foundation China. Thirdly, the study tells his education ideas fully including basic education, normal education, professional education etc. And it also comments its significance to the reform of today’s education. Besides, these thoughts are useful for the transition of higher education institutions.

Fourthly, the paper researches the contents of his moral education and its source, which the author hope to give some important suggestions on today’s college and university moral education. Fifthly, it comments the place of Dr. Sun’s education thoughts in history, its contributions in times, its limits and the influences on the educations of Republic period and now. There is no doubt that some of Dr. Sun’s opinions are not fit for today’s education because of his time. But it is still an important treasure for the researches in fields of history and education and worth of further studying and discovering.

Key words: Sun Yat-sen; education ideas; Three People’s Principles; moral

education thoughts

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