高级商务英语一 Unit 1-15(共576题)

Unit 1 the Three Sectors of the Economy

Ⅰ阅读理解

Just over ten years ago the Labour Party issued a glossy booklet entitled Modern Manufacturing Strength. It had as its subtitle Building a world class economy. It rightly complained of the destruction of much of Britain‘s industrial capacity during the years of Conservative rule. It called for a new strategy to revive British industry. Labor‘s booklet of ten years ago said that Conservative policy implied that manufacturing can be replaced by the service sector. ?This is a wholly false dichotomy‘, argued the booklet. ?A strong service sector requires a strong manufacturing base‘. In trading terms, Labor‘s booklet said, ?we manufacture or perish‘. Labor‘s booklet referred to what it described as Britain‘s ?appalling balance of payments deficit‘.

Today British manufacturing is even weaker than it was ten years ago. It employs fewer people. There are fewer factories. Manufacturing output represents a declining proportion of the total output of goods and services. The balance of payments on manufactured items is as bad as it has ever been.

The decline in British manufacturing affects not only the old so-called ?smoke-stack‘ industries but also industries that continue to cater for a substantial or growing market. Steel, engineering, motor-vehicle manufacture, electrical goods, shipbuilding, textiles, clothing, industrial chemicals, boots and shoes, furniture, pottery, computer manufacture and many other sections have all been affected. Their market share has declined.

It is an ironic commentary on this record of contraction that simultaneously under New Labour the income of the top people has leapt ahead of the general rise in the pay of working people. It is not success but failure that British capitalism has been rewarding. It is equally ironic that it now seems that our public sector, including the National Health Service and parts of the educational system, are to be injected more and more with the failed medicine of the bosses from the private sector.

It is plain as plain can be that capitalism has failed to halt the decline in British manufacturing industry and that in the immediate future manufacturing will continue on the path of contraction. Labor‘s booklet of ten years ago called for a national strategy for the modernization of British industry.

This would necessarily involve a big increase in investment. Productivity depends essentially on the kind of tools and equipment available to those employed in industry and on the education, training and skill of the workforce from the highest to the lowest level. The necessary increase in industrial investment will not come from private initiative and private sources. Tax incentives — and there have been plenty of them to help private companies — do little to influence long-term policy though they help to stuff the pockets of the industrial fat cats. There is no substitute for public investment and public accountability.

1. From the first paragraph, we know that the Labor party and the Conservative Party were different in their policies on A. Britain‘s manufacturing industry

2.

3.

4.

5.

B. The world economy

C. Britain‘s industrial capacity D. International trade

In the Labor‘s booklet, the sentence ?we manufacture or perish‘ means that A. Britain should upgrade its manufacturing industry. B. The manufacturing industry should convert itself.

C. Britain‘s economy will be destroyed if we don‘t revive our manufacturing

industry.

D. We should manufacture goods to support ourselves.

Compared with ten years ago, the manufacturing industry in Britain A. is stronger than it was ten years ago. B. employs a larger work force. C. has more factories. D. is even worse.

Against the context of slowdown in Britain‘s manufacturing industry, which of the following industry suffers from decline in market share? A. advertising B. banking

C. electrical goods D. consulting

The modernization of British industry will result in a big increase in A. unemployment B. private investment C. government investment D. output of manufacturing

The prospect facing British industry is worsened by the economic slow down in the world‘s principal capitalist powers, the USA, Japan and Germany. The path of their economies has shown once again that periodic booms and recession are an inevitable feature of an economic system dominated by the pursuit of private profit. It is not the satisfaction of human need that drives the economy but the motivation of profit. ?Effective demand‘ in the vocabulary of economists is the demand of people who have the money and the willingness to spend. All the huge unsatisfied basic wants of humanity count for nothing unless they represent a ?market force‘ expressed by the possession of an adequate income.

To those who argue that the problems of British industry are attributable primarily to the exchange rate there is an obvious answer. Who sets, or at the very least influences, the exchange rate? It is not set by divine intervention. It is Treasury policy and the bankers who have the main short-term influence. In the long-term exchange rates reflect the balance of trade.

It is not an answer to the decline of manufacturing to urge that Britain should join the Euro. This would reduce even more the possibility of remedial action. More and more decisions affecting British industry would be made increasingly remote from accountability to the British people.

New Labour should bring to an end its misplaced love affair with the private sector.

6. The author points out that periodic booms and recessions are the inevitable features of

A. Britain‘s economy

B. the world‘s principal capitalist powers C. USA‘s economy D. Japan‘s economy

7. In the economists‘ point of view, what drives the economy is the ?Effective demand‘, which is defined as A. human needs

B. the basic wants of low-incomers

C. the demand of people with adequate income

D. the demand of people with adequate income and willingness to spend 8. Which of the following factors influence the exchange-rate of a country?

A. divine power

B. Treasury policy and the bankers C. the balance of trade D. B & C

9. The proposal that Britain should join the Euro

A. can help British manufacturing get through the difficulties

B. will not be a remedy for the secondary sector of the British economy

C. will enable the British people to have the final say in its manufacturing

industry

D. will enhance Britain‘s position in the European Union 10. The author suggests that, the new Labor party today should

A. attach greater importance to the private sector than the public sector B. increase investment on the industry

C. change its current attitudes towards the private sector D. ignore the private sector

Ⅱ 词汇与结构

11. As a giant manufacturing economy, America is still the richest nation in the world. Therefore, the assumption that manufacturing has no future in the advanced industrialized countries is highly ＿＿＿.

A. confusing B. untrue C. dubious D. doubted

12. The majority of the people inhabits in their own little worlds, ＿＿＿ of how they connect with the outside world.

A. oblivious B. unknown C. curious D. thinking

13. Researchers have ＿＿＿ across a drug that may help patients with Parkinson‘s disease.

A. discovered B. come C. found D. stumbled

14. Violence increased to ＿＿＿ that residents were afraid to leave their homes.

A. the position that B. the extent that C. the result that D. the depth that

15. The majority of the economists hold that it is impossible to stop this ＿＿＿ change in the patterns of human consumption.

A. huge B. progressive C. dramatic D. great

16. Nowadays, people in cities rely on the mining of coal or pumping of oil to ＿＿＿ their cars.

A. move B. fuel C. drive D. use

17. The deadline for submitting the proposals is due in two days, but they offered no solution for all our ＿＿＿ problems

A. great B. immense C. myriad D. large

18. She gave no thought to all this, and neither ＿＿＿ occurred her to do so before she came here.

A. would it have B. it would have C. would it D. it have

19. Some people believe that the manufacturing industry in developed countries will change, ＿＿＿ itself.

A. adapt B. modify C. Correct D. convert

20. After a country‘s people are supplied ＿＿＿ the physical subject of consumption, they go on to concern about their design.

A. for B. to C. with D. about

Ⅲ 完形填空

In 1998, 25-year old John Stewart was ＿＿＿(21) redundant. He was left with a compensation ＿＿＿(22) of ￡5,000 and a determination to be his own boss. As a supporter of his local football club, he had often helped them by maintaining and repairing their seating. He now decided to set up his own company and make a ＿＿＿(23) out of his hobby.

His first step was to get 1,000 brochures printed, ＿＿＿(24) the two main services which he could ＿＿＿(25), repair and maintenance. He sent these brochures to ＿＿＿ (26) and professional football clubs, and other similar ＿＿＿(27), such as hockey clubs.

The week after completing the mailing was the worst of his life. He had no responses at all. Then a letter arrived from Scotland inviting him to give a ＿＿＿(28) for a pre-season check of a football club‘s seating. He arrived in Scotland in three hours; by the end of the afternoon he had signed the ＿＿＿(29) to do the work. For ￡500 the club had its seating made good, and on arriving home three days later, John worked ＿＿＿(30) that he had made a ￡250 profit.

The next four weeks were extremely busy, as club after club invited John to work for them. He priced each job in the same way as the first, working out all the direct ＿＿＿(31), then adding 100%. Money started to ＿＿＿ (32) in and John bought a van and rented a factory unit on an industrial estate near his house.

Then in late August the phones stopped ringing as the pre-season work dried up. John ＿＿＿ (33) that he needed longer-term work and decided to move into the manufacture of seating for new sports stadiums and the replacement market.

21. A. told B. made C. required D. found 22. A. salary B. wage C. payment D. amount 23. A. living B. practice C. labor D. task

24. A. declaring B. expressing C. outlining D. designing 25. A. do B. provide C. achieve D. succeed 26. A. amateur B. unprofessional C. casual D. informal 27. A. organizations B. situations C. activities D. sports 28. A. bid B. tender C. valuation D. quotation 29. A. charge B. terms C. invoice D. contract 30. A. out B. up C. off D. over 31. A. figures B. bills C. costs D. prices 32. A. come B. fly C. flow D. blow 33. A. agreed B. realized C. understood D. knew

Ⅳ 汉译英

34. 两百年前，几乎每一个国家的绝大部分人居住在农村并从事农业劳动。

35. 由于服务行业的发展和随着制造业往‘发展中国家’迁移而萎缩，许多人已经在谈论“后工业化国家”时代。

36. 我们之所以担心先进的工业化国家失业率会上升和制造业会萎缩，唯一的原因在于我们没有看到到更大范围内的社会发展。

37. 发达国家也可以制造产品，因为事实上发达国家所拥有的生产技术意味着其制造业仅需极少的劳力支出。

38. 一个国家三大经济成分的规模和复杂程度是其经济发展水平的最重要决定因素。

Ⅴ 写作

39. 随着出口贸易的进一步发展，中国的制造业继续蓬勃发展，中国也已成为了当之无愧的“世界工厂”。但是近年来，中国制造多次在西方国家遭遇了滑铁卢，使得国内的相关制造产业如玩具制造业等遭受重创。请结合实际，谈谈你对“中国制造”的看法，字数为150字左右。

A. producing Model T B. producing luxury cars C. producing mid-priced cars

D. producing varying styles of cars

9. Ford Motor Company consists of the following automotive brands except

A. Porsche B. Land Rover C. Lincoln D. Mazda

10. The passage mainly talks about Ford Motor‘s

A. advanced automotive technology B. company history in 20th century

C. great contributions to automotive industry D. reform in the new century

Ⅱ 词汇与结构

11. Cabinet members are directly responsible ＿＿＿ the President. A. for B. as C. to D. of

12. Even in the same company, some departments occasionally have ＿＿＿ with each other.

A. disputes B. fighting C. argument D. conflicts 13. Production costs decrease when the factory operates at full ＿＿＿. A. capacity B. power C. volume D. amount

14. The business of Route 128 are much more secretive, and ＿＿＿ from each other.

A. apart B. far C. insulated D. different

15. Northern Mexico -- not just the border towns but a strip more than 300 miles deep -- is rapidly becoming the newest American industrial ＿＿＿. A. part B. location C. area D. belt 16. Managers must be ＿＿＿ for their decisions.

A. accountable B. accounted C. held D. charged 17. The company ＿＿＿ five main departments

A. made up of B. is consisted of C. composes of D. contains 18. Most organizations have a ＿＿＿ structure, with an increasing number of people at each level.

A. parallel B. horizontal C. hierarchical D. vertical

19. A ＿＿＿ organization is one in which decision making is not confined to a few top executives but rather is throughout the organization.

A. centralized B. decentralized C. hierarchical D. central

20. The company is building the center in ＿＿＿ with the Institute of Engineering. A. partner B. connection C. line D. collaboration

Ⅲ 完形填空

A Successful Network of Accountancy Franchisees

Tax-Assist Direct is an accountancy franchise which probably has more business-minded franchisees than most in the white collar (21)＿＿＿. Already, over 130 business professionals have joined the company as franchisees, (22)＿＿＿ the brand‘s strong position within the UK management franchise sector.

Continued acceleration in network growth is (23)＿＿＿ for the next few years, with the company expecting to achieve nationwide (24)＿＿＿ within four years. As it receives around 100 (25)＿＿＿ a month from would-be franchisees, this target looks (26)＿＿＿.

Tax-Assist Direct‘s franchise network contains individuals from a broad (27)＿＿＿ of professional backgrounds, including accountancy, baking, business and management. The company‘s initial and ongoing training programme (28)＿＿＿ to ensure that new franchisees are well-grounded in accounting practices and running their own business.

New franchisees generally start from home to minimize early overheads, then establish a staffed office to expand their (29) ＿＿＿ for taking on work. Many of those who started working from home within the last six months are now ready to (30)＿＿＿ on the next stage of business development.

Clive Marshall, one such franchisee, (31)＿＿＿ the company‘s openness as being one of the deciding factors in making him choose to work with Tax-Assist Direct. ?They really stood out in the quality of information they gave,‘ he explains. ?At every juncture, they answered my questions promptly by phone and then (32)＿＿＿ up in writing.‘ I was very impressed with the operation and the people.‘ Many of Tax-Assist Direct‘s franchisees are equally enthusiastic, which seems to (33) ＿＿＿ the company‘s continued success.

21. A. category B. type C. class D. variety 22. A. consolidating B. amalgamating C. incorporating D. integrating 23. A. looked B. approaching C. forthcoming D. anticipated 24. A. range B. coverage C. size D. extent

25. A. enquiries B. surveys C. investigations D. interrogations 26. A. possible B. impossible C. realistic D. ideal 27. A. blend B. merger C. mix D. union 28. A. directs B. targets C. focuses D. aims

29. A. means B. power C. capacity D. competence 30. A. launch B. embark C. engage D. initiate 31. A. refers B. cites C. indicates D. points 32. A. followed B. caught C. came D. went 33. A. ascertain B. prove C. support D. guarantee

Ⅳ 汉译英

34. 通常认为他发明了矩阵组织。

35. 大多数公司具有一种分层的或者金字塔式的结构，在最顶端是一个人或者一组人；在他们下面的各个层次有越来越多的人。

36. 那些不能够被分成具有自己市场独立分部的公司可以模拟权利分散。

37. 他从人类社会的历史中吸取教训，就组织公司的最佳方法提出建议。

Ⅴ 写作

38. Write a short summary of your opinions regarding big and small companies, explaining which you prefer to work for or would prefer to work for in the future. 1) Listed the advantage and disadvantage of each option 2) Give reasons for your choice 3) Write about 150 words.

Key:

Unit 3 Company Structure

Ⅰ阅读理解

1-5: D B A B C 6-10: B C C A B

Ⅱ 词汇与结构 11-15: C D A C D 16-20: A D C B D

Ⅲ 完形填空

21-25: A A D B A 26-30: C C D C B 31-33: B A D

Ⅳ 汉译英

34. He is generally credited with inventing the matrix structure.

35. Most organizations have a hierarchical or pyramidal structure, with one person or a group of people at the top, and an increasing number of people below them at each successive level.

36. Business that cannot be divided into autonomous divisions with their own markets can stimulate decentralization.

37. Drawing on the history of human societies, he makes a suggestion concerning the best way to organize a business.

Unit 4 Work and Motivation

Ⅰ阅读理解

Working an eight-hour day is a luxury for most professional people. Nowadays, the only way to guarantee an eight-hour working day is to have the kind of job where you clock on and off. Those professionals who have managed to limit their hours to what was, 20 years ago, the average do not wish to identify themselves. ―I can quite easily achieve my work within a normal day, but I don‘t like to draw attention to it,‖ says one sales manager. ―People looked at me when I left at 5 o‘clock. Now, I put paperwork in my bag. People assume I‘m doing extra hours at home.‖

But more typical is Mark, who works as an account manager. He says, ―my contract says I work from 9 until 5 with extra hours as necessary. It sounds as if the extra hours are exceptional. In fact, my job would be enough not only for me, but also for some-one else part-time. The idea of an eight-hour day makes me laugh.‖ He says he has thought about going freelance but realizes that this doesn‘t guarantee better working hours.

Professor Cary Cooper, occupational psychologist at the University of Manchester, is the author of the annual Quality of Working Life Survey. The most recent survey found that 77% of managers in Britain work more than their contracted hours, and that this is having a damaging effect on their health, relationships and productivity. Professor Cooper is critical of the long-hours culture. He says that while bosses believe long hours lead to greater efficiency, there is no evidence to support this. ―In fact, the evidence shows that long hours make you ill.‖

1. An eight-hour day is now a luxury for ＿＿＿ A. factory workers who clock on and off at work. B. most professional people. C. some professionals. D. managers in companies.

2. What does the writer say in the first paragraph about people who work an eight-hour day?

A. They are reluctant to admit to this. B. They are disliked by their colleagues. C. They are limited to certain professions.

D. They often catch up on work in the evenings. 3. What does Mark say about his work?

A. His main concern is job security.

B. Too much of his time at work is wasted. C. The terms of his contract are misleading.

D. He objects to being given other people‘s work.

4. What does Cary Cooper say about recent trends in the workplace?

A. He believes that a long working day is counter-productive.

B. He has doubts about the results of the Quality of Working Life survey.

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