【北师大版】高中英语一轮复习讲练精品：Part II 语法部分 专题4

专题四 动词和动词短语

一、动词

英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。 实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。

In some parts of London, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.

Brian told you that there wasn't anyone in the room at that time, didn't he?

In order to make our city green, we must plant more trees.

二、动词短语

英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。 Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children. In order to catch up with the advanced countries, we must keep learning.

动词在句中作谓语或谓语的一部分时，其形式要随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。高考对动词和动词词组的考查主要在以下几个方面。

1．对不及物动词的考查

不及物动词本身意思完整，不需要跟宾语，也没有被动语态。

You are supposed to arrive on time.

We went to Canada to travel and my cousin acted as our guide.

2．对及物动词的考查

及物动词本身意思不完整，后面需要接宾语。

In our childhood, we were often reminded by parents to pay parents to study hard.

—Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?

—Oh, really! I haven't checked my mailbox yet.

3．对连系动词的考查

连系动词虽有一定的词义，但不完全，不能独立充当谓语，必须和作表语的词(名词、形容词等)连用。

Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health remains poor.

Cotton feels soft while stone feels hard.

4．动词＋副词

The famous scientist grew up where he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.

When you turn on the TV set, clear pictures will immediately appear on the screen.

注意：在“动词＋副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况：宾语如是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。而如果宾语是代词，只能置于动词后面，即动词和副词之间。 You can take the magazine out of the reading room.

5．动词＋介词

动词与介词构成的词组在词义上相当于一个及物动词，宾语置于介词后面。

That fashion which differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.

6．动词＋副词＋介词

这类动词短语在词义上相当于一个及物动词，其宾语置于介词之后。

We must work hard to make up for lost time.

You are walking too fast. I can't keep up with you.

7．动词＋名词

这类动词短语中的常见动词是have，take，give，make等，后面的名词通常是从动词转化而来的动作名词，并表达了短语动词的真正意义。

He caught sight of an old friend when he was shopping.

Take hold of the rope and you will climb up.

8．动词＋名词＋介词

这类动词短语只用作及物动词。名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语总是位于介词之后。 Keep an eye on the baby while I am out.

What the teacher says has great effect on the pupils.

9．be ＋形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)＋介词

这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词的词义是短语动词的真正词义。 I told him what I was surprised at was his attitude towards his study.

It is good for elderly people to be involved in community service actively.

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